15 steps to setup Samba Active Directory DC CentOS 8

超、凢脫俗 2023-10-15 09:40 78阅读 0赞

Table of Contents

*  [Lab Environment][]
 *  [1. Pre-requisites][]
    
     *  [1.1 Check FileSystem Support][]
     *  [1.2 Configure hosts file][]
     *  [1.3 Perform Cleanup][]
     *  [1.4 Enable Required Repositories][]
 *  [2. Install Dependency Packages][]
 *  [3. Download latest stable samba build][]
 *  [4. Set environment variable][]
 *  [5. Provisioning Samba Active Directory][]
 *  [6. Configure the DNS Resolver][]
 *  [7. Start Samba Service][]
 *  [8. Verify Samba Service][]
 *  [9. Create Reverse Zone][]
 *  [10. Configure Network Time Synchronization][]
 *  [11. Configuring Kerberos][]
 *  [12. Verifying DNS][]
 *  [13. Verifying Kerberos][]
 *  [14. Configure Firewall][]
 *  [15. Managing Samba AD Domain Controller][]
 *  [Conclusion][]
 *  [References][]

In this tutorial I will share step by step instructions to install and configure Samba as Active Directory Domain Controller (AD DC) using CentOS 8 Linux server. You may also want to look at FreeIPA which may not be a complete alternative to Windows AD but is an integrated Identity and Authentication solution for Linux/UNIX networked environments. You get a GUI access to manage and control all the user authentications and servers in your organization.

Creating an Active Directory DC implies that we need to have many different services (DNS, Kerberos, LDAP, etc.) working in perfect coordination. Luckily the Samba team has done a great job in easing this process, but it is not simple yet.

Samba as an AD DC only supports:

*  Integrated LDAP server as AD back end.
 *  Heimdal Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC).

### Lab Environment ###

I have brought up a CentOS 8 Virtual Machine using Oracle VirtualBox to setup my Samba Domain Controller. Below are the VM specs

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Component</th> 
   <th>Value</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>FQDN</td> 
   <td>samba-ad.example.com</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>IP Address</td> 
   <td>192.168.43.154</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>OS</td> 
   <td>CentOS 8</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>RAM</td> 
   <td>6 GB</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Storage</td> 
   <td>30GB</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>vCPU</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

[ALSO READ:Steps to join/add CentOS 8 to Windows Domain Controller (RHEL 8)][ALSO READ_Steps to join_add CentOS 8 to Windows Domain Controller _RHEL 8]

### 1. Pre-requisites ###

According to the official Samba documentation, there are a few steps we must complete before installing an Active Directory domain controller in Samba.

#### 1.1 Check FileSystem Support ####

To set up shares with extended access control list (ACL) support, the file system hosting the share must have the user and system `xattr` name space enabled. On a Samba Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC), samba-tool verifies this setting automatically for the file system the Sysvol share is created on.

Ensure that your kernel has the following options enabled:

bash

CONFIG_EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL=y
    CONFIG_EXT4_FS_SECURITY=y

To check this, first check the kernel version which is loaded on your server

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# uname -r
    4.18.0-147.5.1.el8_1.x86_64

Next check the boot configuration file of this kernel version

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# grep -E "CONFIG_EXT4_FS_SECURITY|CONFIG_EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL" /boot/config-4.18.0-147.5.1.el8_1.x86_64
    CONFIG_EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL=y
    CONFIG_EXT4_FS_SECURITY=y

#### 1.2 Configure hosts file ####

Verify that the /etc/hosts file on the DC correctly resolves the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) and short host name to the LAN IP address of the DC. For example:

bash

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
    ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
    192.168.43.154  samba-ad        samba-ad.example.com

#### 1.3 Perform Cleanup ####

**If you previously ran a Samba installation on this host or else you can skip this section:**

Verify that no Samba processes are running:

bash

# ps ax | egrep "samba|smbd|nmbd|winbindd

If the output lists any `samba`, `smbd`, `nmbd`, or `winbindd` processes, shut down the processes.

Remove the existing smb.conf file. To list the path to the file:

bash

# smbd -b | grep "CONFIGFILE"
       CONFIGFILE: /usr/local/samba/etc/samba/smb.conf

Remove all Samba database files, such as `*.tdb` and `*.ldb` files. To list the folders containing Samba databases:

bash

# smbd -b | egrep "LOCKDIR|STATEDIR|CACHEDIR|PRIVATE_DIR"
      LOCKDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/lock/
      STATEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/locks/
      CACHEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/cache/
      PRIVATE_DIR: /usr/local/samba/private/

Remove an existing `/etc/krb5.conf` file:

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# rm /etc/krb5.conf
    rm: remove regular file '/etc/krb5.conf'? y

[ALSO READ:Samba Active Directory Setup \[Step-by-Step\]][ALSO READ_Samba Active Directory Setup _Step-by-Step]

#### 1.4 Enable Required Repositories ####

For CentOS 8 we would need following additional repositories apart from the ones which are enabled by default with CentOS 8.

[EPEL repo][] is not part of the default CentOS installation but we can install `epel-release` rpm to install this repo

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# yum -y install epel-release

Next install `dnf-plugins-core` to be able to enable repo using `yum config-manager` and later enable `PowerTools` repo from CentOS

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# yum -y install dnf-plugins-core
    [root@samba-ad ~]# yum config-manager --set-enabled PowerTools

The list of enabled repos on my server.

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# yum repolist

![CentOS 8 repositories for Samba AD][]

CentOS 8 repositories for Samba AD

### 2. Install Dependency Packages ###

Install the following packages to build Samba as an Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC) on a minimal Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8 or CentOS 8 installation:

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# yum -y install docbook-style-xsl gcc gdb gnutls-devel gpgme-devel jansson-devel \
          keyutils-libs-devel krb5-workstation libacl-devel libaio-devel \
          libarchive-devel libattr-devel libblkid-devel libtasn1 libtasn1-tools \
          libxml2-devel libxslt lmdb-devel openldap-devel pam-devel perl \
          perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-Parse-Yapp popt-devel python3-cryptography \
          python3-dns python3-gpg python36-devel readline-devel rpcgen systemd-devel \
          tar zlib-devel

HINT:

The samba package from CentOS 8 only supports Samba as a domain member and NT4 PDC or BDC. Red Hat does not provide packages for running Samba as an AD DC hence we will use samba from the source code to configure samba as active directory

[ALSO READ:Install & configure FreeIPA Server & Client (RHEL/CentOS 7)][ALSO READ_Install _ configure FreeIPA Server _ Client _RHEL_CentOS 7]

### 3. Download latest stable samba build ###

At the time of writing this tutorial, 4.12.5 was the latest available stable samba build. You can manually navigate to [Index of /pub/samba/stable][Index of _pub_samba_stable] and download the latest stable build.

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# wget https://download.samba.org/pub/samba/stable/samba-4.12.5.tar.gz

![Download Samba4][]

Download Samba4

Once downloaded, extract the content of this archive

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# tar -xzvf samba-4.12.5.tar.gz

Change into the directory with the extracted sources:

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# cd samba-4.12.5

The `configure` script is located in the root of the sources directory. The main purpose of the script is to create a `Makefile` which is used by the command make. The `configure` script enables you to set various options, like installation paths. We will execute it without any additional options.

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# ./configure
    <Output trimmed>

If the configure script exits without an error, you see the following output:

bash

'configure' finished successfully (2m32.681s)

If you observe any errors, check the [official documentation][] for more help

To start the compilation, run make as shown below. This may take some time to complete so you can go and have *some coffee* in the mean time.

HINT:

The `make` command is able to run multiple jobs in parallel. For example, to run 2 `make` sub-tasks at the same time to decrease the execution time, run:

bash

# make -j 2

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# make
    <Output trimmed>

If the installation exits without an error, you see the following output:

bash

Waf: Leaving directory `/root/samba-4.12.5/bin/default'
    Build commands will be stored in bin/default/compile_commands.json
    'build' finished successfully (32m20.012s)

To install the compiled software, you require root permissions to write to the destination directories and set the correct permissions.

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# make install
    <Output trimmed>

If the installation exits without an error, you see the following output:

bash

Waf: Leaving directory `/root/samba-4.12.5/bin/default'
    Build commands will be stored in bin/default/compile_commands.json
    'install' finished successfully (8m56.726s)

[ALSO READ:9 easy steps to create custom ISO RHEL/CentOS 8][ALSO READ_9 easy steps to create custom ISO RHEL_CentOS 8]

### 4. Set environment variable ###

If you have defined a custom PATH for your samba binaries with configure then you can modify the `PATH` accordingly. Since I have configure samba Active Directory with default values, I will execute the below command to add the samba binary paths into the PATH variable to avoid writing the full path of the samba commands

bash

export PATH=/usr/local/samba/bin/:/usr/local/samba/sbin/:$PATH

Executing this will update `PATH` variable only for current session, to make this permanent for root user, add this into the user root's `.bash_profile` or if you want normal users also to be able to access samba commands then you can just add this in `/etc/profile`

![update environment variable][]

update environment variable

### 5. Provisioning Samba Active Directory ###

Provisioning consists of setting up all the infrastructure needed for a Samba Active Directory domain to run such as LDAP, Kerberos, and DNS servers. The Samba AD provisioning process creates the AD databases and adds initial records, such as the domain administrator account and required DNS entries.

NOTE:

When provisioning a new AD, it is recommended to enable the NIS extensions by passing the `--use-rfc2307` parameter to the `samba-tool` domain provision command. This enables you to store Unix attributes in AD, such as user IDs (UID), home directories paths, group IDs (GID). Enabling the NIS extensions has no disadvantages. However, enabling them in an existing domain requires manually extending the AD schema.

bash

[root@samba-ad samba-4.12.5]# samba-tool domain provision --use-rfc2307 --interactive --option="interfaces= lo eth1" --option="bind interfaces only=yes"
    Realm [EXAMPLE.COM]:  EXAMPLE.COM  <-- provide the realm name
    Domain [EXAMPLE]:  EXAMPLE  <-- provide the domain name
    Server Role (dc, member, standalone) [dc]:  dc   <-- Since we are configuring samba active directory, we use dc
    DNS backend (SAMBA_INTERNAL, BIND9_FLATFILE, BIND9_DLZ, NONE) [SAMBA_INTERNAL]:  SAMBA_INTERNAL   <-- We will let samba configure it's own DNS and zone files
    DNS forwarder IP address (write 'none' to disable forwarding) [192.168.43.154]:  8.8.8.8   <-- We will use google's dns
    Administrator password:   <-- Provide the Administrator user's password
    Retype password:
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:40:59,849 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #2133: Looking up IPv4 addresses
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:40:59,849 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #2150: Looking up IPv6 addresses
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:01,763 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #2305: Setting up secrets.ldb
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:01,798 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #2311: Setting up the registry
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:01,839 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #2314: Setting up the privileges database
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:01,925 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #2317: Setting up idmap db
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:01,984 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #2324: Setting up SAM db
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:01,998 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #897: Setting up sam.ldb partitions and settings
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:01,999 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #909: Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:02,011 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1338: Pre-loading the Samba 4 and AD schema
    Unable to determine the DomainSID, can not enforce uniqueness constraint on local domainSIDs
    
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:02,075 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1416: Adding DomainDN: DC=example,DC=com
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:02,102 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1448: Adding configuration container
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:02,129 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1463: Setting up sam.ldb schema
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:12,465 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1481: Setting up sam.ldb configuration data
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:13,108 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1522: Setting up display specifiers
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:20,575 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1530: Modifying display specifiers and extended rights
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:20,714 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1537: Adding users container
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:20,719 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1543: Modifying users container
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:20,722 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1546: Adding computers container
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:20,727 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1552: Modifying computers container
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:20,730 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1556: Setting up sam.ldb data
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:21,320 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1586: Setting up well known security principals
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:21,476 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1600: Setting up sam.ldb users and groups
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:22,590 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #1608: Setting up self join
    Repacking database from v1 to v2 format (first record CN=ms-net-ieee-80211-GP-PolicyGUID,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=example,DC=com)
    Repack: re-packed 10000 records so far
    Repacking database from v1 to v2 format (first record CN=IntellimirrorSCP-Display,CN=816,CN=DisplaySpecifiers,CN=Configuration,DC=example,DC=com)
    Repacking database from v1 to v2 format (first record CN=Group Policy Creator Owners,CN=Users,DC=example,DC=com)
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:27,599 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/sambadns.py #1130: Adding DNS accounts
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:27,649 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/sambadns.py #1164: Creating CN=MicrosoftDNS,CN=System,DC=example,DC=com
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:27,740 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/sambadns.py #1177: Creating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:27,885 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/sambadns.py #1182: Populating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions
    Repacking database from v1 to v2 format (first record DC=_msdcs,DC=example.com,CN=MicrosoftDNS,DC=DomainDnsZones,DC=example,DC=com)
    Repacking database from v1 to v2 format (first record DC=@,DC=_msdcs.example.com,CN=MicrosoftDNS,DC=ForestDnsZones,DC=example,DC=com)
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:28,439 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #2037: Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE marking as synchronized
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:28,449 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #2042: Fixing provision GUIDs
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:32,080 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #2377: A Kerberos configuration suitable for Samba AD has been generated at /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:32,080 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #2378: Merge the contents of this file with your system krb5.conf or replace it with this one. Do not create a symlink!
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:32,531 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #2107: Setting up fake yp server settings
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:32,795 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #490: Once the above files are installed, your Samba AD server will be ready to use
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:32,796 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #494: Server Role:           active directory domain controller
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:32,796 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #495: Hostname:              samba-ad
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:32,796 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #496: NetBIOS Domain:        EXAMPLE
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:32,797 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #497: DNS Domain:            example.com
    INFO 2020-08-11 15:41:32,797 pid:53118 /usr/local/samba/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/samba/provision/__init__.py #498: DOMAIN SID:            S-1-5-21-2126248986-2501897089-2532841763

[ALSO READ:Ansible tutorial for absolute beginners & experienced][ALSO READ_Ansible tutorial for absolute beginners _ experienced]

### 6. Configure the DNS Resolver ###

Domain members in an AD use DNS to locate services, such as LDAP and Kerberos. For that, they need to use a DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zone.

On your DC, set the AD DNS domain in the search and the IP of your DC in the `nameserver` parameter of the `/etc/resolv.conf` file. For example:

bash

[root@samba-ad samba-4.12.5]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
    # Generated by NetworkManager
    search example.com
    nameserver 192.168.43.154

### 7. Start Samba Service ###

Execute from the terminal as root user

bash

# samba

We don't have any systemd service to manage samba service, although you can [create a systemd unit file][]. Once you execute the above command, it will start the `samba` service

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# ps -ef | grep samba

![Start Samba AD DC service][]

Start Samba Active Directory service

### 8. Verify Samba Service ###

After launching the Samba service we can check that everything is working as expected. If we execute `testparm` we’ll see that our server is recognized as an Active Directory DC.

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# testparm
    Load smb config files from /usr/local/samba/etc/smb.conf
    Loaded services file OK.
    Server role: ROLE_ACTIVE_DIRECTORY_DC
    
    Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
    
    # Global parameters
    [global]
            dns forwarder = 8.8.8.8
            passdb backend = samba_dsdb
            realm = EXAMPLE.COM
            server role = active directory domain controller
            workgroup = EXAMPLE
            rpc_server:tcpip = no
            rpc_daemon:spoolssd = embedded
            rpc_server:spoolss = embedded
            rpc_server:winreg = embedded
            rpc_server:ntsvcs = embedded
            rpc_server:eventlog = embedded
            rpc_server:srvsvc = embedded
            rpc_server:svcctl = embedded
            rpc_server:default = external
            winbindd:use external pipes = true
            idmap_ldb:use rfc2307 = yes
            idmap config * : backend = tdb
            map archive = No
            vfs objects = dfs_samba4 acl_xattr
    
    
    [sysvol]
            path = /usr/local/samba/var/locks/sysvol
            read only = No
    
    
    [netlogon]
            path = /usr/local/samba/var/locks/sysvol/example.com/scripts
            read only = No

[ALSO READ:How to list users in Linux \[SOLVED\]][ALSO READ_How to list users in Linux _SOLVED]

Testing samba4

bash

# smbclient --version
    Version 4.12.5

This should show you a version starting with "`Version 4.0.XXXXX`"

Now try this command:

bash

# smbclient -L localhost -U%

and check if you get a proper reply with all the shared directories including `sysvol` and `netlogon`. The '`netlogon`' and '`sysvol`' shares are basic shares needed for Active Directory server operation.

To test that authentication is working, you should try to connect to the `netlogon` share using the administrator password you set earlier.

bash

[root@samba-ad samba-4.12.5]# smbclient //localhost/netlogon -Uadministrator%Abhideep@12 -c 'ls'
      .                                   D        0  Tue Aug 11 15:32:02 2020
      ..                                  D        0  Tue Aug 11 15:32:23 2020
    
                    22185808 blocks of size 1024. 4609788 blocks available

### 9. Create Reverse Zone ###

You can optionally add a reverse lookup zone.

bash

[root@samba-ad samba-4.12.5]# samba-tool dns zonecreate 192.168.43.154 43.168.192.in-addr.arpa -U administrator
    Password for [EXAMPLE\administrator]:
    Zone 43.168.192.in-addr.arpa created successfully

If you need more than one reverse zone (multiple subnets), just run the above command again but with the data for the other subnet.

The reverse zone is directly live **without restarting Samba or BIND**.

### 10. Configure Network Time Synchronization ###

If we want our Active Directory to work properly, synchronizing the time is mandatory. We will use `chronyd` for time synchronization

[Steps to configure Chrony as NTP Server & Client (CentOS/RHEL 8)][Steps to configure Chrony as NTP Server _ Client _CentOS_RHEL 8]

[ALSO READ:How to configure secure Kerberized NFS Server ( RHEL / CentOS 7)][ALSO READ_How to configure secure Kerberized NFS Server _ RHEL _ CentOS 7]

### 11. Configuring Kerberos ###

In an AD, Kerberos is used to authenticate users, machines, and services. During the provisioning, Samba created a Kerberos configuration file for your DC. Copy this file to your operating system's Kerberos configuration. For example:

bash

[root@samba-ad samba-4.12.5]# cp /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf /etc/krb5.conf

The pre-created Kerberos configuration uses DNS service (SRV) resource records to locate the KDC.

### 12. Verifying DNS ###

The tcp-based `_ldap` SRV record in the domain:

bash

[root@samba-ad samba-4.12.5]# host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.example.com.
    _ldap._tcp.example.com has SRV record 0 100 389 samba-ad.example.com.

The udp-based `_kerberos` SRV resource record in the domain:

bash

[root@samba-ad samba-4.12.5]# host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.example.com.
    _kerberos._udp.example.com has SRV record 0 100 88 samba-ad.example.com.

The `A` record of the domain controller:

bash

[root@samba-ad samba-4.12.5]# host -t A samba-ad.example.com.
    samba-ad.example.com has address 192.168.43.154

### 13. Verifying Kerberos ###

Request a Kerberos ticket for the domain administrator account:

bash

[root@samba-ad samba-4.12.5]# kinit Administrator
    Password for Administrator@EXAMPLE.COM:
    Warning: Your password will expire in 41 days on Tue 22 Sep 2020 03:41:22 PM IST

List the cached Kerberos tickets:

bash

[root@samba-ad samba-4.12.5]# klist

![List Kerberos Tickets][]

List Kerberos Tickets

### 14. Configure Firewall ###

We are using `firewalld` in our CentOS 8 environment so we will use `firewalld` to enable ports and services part of Samba Active Directory

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service={dns,ldap,ldaps,kerberos}
    success
    
    [root@samba-ad ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port={389/udp,135/tcp,135/udp,138/udp,138/tcp,137/tcp,137/udp,139/udp,139/tcp,445/tcp,445/udp,3268/udp,3268/tcp,3269/tcp,3269/udp,49152/tcp}
    success

[ALSO READ:Tips to download file From Linux \[Practical Examples\]][ALSO READ_Tips to download file From Linux _Practical Examples]

### 15. Managing Samba AD Domain Controller ###

We have already provisioned the new Samba Active Directory domain with samba-tool . In addition, though, there are many more things that we can do with this versatile tool. For instance, we can list the current users.

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# samba-tool user list
    krbtgt
    Administrator
    Guest

We can also create an additional user

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# samba-tool user create deepak
    New Password:
    Retype Password:
    User 'deepak' created successfully

Now verify the list of users

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# samba-tool user list
    deepak
    krbtgt
    Administrator
    Guest

To list the available groups

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# samba-tool user list

We can also add the user we just created to the `Domain Admins` group

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# samba-tool group addmembers "Domain Admins" deepak
    Added members to group Domain Admins

Verify the list of members from "`Domain Admins`" group

bash

[root@samba-ad ~]# samba-tool group listmembers "Domain Admins"
    deepak
    Administrator

### Conclusion ###

In this tutorial we have successfully setup a Samba Active Directory Domain Controller using Samba4 on CentOS 8 Linux server. The provisioning step would be same across all Linux distributions, although the dependency package to be installed will vary based on different Linux distros. We have used an interactive method for provisioning the Samba4 AD but you can also provide all the values as input and perform non-interactive configuration.

[ALSO READ:Configure IPv6 UEFI PXE Boot with Kickstart \[RHEL/CentOS 8\]][ALSO READ_Configure IPv6 UEFI PXE Boot with Kickstart _RHEL_CentOS 8]

Lastly I hope the steps from the article to configure Samba AD DC on CentOS 8Linux was helpful. So, let me know your suggestions and feedback using the comment section.

### References ###

I have used below external references for this tutorial guide  
*[Setting up Samba as Active Directory as Domain Controller][]*

[Lab Environment]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#Lab_Environment
[1. Pre-requisites]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#1_Pre-requisites
[1.1 Check FileSystem Support]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#11_Check_FileSystem_Support
[1.2 Configure hosts file]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#12_Configure_hosts_file
[1.3 Perform Cleanup]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#13_Perform_Cleanup
[1.4 Enable Required Repositories]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#14_Enable_Required_Repositories
[2. Install Dependency Packages]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#2_Install_Dependency_Packages
[3. Download latest stable samba build]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#3_Download_latest_stable_samba_build
[4. Set environment variable]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#4_Set_environment_variable
[5. Provisioning Samba Active Directory]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#5_Provisioning_Samba_Active_Directory
[6. Configure the DNS Resolver]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#6_Configure_the_DNS_Resolver
[7. Start Samba Service]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#7_Start_Samba_Service
[8. Verify Samba Service]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#8_Verify_Samba_Service
[9. Create Reverse Zone]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#9_Create_Reverse_Zone
[10. Configure Network Time Synchronization]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#10_Configure_Network_Time_Synchronization
[11. Configuring Kerberos]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#11_Configuring_Kerberos
[12. Verifying DNS]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#12_Verifying_DNS
[13. Verifying Kerberos]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#13_Verifying_Kerberos
[14. Configure Firewall]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#14_Configure_Firewall
[15. Managing Samba AD Domain Controller]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#15_Managing_Samba_AD_Domain_Controller
[Conclusion]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#Conclusion
[References]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/samba-active-directory/#References
[ALSO READ_Steps to join_add CentOS 8 to Windows Domain Controller _RHEL 8]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/join-centos-rhel-8-windows-domain-ad-winbind/
[ALSO READ_Samba Active Directory Setup _Step-by-Step]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/setup-samba-active-directory/
[EPEL repo]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/install-epel-repo-in-rhel-8-centos-dnf-yum/
[CentOS 8 repositories for Samba AD]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/52f0c529cf0a34d73ff4c1c1eb8d9ff4.jpeg
[ALSO READ_Install _ configure FreeIPA Server _ Client _RHEL_CentOS 7]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/install-freeipa-server-centos-7/
[Index of _pub_samba_stable]: https://download.samba.org/pub/samba/stable
[Download Samba4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/2c23087af5189ce31de44cdcc8bb9996.jpeg
[official documentation]: https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Build_Samba_from_Source
[ALSO READ_9 easy steps to create custom ISO RHEL_CentOS 8]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/create-custom-iso-rhel-centos-8/
[update environment variable]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/62bd2b3fc386e05f90ce12cb2c1c0417.jpeg
[ALSO READ_Ansible tutorial for absolute beginners _ experienced]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/ansible-tutorial/
[create a systemd unit file]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/beginners-guide-systemd-tutorial-linux/
[Start Samba AD DC service]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/fca5e01212d9fe88d27c9d83ae48270a.jpeg
[ALSO READ_How to list users in Linux _SOLVED]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/linux-list-users/
[Steps to configure Chrony as NTP Server _ Client _CentOS_RHEL 8]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/configure-chrony-ntp-server-client-force-sync/
[ALSO READ_How to configure secure Kerberized NFS Server _ RHEL _ CentOS 7]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/configure-secure-kerberized-nfs-share-linux/
[List Kerberos Tickets]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/5a21793c4570cab3b68cbbeb811bb697.jpeg
[ALSO READ_Tips to download file From Linux _Practical Examples]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/download-file-from-linux/
[ALSO READ_Configure IPv6 UEFI PXE Boot with Kickstart _RHEL_CentOS 8]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/ipv6-uefi-pxe-boot-kickstart-rhel-centos-8/
[Setting up Samba as Active Directory as Domain Controller]: https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Setting_up_Samba_as_an_Active_Directory_Domain_Controller