JAVA序列化--Protobuf

ゝ一世哀愁。 2024-02-05 17:11 46阅读 0赞

##  ##

**目录**

前言

一、Protobuf入门

Protobuf的优势

Protobuf 编译器

安装使用Protobuf

编写.proto文件

编译proto文件

总结

--------------------

## 前言 ##

Protocol Buffers（简称protobuf）是一种轻便高效的数据序列化格式，可用于结构化数据的序列化和反序列化。它由Google开发并开源，用于解决数据交换和存储的通用问题。protobuf`和json、xml如出一辙，之所以要学习protobuf是因为这种序列化方式得到的数据体积是很小的，这就导致了它在网络传输性能以及存储方面的优势；因为体积小，让protobuf序列化的数据传输性能高，磁盘占用率也低；所以protobuf序列化的场景一般出现在高性能业务中，基本上是通过tcp+protobuf的通信方式取代http+json。`

--------------------

## **一、Protobuf入门** ##

Protobuf是Protocol Buffers的简称，它是Google公司开发的⼀种数据描述语⾔，并于2008年对外开 源。Protobuf刚开源时的定位类似于XML、JSON等数据描述语⾔，通过附带⼯具⽣成代码并实现将结 构化数据序列化的功能。但是我们更关注的是Protobuf作为接⼝规范的描述语⾔，可以作为设计安全的 跨语⾔PRC接⼝的基础⼯具。

### Protobuf的优势 ###

###  ###

*  编解码效率
 *  高压缩比
 *  多语言支持

![70f38d936ca54cdb9b7c11c5dab1c7a0.png][]

### Protobuf 编译器 ###

Protobuf的编译器叫做：protoc（protobuf compiler）

我们在写protobuf之前需要先安装protoc这个工具，这个工具的作用就是将我们编写的.proto文件转换成目标语言对应的代码；比如我们现在是java语言，那么我们就要使用protoc这个工具把我们编写的.proto文件转成我们需要的java类文件；同样的，如果需要转成go语言、python语言同样也需要借助protoc这个编译工具；

![8aeab0f17cf844fbad2ed8fc42cd9998.png][]

java栗子：

./protoc --java_out=./  DmpDataProto.proto

### 安装使用Protobuf ###

我们可以点击[protoc工具下载链接][protoc]，目前的最新版本是`v25.1`：

![e4100efc0c114bb9b21ae3e82f075014.png][]

找到`protoc`工具，根据自己的操作系统选择合适的安装包，我的操作系统是`macos`，那么我就选择`protoc-25.0-rc-1-osx-x86_64.zip。解压文件后，进入bin目录`查看`protoc`的版本。

yangyanpingdeMacBook-Air:bin yangyanping$ ./protoc --version
    libprotoc 25.0-rc1

### 编写`.proto`文件 ###

我们先来编写一个`User.proto`文件作为示例，我们的目标语言是`java`

syntax = "proto3";
    
    // 是否生成多个java文件
    option java_multiple_files = false;
    // 指定生成的java文件的包名
    option java_package = "com.yyp.test.proto";
    // 指定生成java文件类名
    option java_outer_classname = "UserProto";
    // 是否生成equals和hash方法
    option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
    // 生成的java文件编码格式
    option java_string_check_utf8 = true;
    // protocol buffer编译器是否应该 基于服务定义 产生 抽象服务代码
    option java_generic_services = false;
    
    message User {
      int32 id = 1;
      string name = 2;
      string email = 3;
    
      enum PhoneType{
        MOBILE = 0;
        HOME = 1;
        WORK = 2;
      }
    
      message PhoneNumber{
        PhoneType type = 1;
        string number = 2;
      }
    
      repeated PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;
    }

来简单解释一下User.proto的内容，该文件将会生成一个UserProto.java文件，不过在该UserProto.java文件中才会生成User内部类等；

在message User中，有4个属性，分别是id、name、email、phoneNumber，每个属性都需要一个唯一编号，范围从【1～536,870,911】，但是【19000～19999】号段是保留编号，保留编号是不能被使用的；

每个属性都有一个对应的数据类型，int32对应java中的int类型，string对应的String类型；repeated修饰符代表该数据类型可以重复，repeated PhoneNumber phoneNumber翻译成java语言如下：

List<PhoneNumber> phoneNumber;

#### 编译proto文件 ####

我们接下来需要通过`protoc`工具来编译`.proto`文件，把`.proto`文件编译成我们需要的目标语言对应的文件，当前`pwd`位置处于`User.proto`文件同一层:

/Users/yangyanping/Downloads/protoc-25.0-rc-1-osx-x86_64/bin

./protoc --java_out=./  User.proto

上面的命令中，`--java_out`表示生成的结果放在哪个文件夹中，`.`代表当前文件夹；

生产的java 类UserProto 源代码

// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
    // source: User.proto
    
    // Protobuf Java Version: 3.25.0-rc1
    package com.yyp.test.proto;
    
    public final class UserProto {
      private UserProto() {}
      public static void registerAllExtensions(
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
      }
    
      public static void registerAllExtensions(
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {
        registerAllExtensions(
            (com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite) registry);
      }
      public interface UserOrBuilder extends
          // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:User)
          com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
    
        /**
         * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
         * @return The id.
         */
        int getId();
    
        /**
         * <code>string name = 2;</code>
         * @return The name.
         */
        java.lang.String getName();
        /**
         * <code>string name = 2;</code>
         * @return The bytes for name.
         */
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString
            getNameBytes();
    
        /**
         * <code>string email = 3;</code>
         * @return The email.
         */
        java.lang.String getEmail();
        /**
         * <code>string email = 3;</code>
         * @return The bytes for email.
         */
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString
            getEmailBytes();
    
        /**
         * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
         */
        java.util.List<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber> 
            getPhoneNumberList();
        /**
         * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
         */
        com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber getPhoneNumber(int index);
        /**
         * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
         */
        int getPhoneNumberCount();
        /**
         * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
         */
        java.util.List<? extends com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder> 
            getPhoneNumberOrBuilderList();
        /**
         * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
         */
        com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder getPhoneNumberOrBuilder(
            int index);
      }
      /**
       * Protobuf type {@code User}
       */
      public static final class User extends
          com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
          // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:User)
          UserOrBuilder {
      private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
        // Use User.newBuilder() to construct.
        private User(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
          super(builder);
        }
        private User() {
          name_ = "";
          email_ = "";
          phoneNumber_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
        }
    
        @java.lang.Override
        @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
        protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
            UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
          return new User();
        }
    
        public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
            getDescriptor() {
          return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_descriptor;
        }
    
        @java.lang.Override
        protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
            internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
          return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_fieldAccessorTable
              .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
                  com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.class, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.Builder.class);
        }
    
        /**
         * Protobuf enum {@code User.PhoneType}
         */
        public enum PhoneType
            implements com.google.protobuf.ProtocolMessageEnum {
          /**
           * <code>MOBILE = 0;</code>
           */
          MOBILE(0),
          /**
           * <code>HOME = 1;</code>
           */
          HOME(1),
          /**
           * <code>WORK = 2;</code>
           */
          WORK(2),
          UNRECOGNIZED(-1),
          ;
    
          /**
           * <code>MOBILE = 0;</code>
           */
          public static final int MOBILE_VALUE = 0;
          /**
           * <code>HOME = 1;</code>
           */
          public static final int HOME_VALUE = 1;
          /**
           * <code>WORK = 2;</code>
           */
          public static final int WORK_VALUE = 2;
    
    
          public final int getNumber() {
            if (this == UNRECOGNIZED) {
              throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(
                  "Can't get the number of an unknown enum value.");
            }
            return value;
          }
    
          /**
           * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
           * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
           * @deprecated Use {@link #forNumber(int)} instead.
           */
          @java.lang.Deprecated
          public static PhoneType valueOf(int value) {
            return forNumber(value);
          }
    
          /**
           * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
           * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
           */
          public static PhoneType forNumber(int value) {
            switch (value) {
              case 0: return MOBILE;
              case 1: return HOME;
              case 2: return WORK;
              default: return null;
            }
          }
    
          public static com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<PhoneType>
              internalGetValueMap() {
            return internalValueMap;
          }
          private static final com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<
              PhoneType> internalValueMap =
                new com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<PhoneType>() {
                  public PhoneType findValueByNumber(int number) {
                    return PhoneType.forNumber(number);
                  }
                };
    
          public final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor
              getValueDescriptor() {
            if (this == UNRECOGNIZED) {
              throw new java.lang.IllegalStateException(
                  "Can't get the descriptor of an unrecognized enum value.");
            }
            return getDescriptor().getValues().get(ordinal());
          }
          public final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor
              getDescriptorForType() {
            return getDescriptor();
          }
          public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor
              getDescriptor() {
            return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.getDescriptor().getEnumTypes().get(0);
          }
    
          private static final PhoneType[] VALUES = values();
    
          public static PhoneType valueOf(
              com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor desc) {
            if (desc.getType() != getDescriptor()) {
              throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(
                "EnumValueDescriptor is not for this type.");
            }
            if (desc.getIndex() == -1) {
              return UNRECOGNIZED;
            }
            return VALUES[desc.getIndex()];
          }
    
          private final int value;
    
          private PhoneType(int value) {
            this.value = value;
          }
    
          // @@protoc_insertion_point(enum_scope:User.PhoneType)
        }
    
        public interface PhoneNumberOrBuilder extends
            // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:User.PhoneNumber)
            com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
    
          /**
           * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
           * @return The enum numeric value on the wire for type.
           */
          int getTypeValue();
          /**
           * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
           * @return The type.
           */
          com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType getType();
    
          /**
           * <code>string number = 2;</code>
           * @return The number.
           */
          java.lang.String getNumber();
          /**
           * <code>string number = 2;</code>
           * @return The bytes for number.
           */
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString
              getNumberBytes();
        }
        /**
         * Protobuf type {@code User.PhoneNumber}
         */
        public static final class PhoneNumber extends
            com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
            // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:User.PhoneNumber)
            PhoneNumberOrBuilder {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
          // Use PhoneNumber.newBuilder() to construct.
          private PhoneNumber(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
            super(builder);
          }
          private PhoneNumber() {
            type_ = 0;
            number_ = "";
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
          protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
              UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
            return new PhoneNumber();
          }
    
          public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
              getDescriptor() {
            return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_descriptor;
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
              internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
            return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_fieldAccessorTable
                .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
                    com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.class, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder.class);
          }
    
          public static final int TYPE_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
          private int type_ = 0;
          /**
           * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
           * @return The enum numeric value on the wire for type.
           */
          @java.lang.Override public int getTypeValue() {
            return type_;
          }
          /**
           * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
           * @return The type.
           */
          @java.lang.Override public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType getType() {
            com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType result = com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType.forNumber(type_);
            return result == null ? com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType.UNRECOGNIZED : result;
          }
    
          public static final int NUMBER_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
          @SuppressWarnings("serial")
          private volatile java.lang.Object number_ = "";
          /**
           * <code>string number = 2;</code>
           * @return The number.
           */
          @java.lang.Override
          public java.lang.String getNumber() {
            java.lang.Object ref = number_;
            if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
              return (java.lang.String) ref;
            } else {
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = 
                  (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
              java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
              number_ = s;
              return s;
            }
          }
          /**
           * <code>string number = 2;</code>
           * @return The bytes for number.
           */
          @java.lang.Override
          public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
              getNumberBytes() {
            java.lang.Object ref = number_;
            if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
                  com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                      (java.lang.String) ref);
              number_ = b;
              return b;
            } else {
              return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
            }
          }
    
          private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
          @java.lang.Override
          public final boolean isInitialized() {
            byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
            if (isInitialized == 1) return true;
            if (isInitialized == 0) return false;
    
            memoizedIsInitialized = 1;
            return true;
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
                              throws java.io.IOException {
            if (type_ != com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType.MOBILE.getNumber()) {
              output.writeEnum(1, type_);
            }
            if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(number_)) {
              com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 2, number_);
            }
            getUnknownFields().writeTo(output);
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public int getSerializedSize() {
            int size = memoizedSize;
            if (size != -1) return size;
    
            size = 0;
            if (type_ != com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType.MOBILE.getNumber()) {
              size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
                .computeEnumSize(1, type_);
            }
            if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(number_)) {
              size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.computeStringSize(2, number_);
            }
            size += getUnknownFields().getSerializedSize();
            memoizedSize = size;
            return size;
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
            if (obj == this) {
             return true;
            }
            if (!(obj instanceof com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber)) {
              return super.equals(obj);
            }
            com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber other = (com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber) obj;
    
            if (type_ != other.type_) return false;
            if (!getNumber()
                .equals(other.getNumber())) return false;
            if (!getUnknownFields().equals(other.getUnknownFields())) return false;
            return true;
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public int hashCode() {
            if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {
              return memoizedHashCode;
            }
            int hash = 41;
            hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
            hash = (37 * hash) + TYPE_FIELD_NUMBER;
            hash = (53 * hash) + type_;
            hash = (37 * hash) + NUMBER_FIELD_NUMBER;
            hash = (53 * hash) + getNumber().hashCode();
            hash = (29 * hash) + getUnknownFields().hashCode();
            memoizedHashCode = hash;
            return hash;
          }
    
          public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
              java.nio.ByteBuffer data)
              throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
            return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
          }
          public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
              java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
              com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
              throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
            return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
          }
          public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
              throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
            return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
          }
          public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
              com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
              throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
            return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
          }
          public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(byte[] data)
              throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
            return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
          }
          public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
              byte[] data,
              com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
              throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
            return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
          }
          public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
              throws java.io.IOException {
            return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
                .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
          }
          public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
              java.io.InputStream input,
              com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
              throws java.io.IOException {
            return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
                .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
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          public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
              throws java.io.IOException {
            return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
                .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
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          public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseDelimitedFrom(
              java.io.InputStream input,
              com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
              throws java.io.IOException {
            return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
                .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
          }
          public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
              com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
              throws java.io.IOException {
            return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
                .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
          }
          public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
              com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
              com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
              throws java.io.IOException {
            return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
                .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
          public static Builder newBuilder() {
            return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();
          }
          public static Builder newBuilder(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber prototype) {
            return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
          }
          @java.lang.Override
          public Builder toBuilder() {
            return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
                ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          protected Builder newBuilderForType(
              com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
            Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
            return builder;
          }
          /**
           * Protobuf type {@code User.PhoneNumber}
           */
          public static final class Builder extends
              com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
              // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:User.PhoneNumber)
              com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder {
            public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
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              return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_descriptor;
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            @java.lang.Override
            protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
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                  .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
                      com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.class, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder.class);
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            // Construct using com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.newBuilder()
            private Builder() {
    
            }
    
            private Builder(
                com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
              super(parent);
    
            }
            @java.lang.Override
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            @java.lang.Override
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            @java.lang.Override
            public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber buildPartial() {
              com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber result = new com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber(this);
              if (bitField0_ != 0) { buildPartial0(result); }
              onBuilt();
              return result;
            }
    
            private void buildPartial0(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber result) {
              int from_bitField0_ = bitField0_;
              if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
                result.type_ = type_;
              }
              if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0)) {
                result.number_ = number_;
              }
            }
    
            @java.lang.Override
            public Builder clone() {
              return super.clone();
            }
            @java.lang.Override
            public Builder setField(
                com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
                java.lang.Object value) {
              return super.setField(field, value);
            }
            @java.lang.Override
            public Builder clearField(
                com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
              return super.clearField(field);
            }
            @java.lang.Override
            public Builder clearOneof(
                com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
              return super.clearOneof(oneof);
            }
            @java.lang.Override
            public Builder setRepeatedField(
                com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
                int index, java.lang.Object value) {
              return super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
            }
            @java.lang.Override
            public Builder addRepeatedField(
                com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
                java.lang.Object value) {
              return super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
            }
            @java.lang.Override
            public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
              if (other instanceof com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber) {
                return mergeFrom((com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber)other);
              } else {
                super.mergeFrom(other);
                return this;
              }
            }
    
            public Builder mergeFrom(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber other) {
              if (other == com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
              if (other.type_ != 0) {
                setTypeValue(other.getTypeValue());
              }
              if (!other.getNumber().isEmpty()) {
                number_ = other.number_;
                bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
                onChanged();
              }
              this.mergeUnknownFields(other.getUnknownFields());
              onChanged();
              return this;
            }
    
            @java.lang.Override
            public final boolean isInitialized() {
              return true;
            }
    
            @java.lang.Override
            public Builder mergeFrom(
                com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
                com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
                throws java.io.IOException {
              if (extensionRegistry == null) {
                throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
              }
              try {
                boolean done = false;
                while (!done) {
                  int tag = input.readTag();
                  switch (tag) {
                    case 0:
                      done = true;
                      break;
                    case 8: {
                      type_ = input.readEnum();
                      bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
                      break;
                    } // case 8
                    case 18: {
                      number_ = input.readStringRequireUtf8();
                      bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
                      break;
                    } // case 18
                    default: {
                      if (!super.parseUnknownField(input, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
                        done = true; // was an endgroup tag
                      }
                      break;
                    } // default:
                  } // switch (tag)
                } // while (!done)
              } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
                throw e.unwrapIOException();
              } finally {
                onChanged();
              } // finally
              return this;
            }
            private int bitField0_;
    
            private int type_ = 0;
            /**
             * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
             * @return The enum numeric value on the wire for type.
             */
            @java.lang.Override public int getTypeValue() {
              return type_;
            }
            /**
             * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
             * @param value The enum numeric value on the wire for type to set.
             * @return This builder for chaining.
             */
            public Builder setTypeValue(int value) {
              type_ = value;
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
              onChanged();
              return this;
            }
            /**
             * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
             * @return The type.
             */
            @java.lang.Override
            public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType getType() {
              com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType result = com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType.forNumber(type_);
              return result == null ? com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType.UNRECOGNIZED : result;
            }
            /**
             * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
             * @param value The type to set.
             * @return This builder for chaining.
             */
            public Builder setType(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType value) {
              if (value == null) {
                throw new NullPointerException();
              }
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
              type_ = value.getNumber();
              onChanged();
              return this;
            }
            /**
             * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
             * @return This builder for chaining.
             */
            public Builder clearType() {
              bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
              type_ = 0;
              onChanged();
              return this;
            }
    
            private java.lang.Object number_ = "";
            /**
             * <code>string number = 2;</code>
             * @return The number.
             */
            public java.lang.String getNumber() {
              java.lang.Object ref = number_;
              if (!(ref instanceof java.lang.String)) {
                com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
                    (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
                java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
                number_ = s;
                return s;
              } else {
                return (java.lang.String) ref;
              }
            }
            /**
             * <code>string number = 2;</code>
             * @return The bytes for number.
             */
            public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
                getNumberBytes() {
              java.lang.Object ref = number_;
              if (ref instanceof String) {
                com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
                    com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                        (java.lang.String) ref);
                number_ = b;
                return b;
              } else {
                return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
              }
            }
            /**
             * <code>string number = 2;</code>
             * @param value The number to set.
             * @return This builder for chaining.
             */
            public Builder setNumber(
                java.lang.String value) {
              if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
              number_ = value;
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
              onChanged();
              return this;
            }
            /**
             * <code>string number = 2;</code>
             * @return This builder for chaining.
             */
            public Builder clearNumber() {
              number_ = getDefaultInstance().getNumber();
              bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
              onChanged();
              return this;
            }
            /**
             * <code>string number = 2;</code>
             * @param value The bytes for number to set.
             * @return This builder for chaining.
             */
            public Builder setNumberBytes(
                com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
              if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
              checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);
              number_ = value;
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
              onChanged();
              return this;
            }
            @java.lang.Override
            public final Builder setUnknownFields(
                final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
              return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
            }
    
            @java.lang.Override
            public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
                final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
              return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
            }
    
    
            // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:User.PhoneNumber)
          }
    
          // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:User.PhoneNumber)
          private static final com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
          static {
            DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber();
          }
    
          public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber getDefaultInstance() {
            return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
          }
    
          private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<PhoneNumber>
              PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<PhoneNumber>() {
            @java.lang.Override
            public PhoneNumber parsePartialFrom(
                com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
                com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
                throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
              Builder builder = newBuilder();
              try {
                builder.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
              } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
                throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
              } catch (com.google.protobuf.UninitializedMessageException e) {
                throw e.asInvalidProtocolBufferException().setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
              } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
                throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(e)
                    .setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
              }
              return builder.buildPartial();
            }
          };
    
          public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<PhoneNumber> parser() {
            return PARSER;
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public com.google.protobuf.Parser<PhoneNumber> getParserForType() {
            return PARSER;
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber getDefaultInstanceForType() {
            return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
          }
    
        }
    
        public static final int ID_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
        private int id_ = 0;
        /**
         * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
         * @return The id.
         */
        @java.lang.Override
        public int getId() {
          return id_;
        }
    
        public static final int NAME_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
        @SuppressWarnings("serial")
        private volatile java.lang.Object name_ = "";
        /**
         * <code>string name = 2;</code>
         * @return The name.
         */
        @java.lang.Override
        public java.lang.String getName() {
          java.lang.Object ref = name_;
          if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
            return (java.lang.String) ref;
          } else {
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = 
                (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
            java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
            name_ = s;
            return s;
          }
        }
        /**
         * <code>string name = 2;</code>
         * @return The bytes for name.
         */
        @java.lang.Override
        public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
            getNameBytes() {
          java.lang.Object ref = name_;
          if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
                com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                    (java.lang.String) ref);
            name_ = b;
            return b;
          } else {
            return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
          }
        }
    
        public static final int EMAIL_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
        @SuppressWarnings("serial")
        private volatile java.lang.Object email_ = "";
        /**
         * <code>string email = 3;</code>
         * @return The email.
         */
        @java.lang.Override
        public java.lang.String getEmail() {
          java.lang.Object ref = email_;
          if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
            return (java.lang.String) ref;
          } else {
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = 
                (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
            java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
            email_ = s;
            return s;
          }
        }
        /**
         * <code>string email = 3;</code>
         * @return The bytes for email.
         */
        @java.lang.Override
        public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
            getEmailBytes() {
          java.lang.Object ref = email_;
          if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
                com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                    (java.lang.String) ref);
            email_ = b;
            return b;
          } else {
            return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
          }
        }
    
        public static final int PHONENUMBER_FIELD_NUMBER = 4;
        @SuppressWarnings("serial")
        private java.util.List<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber> phoneNumber_;
        /**
         * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
         */
        @java.lang.Override
        public java.util.List<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber> getPhoneNumberList() {
          return phoneNumber_;
        }
        /**
         * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
         */
        @java.lang.Override
        public java.util.List<? extends com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder> 
            getPhoneNumberOrBuilderList() {
          return phoneNumber_;
        }
        /**
         * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
         */
        @java.lang.Override
        public int getPhoneNumberCount() {
          return phoneNumber_.size();
        }
        /**
         * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
         */
        @java.lang.Override
        public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber getPhoneNumber(int index) {
          return phoneNumber_.get(index);
        }
        /**
         * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
         */
        @java.lang.Override
        public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder getPhoneNumberOrBuilder(
            int index) {
          return phoneNumber_.get(index);
        }
    
        private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
        @java.lang.Override
        public final boolean isInitialized() {
          byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
          if (isInitialized == 1) return true;
          if (isInitialized == 0) return false;
    
          memoizedIsInitialized = 1;
          return true;
        }
    
        @java.lang.Override
        public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
                            throws java.io.IOException {
          if (id_ != 0) {
            output.writeInt32(1, id_);
          }
          if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(name_)) {
            com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 2, name_);
          }
          if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(email_)) {
            com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 3, email_);
          }
          for (int i = 0; i < phoneNumber_.size(); i++) {
            output.writeMessage(4, phoneNumber_.get(i));
          }
          getUnknownFields().writeTo(output);
        }
    
        @java.lang.Override
        public int getSerializedSize() {
          int size = memoizedSize;
          if (size != -1) return size;
    
          size = 0;
          if (id_ != 0) {
            size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
              .computeInt32Size(1, id_);
          }
          if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(name_)) {
            size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.computeStringSize(2, name_);
          }
          if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(email_)) {
            size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.computeStringSize(3, email_);
          }
          for (int i = 0; i < phoneNumber_.size(); i++) {
            size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
              .computeMessageSize(4, phoneNumber_.get(i));
          }
          size += getUnknownFields().getSerializedSize();
          memoizedSize = size;
          return size;
        }
    
        @java.lang.Override
        public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
          if (obj == this) {
           return true;
          }
          if (!(obj instanceof com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User)) {
            return super.equals(obj);
          }
          com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User other = (com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User) obj;
    
          if (getId()
              != other.getId()) return false;
          if (!getName()
              .equals(other.getName())) return false;
          if (!getEmail()
              .equals(other.getEmail())) return false;
          if (!getPhoneNumberList()
              .equals(other.getPhoneNumberList())) return false;
          if (!getUnknownFields().equals(other.getUnknownFields())) return false;
          return true;
        }
    
        @java.lang.Override
        public int hashCode() {
          if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {
            return memoizedHashCode;
          }
          int hash = 41;
          hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
          hash = (37 * hash) + ID_FIELD_NUMBER;
          hash = (53 * hash) + getId();
          hash = (37 * hash) + NAME_FIELD_NUMBER;
          hash = (53 * hash) + getName().hashCode();
          hash = (37 * hash) + EMAIL_FIELD_NUMBER;
          hash = (53 * hash) + getEmail().hashCode();
          if (getPhoneNumberCount() > 0) {
            hash = (37 * hash) + PHONENUMBER_FIELD_NUMBER;
            hash = (53 * hash) + getPhoneNumberList().hashCode();
          }
          hash = (29 * hash) + getUnknownFields().hashCode();
          memoizedHashCode = hash;
          return hash;
        }
    
        public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
            java.nio.ByteBuffer data)
            throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
          return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
        }
        public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
            java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
            com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
            throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
          return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
        }
        public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
            throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
          return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
        }
        public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
            com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
            throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
          return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
        }
        public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(byte[] data)
            throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
          return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
        }
        public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
            byte[] data,
            com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
            throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
          return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
        }
        public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
            throws java.io.IOException {
          return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
              .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
        }
        public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
            java.io.InputStream input,
            com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
            throws java.io.IOException {
          return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
              .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
        }
    
        public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
            throws java.io.IOException {
          return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
              .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
        }
    
        public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseDelimitedFrom(
            java.io.InputStream input,
            com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
            throws java.io.IOException {
          return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
              .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
        }
        public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
            com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
            throws java.io.IOException {
          return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
              .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
        }
        public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
            com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
            com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
            throws java.io.IOException {
          return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
              .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
        }
    
        @java.lang.Override
        public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
        public static Builder newBuilder() {
          return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();
        }
        public static Builder newBuilder(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User prototype) {
          return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
        }
        @java.lang.Override
        public Builder toBuilder() {
          return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
              ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
        }
    
        @java.lang.Override
        protected Builder newBuilderForType(
            com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
          Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
          return builder;
        }
        /**
         * Protobuf type {@code User}
         */
        public static final class Builder extends
            com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
            // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:User)
            com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.UserOrBuilder {
          public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
              getDescriptor() {
            return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_descriptor;
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
              internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
            return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_fieldAccessorTable
                .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
                    com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.class, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.Builder.class);
          }
    
          // Construct using com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.newBuilder()
          private Builder() {
    
          }
    
          private Builder(
              com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
            super(parent);
    
          }
          @java.lang.Override
          public Builder clear() {
            super.clear();
            bitField0_ = 0;
            id_ = 0;
            name_ = "";
            email_ = "";
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              phoneNumber_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
            } else {
              phoneNumber_ = null;
              phoneNumberBuilder_.clear();
            }
            bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
            return this;
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
              getDescriptorForType() {
            return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_descriptor;
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User getDefaultInstanceForType() {
            return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.getDefaultInstance();
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User build() {
            com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User result = buildPartial();
            if (!result.isInitialized()) {
              throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
            }
            return result;
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User buildPartial() {
            com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User result = new com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User(this);
            buildPartialRepeatedFields(result);
            if (bitField0_ != 0) { buildPartial0(result); }
            onBuilt();
            return result;
          }
    
          private void buildPartialRepeatedFields(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User result) {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
                phoneNumber_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(phoneNumber_);
                bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
              }
              result.phoneNumber_ = phoneNumber_;
            } else {
              result.phoneNumber_ = phoneNumberBuilder_.build();
            }
          }
    
          private void buildPartial0(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User result) {
            int from_bitField0_ = bitField0_;
            if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
              result.id_ = id_;
            }
            if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0)) {
              result.name_ = name_;
            }
            if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0)) {
              result.email_ = email_;
            }
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public Builder clone() {
            return super.clone();
          }
          @java.lang.Override
          public Builder setField(
              com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
              java.lang.Object value) {
            return super.setField(field, value);
          }
          @java.lang.Override
          public Builder clearField(
              com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
            return super.clearField(field);
          }
          @java.lang.Override
          public Builder clearOneof(
              com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
            return super.clearOneof(oneof);
          }
          @java.lang.Override
          public Builder setRepeatedField(
              com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
              int index, java.lang.Object value) {
            return super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
          }
          @java.lang.Override
          public Builder addRepeatedField(
              com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
              java.lang.Object value) {
            return super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
          }
          @java.lang.Override
          public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
            if (other instanceof com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User) {
              return mergeFrom((com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User)other);
            } else {
              super.mergeFrom(other);
              return this;
            }
          }
    
          public Builder mergeFrom(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User other) {
            if (other == com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
            if (other.getId() != 0) {
              setId(other.getId());
            }
            if (!other.getName().isEmpty()) {
              name_ = other.name_;
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
              onChanged();
            }
            if (!other.getEmail().isEmpty()) {
              email_ = other.email_;
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
              onChanged();
            }
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              if (!other.phoneNumber_.isEmpty()) {
                if (phoneNumber_.isEmpty()) {
                  phoneNumber_ = other.phoneNumber_;
                  bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
                } else {
                  ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
                  phoneNumber_.addAll(other.phoneNumber_);
                }
                onChanged();
              }
            } else {
              if (!other.phoneNumber_.isEmpty()) {
                if (phoneNumberBuilder_.isEmpty()) {
                  phoneNumberBuilder_.dispose();
                  phoneNumberBuilder_ = null;
                  phoneNumber_ = other.phoneNumber_;
                  bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
                  phoneNumberBuilder_ = 
                    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.alwaysUseFieldBuilders ?
                       getPhoneNumberFieldBuilder() : null;
                } else {
                  phoneNumberBuilder_.addAllMessages(other.phoneNumber_);
                }
              }
            }
            this.mergeUnknownFields(other.getUnknownFields());
            onChanged();
            return this;
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public final boolean isInitialized() {
            return true;
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public Builder mergeFrom(
              com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
              com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
              throws java.io.IOException {
            if (extensionRegistry == null) {
              throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
            }
            try {
              boolean done = false;
              while (!done) {
                int tag = input.readTag();
                switch (tag) {
                  case 0:
                    done = true;
                    break;
                  case 8: {
                    id_ = input.readInt32();
                    bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
                    break;
                  } // case 8
                  case 18: {
                    name_ = input.readStringRequireUtf8();
                    bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
                    break;
                  } // case 18
                  case 26: {
                    email_ = input.readStringRequireUtf8();
                    bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
                    break;
                  } // case 26
                  case 34: {
                    com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber m =
                        input.readMessage(
                            com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.parser(),
                            extensionRegistry);
                    if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
                      ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
                      phoneNumber_.add(m);
                    } else {
                      phoneNumberBuilder_.addMessage(m);
                    }
                    break;
                  } // case 34
                  default: {
                    if (!super.parseUnknownField(input, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
                      done = true; // was an endgroup tag
                    }
                    break;
                  } // default:
                } // switch (tag)
              } // while (!done)
            } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
              throw e.unwrapIOException();
            } finally {
              onChanged();
            } // finally
            return this;
          }
          private int bitField0_;
    
          private int id_ ;
          /**
           * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
           * @return The id.
           */
          @java.lang.Override
          public int getId() {
            return id_;
          }
          /**
           * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
           * @param value The id to set.
           * @return This builder for chaining.
           */
          public Builder setId(int value) {
    
            id_ = value;
            bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
            onChanged();
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
           * @return This builder for chaining.
           */
          public Builder clearId() {
            bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
            id_ = 0;
            onChanged();
            return this;
          }
    
          private java.lang.Object name_ = "";
          /**
           * <code>string name = 2;</code>
           * @return The name.
           */
          public java.lang.String getName() {
            java.lang.Object ref = name_;
            if (!(ref instanceof java.lang.String)) {
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
                  (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
              java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
              name_ = s;
              return s;
            } else {
              return (java.lang.String) ref;
            }
          }
          /**
           * <code>string name = 2;</code>
           * @return The bytes for name.
           */
          public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
              getNameBytes() {
            java.lang.Object ref = name_;
            if (ref instanceof String) {
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
                  com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                      (java.lang.String) ref);
              name_ = b;
              return b;
            } else {
              return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
            }
          }
          /**
           * <code>string name = 2;</code>
           * @param value The name to set.
           * @return This builder for chaining.
           */
          public Builder setName(
              java.lang.String value) {
            if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
            name_ = value;
            bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
            onChanged();
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>string name = 2;</code>
           * @return This builder for chaining.
           */
          public Builder clearName() {
            name_ = getDefaultInstance().getName();
            bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
            onChanged();
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>string name = 2;</code>
           * @param value The bytes for name to set.
           * @return This builder for chaining.
           */
          public Builder setNameBytes(
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
            if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
            checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);
            name_ = value;
            bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
            onChanged();
            return this;
          }
    
          private java.lang.Object email_ = "";
          /**
           * <code>string email = 3;</code>
           * @return The email.
           */
          public java.lang.String getEmail() {
            java.lang.Object ref = email_;
            if (!(ref instanceof java.lang.String)) {
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
                  (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
              java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
              email_ = s;
              return s;
            } else {
              return (java.lang.String) ref;
            }
          }
          /**
           * <code>string email = 3;</code>
           * @return The bytes for email.
           */
          public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
              getEmailBytes() {
            java.lang.Object ref = email_;
            if (ref instanceof String) {
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
                  com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                      (java.lang.String) ref);
              email_ = b;
              return b;
            } else {
              return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
            }
          }
          /**
           * <code>string email = 3;</code>
           * @param value The email to set.
           * @return This builder for chaining.
           */
          public Builder setEmail(
              java.lang.String value) {
            if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
            email_ = value;
            bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
            onChanged();
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>string email = 3;</code>
           * @return This builder for chaining.
           */
          public Builder clearEmail() {
            email_ = getDefaultInstance().getEmail();
            bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
            onChanged();
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>string email = 3;</code>
           * @param value The bytes for email to set.
           * @return This builder for chaining.
           */
          public Builder setEmailBytes(
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
            if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
            checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);
            email_ = value;
            bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
            onChanged();
            return this;
          }
    
          private java.util.List<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber> phoneNumber_ =
            java.util.Collections.emptyList();
          private void ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable() {
            if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
              phoneNumber_ = new java.util.ArrayList<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber>(phoneNumber_);
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
             }
          }
    
          private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<
              com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder> phoneNumberBuilder_;
    
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public java.util.List<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber> getPhoneNumberList() {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(phoneNumber_);
            } else {
              return phoneNumberBuilder_.getMessageList();
            }
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public int getPhoneNumberCount() {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              return phoneNumber_.size();
            } else {
              return phoneNumberBuilder_.getCount();
            }
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber getPhoneNumber(int index) {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              return phoneNumber_.get(index);
            } else {
              return phoneNumberBuilder_.getMessage(index);
            }
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public Builder setPhoneNumber(
              int index, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber value) {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              if (value == null) {
                throw new NullPointerException();
              }
              ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
              phoneNumber_.set(index, value);
              onChanged();
            } else {
              phoneNumberBuilder_.setMessage(index, value);
            }
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public Builder setPhoneNumber(
              int index, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder builderForValue) {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
              phoneNumber_.set(index, builderForValue.build());
              onChanged();
            } else {
              phoneNumberBuilder_.setMessage(index, builderForValue.build());
            }
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public Builder addPhoneNumber(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber value) {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              if (value == null) {
                throw new NullPointerException();
              }
              ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
              phoneNumber_.add(value);
              onChanged();
            } else {
              phoneNumberBuilder_.addMessage(value);
            }
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public Builder addPhoneNumber(
              int index, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber value) {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              if (value == null) {
                throw new NullPointerException();
              }
              ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
              phoneNumber_.add(index, value);
              onChanged();
            } else {
              phoneNumberBuilder_.addMessage(index, value);
            }
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public Builder addPhoneNumber(
              com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder builderForValue) {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
              phoneNumber_.add(builderForValue.build());
              onChanged();
            } else {
              phoneNumberBuilder_.addMessage(builderForValue.build());
            }
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public Builder addPhoneNumber(
              int index, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder builderForValue) {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
              phoneNumber_.add(index, builderForValue.build());
              onChanged();
            } else {
              phoneNumberBuilder_.addMessage(index, builderForValue.build());
            }
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public Builder addAllPhoneNumber(
              java.lang.Iterable<? extends com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber> values) {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
              com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.addAll(
                  values, phoneNumber_);
              onChanged();
            } else {
              phoneNumberBuilder_.addAllMessages(values);
            }
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public Builder clearPhoneNumber() {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              phoneNumber_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
              bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
              onChanged();
            } else {
              phoneNumberBuilder_.clear();
            }
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public Builder removePhoneNumber(int index) {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
              phoneNumber_.remove(index);
              onChanged();
            } else {
              phoneNumberBuilder_.remove(index);
            }
            return this;
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder getPhoneNumberBuilder(
              int index) {
            return getPhoneNumberFieldBuilder().getBuilder(index);
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder getPhoneNumberOrBuilder(
              int index) {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              return phoneNumber_.get(index);  } else {
              return phoneNumberBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder(index);
            }
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public java.util.List<? extends com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder> 
               getPhoneNumberOrBuilderList() {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ != null) {
              return phoneNumberBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilderList();
            } else {
              return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(phoneNumber_);
            }
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder addPhoneNumberBuilder() {
            return getPhoneNumberFieldBuilder().addBuilder(
                com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.getDefaultInstance());
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder addPhoneNumberBuilder(
              int index) {
            return getPhoneNumberFieldBuilder().addBuilder(
                index, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.getDefaultInstance());
          }
          /**
           * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
           */
          public java.util.List<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder> 
               getPhoneNumberBuilderList() {
            return getPhoneNumberFieldBuilder().getBuilderList();
          }
          private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<
              com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder> 
              getPhoneNumberFieldBuilder() {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
              phoneNumberBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<
                  com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder>(
                      phoneNumber_,
                      ((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0),
                      getParentForChildren(),
                      isClean());
              phoneNumber_ = null;
            }
            return phoneNumberBuilder_;
          }
          @java.lang.Override
          public final Builder setUnknownFields(
              final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
            return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
          }
    
          @java.lang.Override
          public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
              final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
            return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
          }
    
    
          // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:User)
        }
    
        // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:User)
        private static final com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
        static {
          DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User();
        }
    
        public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User getDefaultInstance() {
          return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
        }
    
        private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<User>
            PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<User>() {
          @java.lang.Override
          public User parsePartialFrom(
              com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
              com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
              throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
            Builder builder = newBuilder();
            try {
              builder.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
            } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
              throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
            } catch (com.google.protobuf.UninitializedMessageException e) {
              throw e.asInvalidProtocolBufferException().setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
            } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
              throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(e)
                  .setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
            }
            return builder.buildPartial();
          }
        };
    
        public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<User> parser() {
          return PARSER;
        }
    
        @java.lang.Override
        public com.google.protobuf.Parser<User> getParserForType() {
          return PARSER;
        }
    
        @java.lang.Override
        public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User getDefaultInstanceForType() {
          return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
        }
    
      }
    
      private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
        internal_static_User_descriptor;
      private static final 
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
          internal_static_User_fieldAccessorTable;
      private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
        internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_descriptor;
      private static final 
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
          internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_fieldAccessorTable;
    
      public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
          getDescriptor() {
        return descriptor;
      }
      private static  com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
          descriptor;
      static {
        java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
          "\n\nUser.proto\"\302\001\n\004User\022\n\n\002id\030\001 \001(\005\022\014\n\004nam" +
          "e\030\002 \001(\t\022\r\n\005email\030\003 \001(\t\022&\n\013phoneNumber\030\004 " +
          "\003(\0132\021.User.PhoneNumber\032<\n\013PhoneNumber\022\035\n" +
          "\004type\030\001 \001(\0162\017.User.PhoneType\022\016\n\006number\030\002" +
          " \001(\t\"+\n\tPhoneType\022\n\n\006MOBILE\020\000\022\010\n\004HOME\020\001\022" +
          "\010\n\004WORK\020\002B*\n\022com.yyp.test.protoB\tUserPro" +
          "toP\000\210\001\000\240\001\001\330\001\001b\006proto3"
        };
        descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
          .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
            new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
            });
        internal_static_User_descriptor =
          getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
        internal_static_User_fieldAccessorTable = new
          com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
            internal_static_User_descriptor,
            new java.lang.String[] { "Id", "Name", "Email", "PhoneNumber", });
        internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_descriptor =
          internal_static_User_descriptor.getNestedTypes().get(0);
        internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_fieldAccessorTable = new
          com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
            internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_descriptor,
            new java.lang.String[] { "Type", "Number", });
      }
    
      // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
    }

###  ###

--------------------

## 总结 ##

[https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/][protoc]

[Go微服务（二）——Protobuf详细入门-腾讯云开发者社区-腾讯云][Go_Protobuf_-_-]

[70f38d936ca54cdb9b7c11c5dab1c7a0.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/01/30/ece0cca01b8a4a7ea54a3b7383f955bc.png
[8aeab0f17cf844fbad2ed8fc42cd9998.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/01/30/8f7a2f30485e49c78f821d6c617c1237.png
[protoc]: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/
[e4100efc0c114bb9b21ae3e82f075014.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/01/30/1ebf988a391f43b0a99af661507506d6.png
[Go_Protobuf_-_-]: https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/2266205