【C++】基于C＋＋的封装和运算符重载的思想，实现基于通讯录类的数据查询工作

矫情吗；* 2023-10-17 15:10 4阅读 0赞

#### 一、实验项目内容 ####

1、实现通讯录条目类（姓名、性别和电话号码），并为每个属性设置 set和get方法，并实现输入／输出运算符重载功能；
    
    2、从通讯录的文本文件“record.txt”中读取数据放到通讯录条目类实例化的对象中，并合理组织存储结果方便查找。其文件样例如下，文件第一行为通讯录中人员的个数n，从第二行到第n+1行是n个通讯录； 每个通讯录占1行，每行依次为人员姓名、性别和电话号码，每个属性间以空格隔开。
        3
        张三 男 123456
        李四 女 654321
        张三 男 654321
    
    3、从文本文件“query.txt”，查询指定列的数据，样例如下，只有1行，第1个数据是指查询的数据在“record.txt”对应的列数，第二个数据是查询的关键词。
        1 张三
    
    4、将查询到的结果输出到“result.txt”文件中，根据前面的“record.txt”和“query.txt”的样例，“result.txt”输出样例如下，注意将查到所有    的结果都输出。
        张三 男 123456
        张三 男 654321

#### 二、实验过程或算法 ####

**程序流程图：**  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

**Member.h:**

#ifndef MEMBER_H
    #define MEMBER_H
    
    #include <iostream>
    #include <string>
    using namespace std;
    
    class Member {                           //成员remeber相关信息类
    
    private:
        string name;
        string gender;
        string tel;
    
    public:
    
        Member();                           //默认构造函数
    
        Member(string name,string gender,string tel);  //构造函数
    
        string getGender();                //Getting and setting
    
        string getName();
    
        string getTel();
    
        void setGender(string gender);
    
        void setName(string name) ;
    
        void setTel(string tel);
    
    };
    #endif

**Member.cpp**

#include "Member.h"
    
    Member::Member() {                     //默认构造函数
        this->name = "NULL";
        this->gender = "NULL";
        this->tel = "NULL";
    }
    
    Member::Member(string name, string gender, string tel) {    //构造函数
        this->name = name;
        this->gender = gender;
        this->tel = tel;
    }
    /*
     * Getting and setting
     * */
    string Member::getGender()  {
        return gender;
    }
    
    string Member::getName()  {
        return name;
    }
    
    string Member::getTel()  {
        return tel;
    }
    void Member::setGender(string gender) {
        this->gender = gender;
    }
    
    void Member::setName(string name) {
        this->name = name;
    }
    
    void Member::setTel(string tel) {
        this->tel = tel;
    }

**QueryManger.h:**

#ifndef QUERYMANGER_H
    #define QUERYMANGER_H
    
    #include <iostream>
    #include <string>
    #include <list>
    #include <fstream>
    #include <sstream>
    #include "Member.h"
    using namespace std;
    
    class QueryManger{                                                       //封装查询类：QueryManger
    public:
        QueryManger(list<Member> members,string queryL,string queryInfo);    //构造函数
    
        list<Member> getMembers();                                           //getting
    
        void queryNmae();                                                    //查询Name
        void queryGender();                                                  //查询Gender
        void queryTel();                                                     //查询Telephone
    
        friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const QueryManger& queryManger) ;
        friend istream& operator>>(istream& input, QueryManger& queryManger) ;
    
    
    private:
        list<Member> members;                                                //查询对象集合
        list<Member>::iterator it;
        list<Member> queryMembers;                                           //查询结果集合
        string queryL;                                                       //查询所在列
        string queryInfo;                                                    //查询的信息
    };
    #endif

**QueryManger.cpp:**

#include "QueryManger.h"
    
    QueryManger::QueryManger(list<Member> members, string queryL,   //构造函数
            string queryInfo) {
        this->members = members;
        this->queryL = queryL;
        this->queryInfo = queryInfo;
    
        this->queryMembers=getMembers();
    }
    
    list<Member> QueryManger::getMembers() {                        //getting查询结果
        if (queryL == "1") {
            queryNmae();                                            //第一列==Nmae
        }
        if (queryL == "2") {                                        //第二列==Gender
            queryGender();
        }
        if (queryL == "3") {
            queryTel();                                             //第三列==Telephone
        }
        return queryMembers;
    }
    
    void QueryManger::queryNmae() {                                //查询Name
        for (it = members.begin(); it != members.end(); it++) {
            Member temp = *it;
            if (temp.getName().compare(queryInfo) == 0) {
                queryMembers.push_back(temp);
            }
        }
    }
    void QueryManger::queryGender() {                            //查询Gender
        for (it = members.begin(); it != members.end(); it++) {
            Member temp = *it;
            if (temp.getGender().compare(queryInfo) == 0) {
                queryMembers.push_back(temp);
            }
        }
    }
    void QueryManger::queryTel() {                               //查询Telephone
        for (it = members.begin(); it != members.end(); it++) {
            Member temp = *it;
            if (temp.getTel().compare(queryInfo) == 0) {
                queryMembers.push_back(temp);
            }
        }
    }
    
    ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const QueryManger& queryManger){
    
        list<Member> it=queryManger.queryMembers;
        cout<<"询信息:"<<queryManger.queryL<<" "<<queryManger.queryInfo<<"\n查询结果："<<endl;
        ofstream fout("result.txt");          //查询结果写入文件
    
        while(it.size()!=0){
            fout<<it.front().getName()<<" "<<it.front().getGender()<<" "<<it.front().getTel()<<endl;
            output<<it.front().getName()<<" "<<it.front().getGender()<<" "<<it.front().getTel()<<endl;
            it.pop_front();
        }
    
        fout.close();
        return output;
    }
    
    istream& operator>>(istream& input, QueryManger& queryManger) {
        Member in;
        string temp;
        cout << "Please input name:";
        input >> temp;
        in.setName(temp);
        cout << "Please input gender:";
        input>> temp;
        in.setGender(temp);
        cout << "Please input tel:";
        input>> temp;
        in.setTel(temp);
    
        queryManger.members.push_back(in);
    
        list<Member> it = queryManger.members;
        ofstream fout("record.txt");          //查询结果写入文件
        fout <<it.size()<< endl;
        while (it.size() != 0) {
            fout << it.front().getName() << " " << it.front().getGender() << " "
                    << it.front().getTel() << endl;
            it.pop_front();
        }
        fout.close();
    
        return input;
    }

**测试类：**

#include <iostream>
    #include <list>
    #include <fstream>
    #include <sstream>
    #include "Member.h"
    #include "QueryManger.h"
    using namespace std;
    
    int main() {
        cout << "!!!Hello,Welcome!!!" <<"\n记录信息为："<< endl; // prints !!!Hello World!!!
        list<Member> members;                  //被查询对象
        list<Member> queryMembers;             //查询结果对象
        list<Member>::iterator it;
    
        string name,gender,tel,queryL,queryInfo; //定义：姓名，性别，电话号码，列，查询信息
        int count=0;
    
        ifstream inRecord("record.txt");       //被查询的文件
        ifstream inQuery("query.txt");         //查询信息
    
        for(string s;getline(inRecord,s);){
            if(count==0){
                count++;
            }
            else {
                cout << s << endl;                                               //输出对象
                istringstream isRecord(s);
                isRecord >> name >> gender >> tel;
    
                Member member(name,gender,tel);
    
                members.push_back(member);                                         //遍历，得到被查寻对象
            }
        }
    
        for (string s; getline(inQuery, s);) {
    
            istringstream isQuery(s);
            isQuery>> queryL >> queryInfo;                                        //得到查询信息
        }
    
        QueryManger queryManger(members,queryL,queryInfo);                        //构造QueryManger
    
    //  queryMembers=queryManger.getMembers();                                    //获取查询结果
    //  cout<<"询信息:"<<queryL<<" "<<queryInfo<<"\n查询结果："<<endl;
        cout<<queryManger;                                                       //重构输出方式,输出查询结果
    //  ofstream fout("result.txt");          //查询结果写入文件
    //  for(it=queryMembers.begin();it!=queryMembers.end();it++){                //
    //      Member temp=*it;
    //      fout<<temp.getName()<<" "<<temp.getGender()<<" "<<temp.getTel()<<endl;
    //      cout<<temp.getName()<<" "<<temp.getGender()<<" "<<temp.getTel()<<endl;
    //  }
    //
    //  fout.close();
    
        cin>>queryManger;                                                        //重构输入方式，写入新的信息
        return 0;
    }

#### 三、实验结果和截图 ####

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 2]

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 3]

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 4]

[SouthEast]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170817221325293?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvYWRtaW5wZA==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast
[SouthEast 1]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170817222057316?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvYWRtaW5wZA==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast
[SouthEast 2]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170817222112128?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvYWRtaW5wZA==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast
[SouthEast 3]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170817222130650?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvYWRtaW5wZA==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast
[SouthEast 4]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170817222142692?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvYWRtaW5wZA==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast