Dos 命令简介

ゝ一世哀愁。 2023-10-14 11:36 1阅读 0赞

## DOS 简介 ##

DOS是Disk Operating System的缩写，即“磁盘操作系统”。DOS主要是一种面向磁盘的系统软件，有了DOS，我们就可以更容易理解怎么给机器下命令，不必去深入了解机器的硬件结构，也不必去死记硬背那些枯燥2进制数字的机器命令，只需通过一些接近于英语的DOS命令，我们就可以轻松地完成绝大多数的日常操作。

DOS命令，是DOS操作系统的命令，是一种面向磁盘的操作命令，主要包括目录操作类命令、磁盘操作类命令、文件操作类命令和其它命令。

## DOS 命令行调用 ##

在Windows系统中三种方法调用：  
①快捷键win+R，调出“运行”对话框，输入cmd(推荐) ，回车；  
②资源管理器地址栏输入cmd——>回车——>选择打开或以管理员身份运行（获得最高权限）；  
③双击C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe。

## DOS 支持函数类别 ##

![6afa545cdd6e452182f37230e04aea7c.png][]

[在线DOS函数查询手册][DOS]

## DOS 常用函数简介 ##

1. 命令 /?       #查看帮助
     2. exit		  #退出终端
     3. start		  #启动一个单独的窗口以运行指定的程序或命令
     4. dir			  #查看当前目录下的所有文件
     5. tree		  #以树形结构显示出目录，用参数-f 将列出第个文件夹中文件名称
     6. slmgr.vbs /xpr    #查看windows激活权限；
     7. cd        #切换目录
     8. cd /d d:\software     #切换目录至d盘的software下
     9. cd ..			#返回上一级目录(chang directory)
     10. chdir			#显示当前目录名
     11. cls         	#清除屏幕(clear screen)
     12. md+空格+目录名  #创建目录(make directory)
     13. rd 			# 删除目录(remove directory)
     14. del+空格+文件名+扩展名				#删除文件
     15. copy  源文件路径 目标文件路径		#复制文件
     16. move  源文件路径 目标文件路径		#移动文件
     17. ren  源文件路径 目标文件路径			#重命名文件
     18. ipconfig				 #查看电脑的ip
     19. ipconfig /all           #显示详细信息
     20. ipconfig /renew     	 #更新所有适配器
     21. ipconfig /release    	 #释放指定适配器的 IPv4 地址
     22. ipconfig /displaydns    #显示 DNS 解析程序缓存的内容
     23. ipconfig /flushdns      #清除 DNS 解析程序缓存
     24. ping 			#检测网络的连通情况和分析网络速度
     25. nslookup		#查询DNS的记录，查看域名解析是否正常，在网络故障的时候用来诊断网络问题,可指定dns服务器
     26. nslookup www.baidu.com
     27. nslookup -qt=a www.baidu.com ip  #指定解析的域名服务器
     28. tracert						  #路由追踪命令(例：tracert www.baidu.com)
     29. netsh wlan show profiles		  #查看所有连接过的无线网络名称
     30. netsh wlan show profiles 无线名称 key =clear		#查看无线网络名称、密码
     31. nslookup		#IP地址侦测器
     32. netstat		#显示协议统计信息和当前 TCP/IP 网络连接

## DOS 应用快捷指令 ##

1. Systeminfo		#显示关于计算机及其操作系统的详细配置信息，包括操作系统配置、安全信息、产品 ID 和硬件属性，如 RAM、磁盘空间和网卡等信息； 
     2. set 			#显示当前所有的环境变量
     3. path  			#路径可执行文件的文件名 为可执行文件设置一个路径
     4. calc			#打开计算机
     5. notepad 	    #打开记事本
     6. mspaint		#打开画图工具
     7. explorer		#打开资源管理器
     8. dvdplay  		#DVD播放器
     9. taskmgr   		#打开任务管理器
     10. gpedit.msc		#打开本地组策略编辑器
     11. services.ms	#打开服务
     12. regedit        #打开注册表
     13. winver			#检查Windows版本
     14. mstsc 			#远程桌面连接
     15. mmc 			#打开控制台
     16. chkdsk.exe     #打开Chkdsk磁盘检查
     17. osk			#打开屏幕键盘
     18. 快捷键win+R——>%temp%——>回车——>删除电脑运行的垃圾

## PyQT 实现Windows 快捷指令 ##

场景需求：老婆大人总是跟我抱怨Windows 的快捷指令太多，让我想办法解决她的需求痛点。

解决办法：基于PyQT + os 函数功能模块，实现Windows 快捷键九宫格功能。

效果截图：

![fafd2187daf14d8caac204bd5ee156ff.png][]

![68207f01ed4343368bac5dab7118da2b.png][]

![04cc55c529cd4b59b184c32132610e52.png][]

PyQT UI文件和源代码

windows\_key.ui

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <ui version="4.0">
     <class>Form</class>
     <widget class="QWidget" name="Form">
      <property name="geometry">
       <rect>
        <x>0</x>
        <y>0</y>
        <width>400</width>
        <height>300</height>
       </rect>
      </property>
      <property name="windowTitle">
       <string>Form</string>
      </property>
      <widget class="QWidget" name="">
       <property name="geometry">
        <rect>
         <x>30</x>
         <y>50</y>
         <width>241</width>
         <height>120</height>
        </rect>
       </property>
       <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout_2">
        <item>
         <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout">
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton">
            <property name="text">
             <string>系统信息</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_2">
            <property name="text">
             <string>环境变量</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_3">
            <property name="text">
             <string>计算器</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
         </layout>
        </item>
        <item>
         <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_2">
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_4">
            <property name="text">
             <string>记事本</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_5">
            <property name="text">
             <string>画图板</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_6">
            <property name="text">
             <string>资源管理器</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
         </layout>
        </item>
        <item>
         <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_3">
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_7">
            <property name="text">
             <string>任务管理器</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_8">
            <property name="text">
             <string>服务</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_9">
            <property name="text">
             <string>Win版本</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
         </layout>
        </item>
        <item>
         <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_4">
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_10">
            <property name="text">
             <string>远程链接</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_11">
            <property name="text">
             <string>控制台</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_12">
            <property name="text">
             <string>磁盘检测</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
         </layout>
        </item>
       </layout>
      </widget>
     </widget>
     <resources/>
     <connections>
      <connection>
       <sender>pushButton</sender>
       <signal>clicked()</signal>
       <receiver>Form</receiver>
       <slot>close()</slot>
       <hints>
        <hint type="sourcelabel">
         <x>69</x>
         <y>63</y>
        </hint>
        <hint type="destinationlabel">
         <x>199</x>
         <y>149</y>
        </hint>
       </hints>
      </connection>
      <connection>
       <sender>pushButton_10</sender>
       <signal>clicked()</signal>
       <receiver>Form</receiver>
       <slot>close()</slot>
       <hints>
        <hint type="sourcelabel">
         <x>69</x>
         <y>156</y>
        </hint>
        <hint type="destinationlabel">
         <x>199</x>
         <y>149</y>
        </hint>
       </hints>
      </connection>
      <connection>
       <sender>pushButton_11</sender>
       <signal>clicked()</signal>
       <receiver>Form</receiver>
       <slot>close()</slot>
       <hints>
        <hint type="sourcelabel">
         <x>150</x>
         <y>156</y>
        </hint>
        <hint type="destinationlabel">
         <x>199</x>
         <y>149</y>
        </hint>
       </hints>
      </connection>
      <connection>
       <sender>pushButton_12</sender>
       <signal>clicked()</signal>
       <receiver>Form</receiver>
       <slot>close()</slot>
       <hints>
        <hint type="sourcelabel">
         <x>231</x>
         <y>156</y>
        </hint>
        <hint type="destinationlabel">
         <x>199</x>
         <y>149</y>
        </hint>
       </hints>
      </connection>
      <connection>
       <sender>pushButton_2</sender>
       <signal>clicked()</signal>
       <receiver>Form</receiver>
       <slot>close()</slot>
       <hints>
        <hint type="sourcelabel">
         <x>150</x>
         <y>63</y>
        </hint>
        <hint type="destinationlabel">
         <x>199</x>
         <y>149</y>
        </hint>
       </hints>
      </connection>
      <connection>
       <sender>pushButton_3</sender>
       <signal>clicked()</signal>
       <receiver>Form</receiver>
       <slot>close()</slot>
       <hints>
        <hint type="sourcelabel">
         <x>231</x>
         <y>63</y>
        </hint>
        <hint type="destinationlabel">
         <x>199</x>
         <y>149</y>
        </hint>
       </hints>
      </connection>
      <connection>
       <sender>pushButton_4</sender>
       <signal>clicked()</signal>
       <receiver>Form</receiver>
       <slot>close()</slot>
       <hints>
        <hint type="sourcelabel">
         <x>69</x>
         <y>94</y>
        </hint>
        <hint type="destinationlabel">
         <x>199</x>
         <y>149</y>
        </hint>
       </hints>
      </connection>
      <connection>
       <sender>pushButton_5</sender>
       <signal>clicked()</signal>
       <receiver>Form</receiver>
       <slot>close()</slot>
       <hints>
        <hint type="sourcelabel">
         <x>150</x>
         <y>94</y>
        </hint>
        <hint type="destinationlabel">
         <x>199</x>
         <y>149</y>
        </hint>
       </hints>
      </connection>
      <connection>
       <sender>pushButton_6</sender>
       <signal>clicked()</signal>
       <receiver>Form</receiver>
       <slot>close()</slot>
       <hints>
        <hint type="sourcelabel">
         <x>231</x>
         <y>94</y>
        </hint>
        <hint type="destinationlabel">
         <x>199</x>
         <y>149</y>
        </hint>
       </hints>
      </connection>
      <connection>
       <sender>pushButton_7</sender>
       <signal>clicked()</signal>
       <receiver>Form</receiver>
       <slot>close()</slot>
       <hints>
        <hint type="sourcelabel">
         <x>69</x>
         <y>125</y>
        </hint>
        <hint type="destinationlabel">
         <x>199</x>
         <y>149</y>
        </hint>
       </hints>
      </connection>
      <connection>
       <sender>pushButton_8</sender>
       <signal>clicked()</signal>
       <receiver>Form</receiver>
       <slot>close()</slot>
       <hints>
        <hint type="sourcelabel">
         <x>150</x>
         <y>125</y>
        </hint>
        <hint type="destinationlabel">
         <x>199</x>
         <y>149</y>
        </hint>
       </hints>
      </connection>
      <connection>
       <sender>pushButton_9</sender>
       <signal>clicked()</signal>
       <receiver>Form</receiver>
       <slot>close()</slot>
       <hints>
        <hint type="sourcelabel">
         <x>231</x>
         <y>125</y>
        </hint>
        <hint type="destinationlabel">
         <x>199</x>
         <y>149</y>
        </hint>
       </hints>
      </connection>
     </connections>
    </ui>

UI\_windows\_key.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'e:\py_workspace\py-qt-demo\windows_key.ui'
    #
    # Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.9
    #
    # WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
    # run again.  Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.
    import sys
    import os
    from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget
    
    class Ui_Form(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.setupUi()
    
        def setupUi(self):
            self.setObjectName("Form")
            self.resize(400, 300)
            self.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 50, 241, 120))
            self.setObjectName("widget")
    
            self.verticalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self)
            self.verticalLayout_2.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
            self.verticalLayout_2.setObjectName("verticalLayout_2")
    
            self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
            self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
            self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self)
            self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
            self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton)
            self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self)
            self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2")
            self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_2)
            self.pushButton_3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self)
            self.pushButton_3.setObjectName("pushButton_3")
            self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_3)
            self.verticalLayout_2.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout)
    
            self.horizontalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
            self.horizontalLayout_2.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_2")
            self.pushButton_4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self)
            self.pushButton_4.setObjectName("pushButton_4")
            self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.pushButton_4)
            self.pushButton_5 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self)
            self.pushButton_5.setObjectName("pushButton_5")
            self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.pushButton_5)
            self.pushButton_6 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self)
            self.pushButton_6.setObjectName("pushButton_6")
            self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.pushButton_6)
            self.verticalLayout_2.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_2)
    
            self.horizontalLayout_3 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
            self.horizontalLayout_3.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_3")
            self.pushButton_7 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self)
            self.pushButton_7.setObjectName("pushButton_7")
            self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.pushButton_7)
            self.pushButton_8 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self)
            self.pushButton_8.setObjectName("pushButton_8")
            self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.pushButton_8)
            self.pushButton_9 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self)
            self.pushButton_9.setObjectName("pushButton_9")
            self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.pushButton_9)
            self.verticalLayout_2.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_3)
    
            self.horizontalLayout_4 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
            self.horizontalLayout_4.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_4")
            self.pushButton_10 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self)
            self.pushButton_10.setObjectName("pushButton_10")
            self.horizontalLayout_4.addWidget(self.pushButton_10)
            self.pushButton_11 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self)
            self.pushButton_11.setObjectName("pushButton_11")
            self.horizontalLayout_4.addWidget(self.pushButton_11)
            self.pushButton_12 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self)
            self.pushButton_12.setObjectName("pushButton_12")
            self.horizontalLayout_4.addWidget(self.pushButton_12)
            self.verticalLayout_2.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_4)
    
            self.retranslateUi()
            self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.getSystemInfo) # type: ignore
            self.pushButton_10.clicked.connect(self.getMstsc) # type: ignore
            self.pushButton_11.clicked.connect(self.getMmc) # type: ignore
            self.pushButton_12.clicked.connect(self.getChkdsk) # type: ignore
            self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(self.getSet) # type: ignore
            self.pushButton_3.clicked.connect(self.getCalc) # type: ignore
            self.pushButton_4.clicked.connect(self.getNotepad) # type: ignore
            self.pushButton_5.clicked.connect(self.getMsPaint) # type: ignore
            self.pushButton_6.clicked.connect(self.getExplorer) # type: ignore
            self.pushButton_7.clicked.connect(self.getTaskmgr) # type: ignore
            self.pushButton_8.clicked.connect(self.getServices) # type: ignore
            self.pushButton_9.clicked.connect(self.getWin) # type: ignore
            QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(self)
    
        def retranslateUi(self):
            _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
            self.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "Form"))
            self.pushButton.setText(_translate("Form", "系统信息"))
            self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("Form", "环境变量"))
            self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("Form", "计算器"))
            self.pushButton_4.setText(_translate("Form", "记事本"))
            self.pushButton_5.setText(_translate("Form", "画图板"))
            self.pushButton_6.setText(_translate("Form", "资源管理器"))
            self.pushButton_7.setText(_translate("Form", "任务管理器"))
            self.pushButton_8.setText(_translate("Form", "服务"))
            self.pushButton_9.setText(_translate("Form", "Win版本"))
            self.pushButton_10.setText(_translate("Form", "远程链接"))
            self.pushButton_11.setText(_translate("Form", "控制台"))
            self.pushButton_12.setText(_translate("Form", "磁盘检测"))
    
        def getSystemInfo(self):
            p = os.popen('Systeminfo')
            print("p.read(): {}\n".format(p.read()))
        
        def getSet(self):
            p = os.popen('set')
            print("p.read(): {}\n".format(p.read()))
    
        def getCalc(self):
            os.system('calc')
        
        def getNotepad(self):
            os.system('notepad')
        
        def getMsPaint(self):
            os.system('mspaint')
        
        def getExplorer(self):
            os.system("explorer")
        
        def getTaskmgr(self):
            os.system("taskmgr")
        
        def getServices(self):
            os.system("services.msc")
        
        def getWin(self):
            p = os.popen('winver')
            print("p.read(): {}\n".format(p.read()))
        
        def getMstsc(self):
            os.system("mstsc")
    
        def getMmc(self):
            os.system('mmc')
        
        def getChkdsk(self):
            os.system('chkdsk.exe')
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
    
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
      
        w = Ui_Form()
        w.show()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

至此，PyQT 实现Windows 快捷键小应用完毕。童鞋 们可以基于我提供的源码，设计自己的功能快捷键。

[6afa545cdd6e452182f37230e04aea7c.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/6afa545cdd6e452182f37230e04aea7c.png
[DOS]: https://www.shouce.ren/api/dos/#
[fafd2187daf14d8caac204bd5ee156ff.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/fafd2187daf14d8caac204bd5ee156ff.png
[68207f01ed4343368bac5dab7118da2b.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/68207f01ed4343368bac5dab7118da2b.png
[04cc55c529cd4b59b184c32132610e52.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/04cc55c529cd4b59b184c32132610e52.png