postman模拟post请求的四种请求体

悠悠 2023-10-18 17:56 83阅读 0赞

来源:[https://blog.csdn.net/m0\_37556444/article/details/82845694][https_blog.csdn.net_m0_37556444_article_details_82845694]

postman的几种参数格式

> post类型的body中可以存放任意的内容格式，浏览器可以根据请求头中指定的content-type类型对请求体进行解析。下面介绍postman如何对四种典型的请求体进行模拟。

**1. form-data**  
即multipart/form-data，它将表单的数据组织成Key-Value形式，用分隔符boundary（boundary可任意设置）处理成一条消息。  
由于有boundary隔离，所以既可以上传文件，也可以上传参数。

![webp][]

POST  HTTP/1.1
    Host: test.app.com
    Cache-Control: no-cache
    Postman-Token: 59227787-c438-361d-fbe1-75feeb78047e
    Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
    
    ------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
    Content-Disposition: form-data; name="filekey"; filename=""
    Content-Type: 
    
    
    ------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
    Content-Disposition: form-data; name="textkey"
    
    tttttt
    ------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

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请求体中的boundary参数指定的就是分隔体，可以看到请求内容被分为了两段，第一段对应filekey，第二段对应textkey。

**2. x-www-form-urlencoded**  
即application/x-www-from-urlencoded，将表单内的数据转换为Key-Value。

![在这里插入图片描述][webp 1]

POST  HTTP/1.1
    Host: test.app.com
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    Cache-Control: no-cache
    Postman-Token: e00dbaf5-15e8-3667-6fc5-48ee3cc89758
    
    key1=value1&key2=value2

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**3. raw**  
可以上传任意格式的【文本】，可以上传text、json、xml、html等

![在这里插入图片描述][webp 2]

POST  HTTP/1.1
    Host: test.app.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    Cache-Control: no-cache
    Postman-Token: 05a064d2-fa79-10c0-caba-15ca5d1a940f
    
    {"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"}

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**4. binary**  
即Content-Type:application/octet-stream，只可以上传二进制数据，通常用来上传文件。由于没有键值，所以一次只能上传一个文件。

![在这里插入图片描述][webp 3]

POST  HTTP/1.1
    Host: test.app.com
    Cache-Control: no-cache
    Postman-Token: 5ad66f08-6faa-aba0-744a-ca958b1a0fc2
    
    undefined

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提醒：  
multipart/form-data与x-www-form-urlencoded区别：  
　　html中的form 表单有两种：application/x-www-form-urlencoded和multipart/form-data。application/x-www-form-urlencoded是默认的MIME内容编码类型，它在传输比较大的二进制或者文本数据时效率极低。

MIME:  
简单说，MIME类型就是设定某种扩展名的文件用一种应用程序来打开的方式类型。服务器会将它们发送的多媒体数据的类型告诉浏览器，而通知手段就是说明该多媒体数据的MIME类型，服务器将 MIME标志符放入传送的数据中来告诉浏览器使用哪种插件读取相关文件。

multipart/form-data：既可以上传文件等二进制数据，也可以上传表单键值对，只是最后会转化为一条信息。当设置multipart/form-data，http会忽略 contentType 属性。

x-www-form-urlencoded：只能上传键值对，不能用于文件上传。不同的field是用&区分开的。这两个类均实现了HttpEntity接口，使用如下：

public static String testUpload(String url) {
            String result = null;
            CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
            try {
                FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));
                StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
                HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment)
                        .build();
                httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
                System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
                CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
                try {
                    int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
                    if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                        result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
                    }
                } finally {
                    response.close();
                    httpclient.close();
                }
            } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    httpclient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        public static String testParam(String url) {
            String result = null;
            CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            httpclient = HttpsHelper.newHttpsCloseableClient();
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key1", "value1"));
            params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key2", "value2"));
            try {
                httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params));
                httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
                CloseableHttpResponse httpResp = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
                try {
                    int statusCode = httpResp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
                    if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                        result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResp.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
                    }
                } finally {
                    httpResp.close();
                    httpclient.close();
                }
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    httpclient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

[https_blog.csdn.net_m0_37556444_article_details_82845694]: https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37556444/article/details/82845694
[webp]: https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/2677049-e39abd0efc034549.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/890/format/webp
[webp 1]: https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/2677049-cd98f8c3517160fa.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/930/format/webp
[webp 2]: https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/2677049-b542134b79f115f5.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/702/format/webp
[webp 3]: https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/2677049-725d4fa44d41894c.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/468/format/webp