桌面应用自动化WinAppDriver入门

我不是女神ヾ 2023-10-16 09:44 5阅读 0赞

## ![53e089b331f148fc96efcdceec6ec568.png][] ##

## 一、关于WinAppDriver ##

### 1.介绍 ###

*  WinAppDriver全称是Windows Application Driver，它提供了一些API，使得用户可以像selenium操作web一样来操作windows的应用程序
 *  它支持的系统是Windows 10 (Home and Pro) 和Windows Server 2016
 *  源码暂未开源
 *  WinAppDriver可以独立运行，也可以作为appium的一个插件来使用

### 2.支持应用类型 ###

*  **UWP** – Universal Windows Platform, also known as Universal Apps or Modern Apps, It's Microsoft’s latest desktop application technology. It's XAML based. Only runs on Windows 10 machines
 *  **WPF** \- also XAML based, much more mature, runs on any Windows version and has been around since 2006.
 *  **WinForms** \- one of the older technologies, now found mostly on legacy applications.

> WPF和WinForms 是两套界面渲染方式。一个是对传统windows界面元素的封装，通过gdi绘制。另一个是全新的dx渲染绘制的界面，也脱离了对传统windows控件的依赖，没有历史包袱，理论上可以展现更炫酷的界面。

*  **MFC/Classic Windows** \- MFC is a UI library normally paired with Win32 applications. This option is normally chosen when more efficiency is needed with low-level C++ handling or when supporting non-Microsoft platforms.

### 3.资源 ###

*  WinAppDriver  
    https://github.com/microsoft/WinAppDriver/releases/tag/v1.2.1
 *  定位工具FlaUInspect  
    https://github.com/FlaUI/FlaUInspect/releases  
    WinAppDriver
 *  定位工具UIRecorder https://github.com/microsoft/WinAppDriver/tree/master/Tools/UIRecorder
 *  定位工具inspect  
    微软官方工具集成于 Windows SDK

**UIRecorder(下文不涉及,仅供参考与备忘)**

1.  Open WinAppDriverUIRecorder.sln in Visual Studio
2.  Select Debug > Start Debugging or simply Run

### 4.支持的定位方式 ###

![图片][6d54907c2cebfec411bd4e1a3c790da6.png]

## 二、配置 ##

### 1.开启Windows的开发者模式 ###

你没看错，不是手机，windows也有

第一步：搜开发者设置

第二步：打开开发人员模式

![图片][20230724024159.png_origin_url_https_3A_2F_2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn_2Fmmbiz_png_2FTkhJoKVn247xeRFOvBiay9iadM6S60w109Kia9sPcaIbeCylCpOiaicLqJ74a48P0aoacWWTgzvUV9LyiaYC9Da0E9NQ_2F640_pos_id_lZte2s6h]

第三步：确认启用

![图片][20230724024159.png_origin_url_https_3A_2F_2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn_2Fmmbiz_png_2FTkhJoKVn247xeRFOvBiay9iadM6S60w109Os3CddG8kjohynBet0lPs1cpeW6pt5duMEXPAwzWO4H5nQ3fMPibk4g_2F640_pos_id_ahh0Kj98]

### 2.启动WinAppDriver ###

*  不开启开发人员模式的提示

> C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Application Driver>WinAppDriver.exe  
> Developer mode is not enabled. Enable it through Settings and restart Windows Application Driver  
> Failed to initialize: 0x80004005

*  开启后启动winappdriver

> C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Application Driver>WinAppDriver.exe  
> Windows Application Driver listening for requests at: http://127.0.0.1:4723/  
> Press ENTER to exit.

*  还可以这样启动

> WinAppDriver.exe 4727  
> WinAppDriver.exe 10.0.0.10 4725  
> WinAppDriver.exe 10.0.0.10 4723/wd/hub \# 推荐

## 三、实例 ##

appium-python-client 版本不要用2.0+，此处是1.2.0

### 记事本 ###

比如记事本

from appium import webdriver
    des_cap = {}
    des_cap['app'] = r'C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe'
    driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',
                              desired_capabilities=des_cap)
    driver.implicitly_wait(5)
    driver.find_element_by_name('文件(F)').click()
    from time import sleep
    sleep(2)
    driver.find_element_by_name('保存(S)    Ctrl+S').click()
    # driver.find_element_by_name('退出(X)').click()
    sleep(1)
    import pyautogui
    pyautogui.PAUSE = 0.5
    pyautogui.typewrite(r'D:\hello.txt')
    pyautogui.press('enter')

这里的难点是保存(S) Ctrl+S的获取

这里需要用到inspect.exe

![图片][813f7de84261403b496c9fb5137ba2ee.png]

### 计算器 ###

你可能会写这样的代码

from appium import webdriver
    des_cap = {}
    des_cap['app'] = r'C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe'
    driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',
                              desired_capabilities=des_cap)
    driver.implicitly_wait(5)

但会报错

Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "D:/demo_calc.py", line 5, in <module>
        desired_capabilities=des_cap)
      File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\appium\webdriver\webdriver.py", line 157, in __init__
        AppiumConnection(command_executor, keep_alive=keep_alive), desired_capabilities, browser_profile, proxy
      File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 157, in __init__
        self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
      File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\appium\webdriver\webdriver.py", line 226, in start_session
        response = self.execute(RemoteCommand.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
      File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 321, in execute
        self.error_handler.check_response(response)
      File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
        raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
    selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Failed to locate opened application window with appId: C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe, and processId: 4472
    
    进程已结束，退出代码为 1

打开计算器，然后在powershell中执行如下命令

Get-StartApps |Select-String "计算器"
    # 输出
    @{Name=计算器; AppID=Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App} # 你要的是这里的AppID # 同理，记事本你也可以得到其appid，并自动化

代码

from appium import webdriver
    des_cap = {}
    des_cap['app'] = r'Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App'
    driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',
                              desired_capabilities=des_cap)
    driver.implicitly_wait(5)
    driver.find_element_by_name('一').click() # 这些定位你仍然需要inspect
    driver.find_element_by_name('二').click()
    driver.find_element_by_name('加').click()
    driver.find_element_by_name('三').click()
    driver.find_element_by_name('四').click()
    driver.find_element_by_name('等于').click()
    # 通过inspect 获取 automationID 
    print(driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('CalculatorResults').text) # 得到的是   ·显示为 46·  你仍然要处理才能做测试
    
    driver.quit()

就写这么多了，你可以结合你的应用来尝试，封装。我就带到这里。

### 计算器测试（官网） ###

> 我没跑，仅供参考，你可以认为是为了增加篇幅

# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/microsoft/WinAppDriver/master/Samples/Python/calculatortest.py
    import unittest
    from appium import webdriver
    
    class SimpleCalculatorTests(unittest.TestCase):
    
        @classmethod
    
        def setUpClass(self):
            #set up appium
            desired_caps = {}
            desired_caps["app"] = "Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App"
            self.driver = webdriver.Remote(
                command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723',
                desired_capabilities= desired_caps)
    
        @classmethod
        def tearDownClass(self):
            self.driver.quit()
    
        def getresults(self):
            displaytext = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("CalculatorResults").text
            displaytext = displaytext.strip("Display is " )
            displaytext = displaytext.rstrip(' ')
            displaytext = displaytext.lstrip(' ')
            return displaytext
    
    
        def test_initialize(self):
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Clear").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Seven").click()
            self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"7")
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Clear").click()
    
        def test_addition(self):
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Plus").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Seven").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()
            self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"8")
    
        def test_combination(self):
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Seven").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Multiply by").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Nine").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Plus").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Divide by").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Eight").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()
            self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"8")
    
        def test_division(self):
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Eight").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Eight").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Divide by").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()
            self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"8")
    
        def test_multiplication(self):
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Nine").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Multiply by").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Nine").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()
            self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"81") 
    
        def test_subtraction(self):
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Nine").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Minus").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()
            self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()
            self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"8")
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(SimpleCalculatorTests)
        unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)

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[20230724024159.png_origin_url_https_3A_2F_2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn_2Fmmbiz_png_2FTkhJoKVn247xeRFOvBiay9iadM6S60w109Kia9sPcaIbeCylCpOiaicLqJ74a48P0aoacWWTgzvUV9LyiaYC9Da0E9NQ_2F640_pos_id_lZte2s6h]: https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FTkhJoKVn247xeRFOvBiay9iadM6S60w109Kia9sPcaIbeCylCpOiaicLqJ74a48P0aoacWWTgzvUV9LyiaYC9Da0E9NQ%2F640&pos_id=lZte2s6h
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