mingw命令行编译示例

以你之姓@ 2023-10-17 19:00 9阅读 0赞

如果你正在学习c++ cookbook，那这篇文章对你会很有帮助

在阅读本文之前，请先看这篇文章

[http://blog.csdn.net/dcmilan/article/details/7983697][http_blog.csdn.net_dcmilan_article_details_7983697]

### 1. 准备工作 ###

#### 1.1创建3个文件夹 ####

johnpaul, georgeringo, hellobeatles

#### 1.2加入源文件 ####

根据注释提示的目录创建源文件

// johnpaul/john.hpp
    
    #ifndef JOHN_HPP_INCLUDED
    
    #define JOHN_HPP_INCLUDED
    
     
    
    void john( ); // Prints "John, "
    
     
    
    #endif // JOHN_HPP_INCLUDED
    
    ---------------------------------------------
    
    // johnpaul/john.cpp
    
    #include <iostream>
    
    #include "john.hpp"
    
     
    
    void john( )
    
    {
    
       std::cout << "John, ";
    
    }
    
    ---------------------------------------------
    
    // johnpaul/paul.hpp
    
    #ifndef PAUL_HPP_INCLUDED
    
    #define PAUL_HPP_INCLUDED
    
     
    
    void paul( ); // Prints " Paul, "
    
     
    
    #endif // PAUL_HPP_INCLUDED
    
    ---------------------------------------------
    
    // johnpaul/paul.cpp
    
    #include <iostream>
    
    #include "paul.hpp"
    
     
    
    void paul( )
    
    {
    
       std::cout << "Paul, ";
    
    }
    
    ---------------------------------------------
    
    // johnpaul/johnpaul.hpp
    
    #ifndef JOHNPAUL_HPP_INCLUDED
    
    #define JOHNPAUL_HPP_INCLUDED
    
     
    
    void johnpaul( ); // Prints "John, Paul, "
    
     
    
    #endif // JOHNPAUL_HPP_INCLUDED
    
    ---------------------------------------------
    
    // johnpaul/johnpaul.cpp
    
     
    
    #include "john.hpp"
    
    #include "paul.hpp"
    
    #include "johnpaul.hpp"
    
     
    
    void johnpaul( )
    
    {
    
       john( );
    
       paul( );
    
    }
    
    ---------------------------------------------
    
    // georgeringo/george.hpp
    
    #ifndef GEORGE_HPP_INCLUDED
    
    #define GEORGE_HPP_INCLUDED
    
     
    
    void george( ); // Prints "George, "
    
     
    
    #endif // GEORGE_HPP_INCLUDED
    
    ---------------------------------------------
    
    // georgeringo/george.cpp
    
    #include <iostream>
    
    #include "george.hpp"
    
     
    
    void george( )
    
    {
    
       std::cout << "George, ";
    
    }
    
    ---------------------------------------------
    
    // georgeringo/ringo.hpp
    
    #ifndef RINGO_HPP_INCLUDED
    
    #define RINGO_HPP_INCLUDED
    
     
    
    void ringo( ); // Prints "and Ringo\n"
    
     
    
    #endif // RINGO_HPP_INCLUDED
    
    ---------------------------------------------
    
    // georgeringo/ringo.cpp
    
    #include <iostream>
    
    #include "ringo.hpp"
    
     
    
    void ringo( )
    
    {
    
       std::cout << "and Ringo\n";
    
    }
    
    ---------------------------------------------
    
    // georgeringo/georgeringo.hpp
    
    #ifndef GEORGERINGO_HPP_INCLUDED
    
    #define GEORGERINGO_HPP_INCLUDED
    
    // define GEORGERINGO_DLL when building libgerogreringo.dll
    
    # if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__GNUC__)
    
    # ifdef GEORGERINGO_DLL
    
    # define GEORGERINGO_DECL _ _declspec(dllexport)
    
    # else
    
    # define GEORGERINGO_DECL _ _declspec(dllimport)
    
    # endif
    
    # endif // WIN32
    
    #ifndef GEORGERINGO_DECL
    
    # define GEORGERINGO_DECL
    
    #endif
    
    // Prints "George, and Ringo\n"
    
    #ifdef __MWERKS__
    
    # pragma export on
    
    #endif
    
     
    
    GEORGERINGO_DECL void georgeringo( );
    
     
    
    #ifdef __MWERKS__
    
    # pragma export off
    
    #endif
    
    #endif // GEORGERINGO_HPP_INCLUDED
    
    ---------------------------------------------
    
    // georgeringo/ georgeringo.cpp
    
    #include "george.hpp"
    
    #include "ringo.hpp"
    
    #include "georgeringo.hpp"
    
     
    
    void georgeringo( )
    
    {
    
       george( );
    
       ringo( );
    
    }
    
    ---------------------------------------------
    
    // hellobeatles/ hellobeatles.cpp
    
    #include "../johnpaul/johnpaul.hpp"
    
    #include "../georgeringo/georgeringo.hpp"
    
     
    
    int main( )
    
    {
    
       // Prints "John, Paul, George, and Ringo\n"
    
       johnpaul( );
    
       georgeringo( );
    
    }

### 2. 生成目标文件 ###

在cmd下，进入每个cpp对应得目录运用g++命令

为每个cpp创建目标文件

命令格式：g++ -c –o john.o john.cpp或g++ -c john.cpp，这样就会默认生成与cpp同名的.o文件

一共有7个cpp，对应生成7个.o文件

![1350611982_1405.png][]

### 3. 生成静态库 ###

使用johnpaul文件夹中的文件生成静态库

命令格式为：ar ru libjohnpaul.a john.o paul.o johnpaul.o

生成的.a文件就是静态库

ar归档(archiver)的目的就是为了把多个.o文件打包，这样看起来更加清爽，也便于传播

### 4. 生成动态库 ###

使用georgeringo文件夹中的文件生成动态库(dll)

命令格式为：g++ -shared –fPIC –o libgeorgeringo.so george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

生成了一个.so文件，然后继续下面的命令(so代表shared object)

g++ -shared –o libgeorgeringo.dll Wl,--out-implib,libgeorgeringo.a –Wl,--export-all-symbols –Wl,--enable-auto-image-base george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

这个生成的dll一会要放到生成的exe对应的文件夹里

### 5. 生成可执行文件 ###

切换到hellobeatles文件夹

命令：g++ -o hellobeatles hellobeatles.o ../johnpaul/libjohnpaul.a ../georgeringo/libgeorgeringo.a

生成可执行文件hellobeatles.exe

将georgeringo文件夹中的dll拷贝到可执行文件的目录下，然后运行显示

John, Paul, George, and Ringo

### 6.完整执行过程 ###

Microsoft Windows \[版本 6.1.7600\]

C:\\Users\\ztn>cd D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\johnpaul

C:\\Users\\ztn>d:

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\johnpaul>dir /w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\johnpaul的目录

\[.\] \[..\] john.cpp john.hpp johnpaul.cpp

johnpaul.hpp paul.cpp paul.hpp

6 个文件 819字节

2 个目录 117,802,258,432可用字节

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\johnpaul>g++ -c -o john.o john.cpp

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\johnpaul>g++ -c -o paul.o paul.cpp

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\johnpaul>g++ -c -o johnpaul.o johnpaul.cp

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\johnpaul>ar ru libjohnpaul.a john.o paul.

johnpaul.o

ar: creating libjohnpaul.a

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\johnpaul>ranlib libjohnpaul.a

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\johnpaul>cd..

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles>cd georgeringo

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo的目录

\[.\] \[..\] george.cpp george.hpp

georgeringo.cpp georgeringo.hpp ringo.cpp ringo.hpp

6 个文件 1,356字节

2 个目录 117,802,246,144可用字节

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo>g++ -c -o george.o george.cpp

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo>g++ -c -o ringo.o ringo.cpp

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo>g++ -c -o georgeringo.o georg

ringo.cpp

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo>g++ -shared -fPIC -o libgeorg

ringo.so george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo>g++ -shared -o libgeorgeringo

dll -Wl,--out-implib,libgeorgeringo.a -Wl,--export-all-symbols -Wl,--enable-aut

\-image-base george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

Creating library file: libgeorgeringo.a

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo>cd..

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles>cd hellobeatles

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\hellobeatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\hellobeatles的目录

\[.\] \[..\] hellobeatles.cpp

1 个文件 213字节

2 个目录 117,794,668,544可用字节

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\hellobeatles>g++ -c -o hellobeatles.o hel

obeatles.cpp

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\hellobeatles>g++ -o hellobeatles hellobea

les.o ../johnpaul/libjohnpaul.a ../georgeringo/libgeorgeringo.a

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\hellobeatles>hellobeatles

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\hellobeatles>cd..

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles的目录

\[.\] \[..\] \[binaries\] \[georgeringo\] \[hellobeatles\]

\[johnpaul\]

0 个文件 0字节

6 个目录 117,790,896,128可用字节

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles>cd georgeringo

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo的目录

\[.\] \[..\] george.cpp

george.hpp george.o georgeringo.cpp

georgeringo.hpp georgeringo.o libgeorgeringo.a

libgeorgeringo.dll libgeorgeringo.so ringo.cpp

ringo.hpp ringo.o

12 个文件 7,568,495字节

2 个目录 117,790,896,128可用字节

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo>cd..

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles的目录

\[.\] \[..\] \[binaries\] \[georgeringo\] \[hellobeatles\]

\[johnpaul\]

0 个文件 0字节

6 个目录 117,790,896,128可用字节

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles>cd johnpaul

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\johnpaul>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\johnpaul的目录

\[.\] \[..\] john.cpp john.hpp john.o

johnpaul.cpp johnpaul.hpp johnpaul.o paul.cpp paul.hpp

paul.o

9 个文件 4,293字节

2 个目录 117,790,896,128可用字节

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\johnpaul>ar ru libjohnpaul.a john.o paul.

johnpaul.o

ar: creating libjohnpaul.a

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\johnpaul>cd..

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles的目录

\[.\] \[..\] \[binaries\] \[georgeringo\] \[hellobeatles\]

\[johnpaul\]

0 个文件 0字节

6 个目录 117,798,457,344可用字节

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles>cd georgeringo

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo的目录

\[.\] \[..\] george.cpp george.hpp

george.o georgeringo.cpp georgeringo.hpp georgeringo.o

ringo.cpp ringo.hpp ringo.o

9 个文件 4,851字节

2 个目录 117,798,457,344可用字节

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo>g++ -shared -fPIC -o libgeorg

ringo.so george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo>g++ -shared -o libgeorgeringo

dll -Wl,--out-implib,libgeorgeringo.a -Wl,--export-all-symbols -Wl,--enable-aut

\-image-base george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

Creating library file: libgeorgeringo.a

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\georgeringo>cd..

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles的目录

\[.\] \[..\] \[binaries\] \[georgeringo\] \[hellobeatles\]

\[johnpaul\]

0 个文件 0字节

6 个目录 117,794,660,352可用字节

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles>cd hellobeatles

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\hellobeatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\hellobeatles的目录

\[.\] \[..\] hellobeatles.cpp hellobeatles.o

2 个文件 899字节

2 个目录 117,794,660,352可用字节

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\hellobeatles>g++ -o hellobeatles hellobea

les.o ../johnpaul/libjohnpaul.a ../georgeringo/libgeorgeringo.a

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\hellobeatles>hellobeatles

John, Paul, George, and Ringo

D:\\Exercise\\CookExample\\Chap1\\beatles\\hellobeatles>

### 7. 补充：以mytime0为例(代码来自cpp primer plus 5th edition) ###

1.配置好gcc的环境变量之后，建立一个文件夹，里面有3个文件。

![1350434879_8247.png][]

2.复制代码，点击下面的view plain按钮可以复制没有行号的代码

// mytime0.cpp  -- implementing Time methods
    #include <iostream>
    #include "mytime0.h"
    
    Time::Time()
    {
        hours = minutes = 0;
    }
    
    Time::Time(int h, int m )
    {
        hours = h;
        minutes = m;
    }
    
    void Time::AddMin(int m)
    {
        minutes += m;
        hours += minutes / 60;
        minutes %= 60;
    }
    void Time::AddHr(int h)
    {
        hours += h;
    }
    
    void Time::Reset(int h, int m)
    {
        hours = h;
        minutes = m;
    }
    
    Time Time::Sum(const Time & t) const
    {
        Time sum;
        sum.minutes = minutes + t.minutes;
        sum.hours = hours + t.hours + sum.minutes / 60;
        sum.minutes %= 60;
        return sum;
    }
    
    void Time::Show() const
    {
        std::cout << hours << " hours, " << minutes << " minutes";
    }

// mytime0.h -- Time class before operator overloading
    #ifndef MYTIME0_H_
    #define MYTIME0_H_
    
    class Time
    {
    private:
        int hours;
        int minutes;
    public:
        Time();
        Time(int h, int m = 0);
        void AddMin(int m);
        void AddHr(int h);
        void Reset(int h = 0, int m = 0);
        Time Sum(const Time & t) const;
        void Show() const;
    };
    #endif

// usetime0.cpp -- using the first draft of the Time class
    // compile usetime0.cpp and mytime0.cpp together
    #include <iostream>
    #include "mytime0.h"
    
    int main()
    {
        using std::cout;
        using std::endl;
        Time planning;
        Time coding(2, 40);
        Time fixing(5, 55);
    	Time total;
    
        cout << "planning time = ";
        planning.Show();
        cout << endl;
     
        cout << "coding time = ";
        coding.Show();
        cout << endl;
        
        cout << "fixing time = ";
        fixing.Show();
        cout << endl;
    
        total = coding.Sum(fixing);
        cout << "coding.Sum(fixing) = ";
        total.Show();
        cout << endl;
       
        return 0;
    }

3.进入CMD并切换到指定文件夹

![1350435173_6648.png][]

4.将cpp编译成object文件，头文件会自动被调用，不用管他

编译之后会生成两个.o文件

![1350435315_3927.png][]

5.连接object文件生成exe。执行time命令就可以看到系统当前时间

整个编译连接的过程非常繁琐，需要细致的键入命令和文件名

![1350442917_9182.png][]

6.直接生成exe，只要这样一条命令也是可以的

![1350443041_3923.png][]

[http_blog.csdn.net_dcmilan_article_details_7983697]: http://blog.csdn.net/dcmilan/article/details/7983697
[1350611982_1405.png]: https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201210/19/1350611982_1405.png
[1350434879_8247.png]: https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201210/17/1350434879_8247.png
[1350435173_6648.png]: https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201210/17/1350435173_6648.png
[1350435315_3927.png]: https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201210/17/1350435315_3927.png
[1350442917_9182.png]: https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201210/17/1350442917_9182.png
[1350443041_3923.png]: https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201210/17/1350443041_3923.png