手把手一起使用WPF MVVM制作USB调试助手Demo

向右看齐 2023-10-14 08:37 49阅读 0赞

# 1、USB调试助手Demo #

该Demo使用WPF框架，基于MVVM设计模式，实现USB调试助手，效果如图所示：

![在这里插入图片描述][8050329a50384051ba4e84ff53eb7af7.png_pic_center]  
实现功能：上位机(USB调试助手)与下位机(ZYNQ)通过USB通信，实现收发数据  
实验环境：Visual Studio 2022  
控件库：HandyControl [手把手一起使用开源WPF控件HandyControl][WPF_HandyControl]  
USB库：LibUsbDotNet  
完整工程：[手把手一起使用WPF MVVM制作USB调试助手Demo完整工程文件][WPF MVVM_USB_Demo]  
Gitee链接: [https://gitee.com/haileifly/wpf-usb.git][https_gitee.com_haileifly_wpf-usb.git]

# 2、功能演示 #

该Demo代码结构如图所示，参照MVVM设计模式完成

![在这里插入图片描述][9ff03df5e84844c59ad2b07a61cd63b9.png_pic_center]  
项目运行后界面如图所示：

![在这里插入图片描述][6341b4f561eb480a98f4c4167270d86f.png_pic_center]

USB设备通过两个ID进行连接，默认ID为随机输入的，故直接点`连接USB设备`会弹出没有发现设备，如图所示：

![在这里插入图片描述][d3bba14fdfd04f67b01f2b3bc1b0b1fa.png_pic_center]  
下位机连接正常后，下拉框可以选择相应USB设备，如图所示：

![在这里插入图片描述][498b028b5f3948738c68c0d848254b24.png_pic_center]  
发送和接收的字节数同样可以设置，如图所示：

![在这里插入图片描述][b0bd639f17b649e395021c846518124d.png_pic_center]  
设置完成后，点击`连接USB设备`即可，此时可以打开Bus Hound超级软件总线协议分析器，观察发送和接收数据，如图所示：

![在这里插入图片描述][4eba05af6cb9433ca9d6e2cc1b404c56.png_pic_center]  
在`USB发送数据区`输入数据，点击开始发送，可以看到Bus Hound显示已经发送，如图所示，发送数据格式之所以如此，是因为自定义了上位机与下位机的通信协议头帧、校验帧及尾帧：

![在这里插入图片描述][223c1667a531402f80151388f2aa3580.png_pic_center]

点击`开始接收`，下位机将数据返回至上位机界面，同时Bus Hound显示已经接收的数据，两者一致，如图所示：

![在这里插入图片描述][c126bf0659074d32b6a83be633395931.png_pic_center]

再次进行发送和接收数据：

![在这里插入图片描述][abec475dab19472f97831f7782f0c76c.png_pic_center]  
最后，点击`断开USB设备`，如图所示：

![在这里插入图片描述][183d8d9584e44efca880586af1fdb914.png_pic_center]

# 3、UI界面XAML #

UI界面代码MainWindow.xaml如下：

由于使用了开源控件库：HandyControl，因此App.xaml代码需要如下编写：

# 4、后台逻辑CS #

后台MainWindow.xaml.cs代码如下：

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows;
    using System.Windows.Controls;
    using System.Windows.Data;
    using System.Windows.Documents;
    using System.Windows.Input;
    using System.Windows.Media;
    using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
    using System.Windows.Navigation;
    using System.Windows.Shapes;
    using Wpf_USB.ViewModels;
    
    namespace Wpf_USB
    {
        
        /// <summary>
        /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
        /// </summary>
        public partial class MainWindow : Window
        {
        
            public MainWindow()
            {
        
                InitializeComponent();
                this.DataContext = new MainWindowViewModel();
            }
        }
    }

USB各参数初始化类，即界面初始化的参数，UsbParameter.cs代码如下：

using LibUsbDotNet.Main;
    using LibUsbDotNet;
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows;
    
    namespace Wpf_USB.ViewModels
    {
        
        class UsbParameter : NotificationObject
        {
        
            private ObservableCollection<int> vendorid = new ObservableCollection<int>() {
         1234 };
            public ObservableCollection<int> VendorID 
            {
        
                get {
         return vendorid; }
                set
                {
        
                    vendorid = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("VendorID");
                }
            }
    
            private ObservableCollection<int> productid = new ObservableCollection<int>() {
         1 };
            public ObservableCollection<int> ProductID
            {
        
                get {
         return productid; }
                set
                {
        
                    productid = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("ProductID");
                }
            }
    
            private ObservableCollection<int> bytesread = new ObservableCollection<int>() {
         512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384 };
            public ObservableCollection<int> BytesRead
            {
        
                get {
         return bytesread; }
                set
                {
        
                    bytesread = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("BytesRead");
                }
            }
    
            private ObservableCollection<int> byteswrite = new ObservableCollection<int>() {
         512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384 };
            public ObservableCollection<int> BytesWrite
            {
        
                get {
         return byteswrite; }
                set
                {
        
                    byteswrite = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("BytesWrite");
                }
            }
            public void UsbDeviceFind()
            {
        
                UsbRegDeviceList allDevices = UsbDevice.AllDevices;
                if (allDevices != null)
                {
        
                    foreach (UsbRegistry usbRegistry in allDevices)
                    {
        
                        VendorID.Add(usbRegistry.Vid);
                        ProductID.Add(usbRegistry.Pid);
                    }
                    UsbDevice.Exit();
                }
                else {
         MessageBox.Show("UsbDevive Not Found."); }            
            }
        }
    }

USB更新数据类，CurrentParameter.cs代码如下：

using LibUsbDotNet;
    using LibUsbDotNet.Main;
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.IO.Ports;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows.Input;
    using System.Windows;
    using System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging;
    using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
    using System.Reflection;
    using Wpf_USB.Models;
    
    namespace Wpf_USB.ViewModels
    {
        
        class CurrentParameter : NotificationObject
        {
        
            public CurrentParameter()
            {
        
                GloVar = new GlobalVariable();
                DataPro = new DataProcess();
            }
            private GlobalVariable gloVar;
            public GlobalVariable GloVar
            {
        
                get {
         return gloVar; }
                set
                {
        
                    gloVar = value;
                }
            }
            private DataProcess dataPro;
            public DataProcess DataPro
            {
        
                get {
         return dataPro; }
                set
                {
        
                    dataPro = value;
                }
            }
            private int vendorid;
            public int VendorID
            {
        
                get {
         return vendorid; }
                set
                {
        
                    vendorid = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("VendorID");
                }
            }
    
            private int productid;
            public int ProductID
            {
        
                get {
         return productid; }
                set
                {
        
                    productid = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("ProductID");
                }
            }
    
            private int bytesread;
            public int BytesRead
            {
        
                get {
         return bytesread; }
                set
                {
        
                    bytesread = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("BytesRead");
                }
            }
    
            private int byteswrite;
            public int BytesWrite
            {
        
                get {
         return byteswrite; }
                set
                {
        
                    byteswrite = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("BytesWrite");
                }
            }
            private UsbDevice usbDevice;
            private UsbEndpointReader epReader;
            private UsbEndpointWriter epWriter;
            public UsbDevice UsbDevice
            {
        
                get {
         return usbDevice; }
                set {
         usbDevice = value; this.RaisePropertyChanged("UsbDevice"); }
            }
            private byte[] readData;
            private string writeData;
            private string readDataString;
            private bool isOpen;
            private bool enableSelect = true;
            public bool EnableSelect
            {
        
                get {
         return enableSelect; }
                set {
         enableSelect = value; this.RaisePropertyChanged("EnableSelect"); }
            }
            public byte[] ReadData
            {
        
                get {
         return readData; }
                set {
         readData = value; this.RaisePropertyChanged("ReadData"); }
            }
            public string ReadDataString
            {
        
                get {
         return readDataString; }
                set {
         readDataString = value; this.RaisePropertyChanged("ReadDataString"); }
            }
            public string WriteData
            {
        
                get {
         return writeData; }
                set {
         writeData = value; this.RaisePropertyChanged("WriteData"); }
            }
    
            public bool IsOpen
            {
        
                get {
         return isOpen; }
                set {
         isOpen = value; this.RaisePropertyChanged("IsOpen"); }
            }
    
            public bool UsbDevicesOpen()
            {
        
                if (usbDevice != null && usbDevice.IsOpen)
                {
        
                    return UsbDevicesClose();
                }
                try
                {
        
                    UsbDeviceFinder UsbFinder = new UsbDeviceFinder(this.VendorID, this.ProductID);
                    usbDevice = UsbDevice.OpenUsbDevice(UsbFinder);
                    if (usbDevice == null) throw new Exception("Device Not Found.");
                    IUsbDevice wholeUsbDevice = usbDevice as IUsbDevice;
                    if (!ReferenceEquals(wholeUsbDevice, null))
                    {
        
                        wholeUsbDevice.SetConfiguration(1);
                        wholeUsbDevice.ClaimInterface(0);
                    }
                    epReader = usbDevice.OpenEndpointReader(ReadEndpointID.Ep01);
                    epWriter = usbDevice.OpenEndpointWriter(WriteEndpointID.Ep01);
                    EnableSelect = false;
                    if (usbDevice.IsOpen)
                    {
        
                        return IsOpen = true;
                    }
                    else
                    {
        
                        return IsOpen = false;
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
        
                    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
                }
                return IsOpen = false;
            }
            public bool UsbDevicesClose()
            {
        
                try
                {
        
                    EnableSelect = true;
                    if (usbDevice == null) throw new Exception("Device Not Found.");
                    else
                    {
        
                        if (usbDevice.IsOpen)
                        {
        
                            IUsbDevice wholeUsbDevice = usbDevice as IUsbDevice;
                            if (!ReferenceEquals(wholeUsbDevice, null))
                            {
        
                                // Release interface #0.
                                wholeUsbDevice.ReleaseInterface(0);
                            }
                            usbDevice.Close();
                            return IsOpen = false;
                        }
                        usbDevice = null;
                        UsbDevice.Exit();
                        return IsOpen = false;
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
        
                    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
                    return IsOpen = false;
                }
            }
            public void UsbDevicesRead()
            {
        
                try 
                {
        
                    if (usbDevice == null) throw new Exception("Device Not Found.");
                    else
                    {
        
                        int bytesReadCount = BytesRead;
                        readData = new byte[bytesReadCount];
                        ErrorCode ec = epReader.Read(ReadData, 2000, out bytesReadCount);
                        this.DataPro.ReadDataCRC(ReadData);
                        ReadDataString += GloVar.CMD_H.ToString("X2") + " ";
                        ReadDataString += GloVar.CMD_L.ToString("X2") + " ";
                        ReadDataString += GloVar.RESULT_F.ToString("X2") + " ";
                        for (int i = 0; i < GloVar.ReadValidData.Length; i++)
                            ReadDataString += GloVar.ReadValidData[i].ToString("X2") + " ";
                        if (bytesReadCount == 0) MessageBox.Show("No More Bytes.");
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
        
                    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
                }
            }
            public void UsbDevicesWrite()
            {
        
                try 
                {
        
                    if (usbDevice == null) throw new Exception("Device Not Found.");
                    else
                    {
        
                        if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(WriteData))
                        {
        
                            int bytesWriteCount = BytesWrite;
                            DataPro.WriteDataCRC(WriteData);
                            ErrorCode ec = epWriter.Write(GloVar.WriteValidData, 2000, out bytesWriteCount);
                            if (ec != ErrorCode.None) MessageBox.Show("Write Fail.");
                        }
                        else
                        {
        
                            MessageBox.Show("WriteData Is Empty.");
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
        
                    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
                }
            }
        }
    }

响应数据实时更新类，NotificationObject.cs代码如下：

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.ComponentModel;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    namespace Wpf_USB.ViewModels
    {
        
        class NotificationObject : INotifyPropertyChanged
        {
        
            public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
    
            public void RaisePropertyChanged(string propertyName)
            {
        
                if (this.PropertyChanged != null)
                {
        
                    this.PropertyChanged.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
                }
            }
        }
    }

按键命令类，DelegateCommand.cs代码如下：

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows.Input;
    
    namespace Wpf_USB.ViewModels
    {
        
        class DelegateCommand : ICommand
        {
        
            public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
            {
        
                if (CanExecuteFunc == null)
                    return true;
                return this.CanExecuteFunc(parameter);
            }
    
            public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;
    
            public void Execute(object parameter)
            {
        
                if (ExecuteAction == null)
                {
        
                    return;
                }
                this.ExecuteAction(parameter);
            }
    
            public Action<object> ExecuteAction {
         get; set; }
            public Func<object, bool> CanExecuteFunc {
         get; set; }
        }
    }

MainWindowViewModel.cs代码如下：

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    namespace Wpf_USB.ViewModels
    {
        
        class MainWindowViewModel : NotificationObject
        {
        
            public MainWindowViewModel()
            {
        
                UsbPar = new UsbParameter();
                CuPar = new CurrentParameter();
                this.UsbPar.UsbDeviceFind();
                CuPar.VendorID = UsbPar.VendorID[0];
                CuPar.ProductID = UsbPar.ProductID[0];
                CuPar.BytesRead = UsbPar.BytesRead[3];
                CuPar.BytesWrite = UsbPar.BytesWrite[3];
                
    
                this.OpenUsbDev = new DelegateCommand();
                this.OpenUsbDev.ExecuteAction = new Action<object>(this.OpenUsb);
                this.CloseUsbDev = new DelegateCommand();
                this.CloseUsbDev.ExecuteAction = new Action<object>(this.CloseUsb);
                this.UsbDevRead = new DelegateCommand();
                this.UsbDevRead.ExecuteAction = new Action<object>(this.UsbRead);
                this.UsbDevWrite = new DelegateCommand();
                this.UsbDevWrite.ExecuteAction = new Action<object>(this.UsbWrite);
            }
    
            private UsbParameter usbPar;
            public UsbParameter UsbPar
            {
        
                get {
         return usbPar; }
                set
                {
        
                    usbPar = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("UsbPar");
                }
            }
            private CurrentParameter cuPar;
            public CurrentParameter CuPar
            {
        
                get {
         return cuPar; }
                set
                {
        
                    cuPar = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("CuPar");
                }
            }
            public DelegateCommand OpenUsbDev {
         get; set; }
            private void OpenUsb(object parameter)
            {
        
                this.CuPar.UsbDevicesOpen();
            }
            public DelegateCommand CloseUsbDev {
         get; set; }
            private void CloseUsb(object parameter)
            {
        
                this.CuPar.UsbDevicesClose();
            }
            public DelegateCommand UsbDevRead {
         get; set; }
            private void UsbRead(object parameter)
            {
         
                this.CuPar.UsbDevicesRead(); 
            }
            public DelegateCommand UsbDevWrite {
         get; set; }
            private void UsbWrite(object parameter)
            {
         
                this.CuPar.UsbDevicesWrite();
            }
        }
    }

数据处理类，包括自定义的通信协议，DataProcess.cs代码如下：

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows;
    using Wpf_USB.ViewModels;
    
    namespace Wpf_USB.Models
    {
        
        class DataProcess : NotificationObject
        {
        
            public DataProcess() 
            {
        
                GloVar = new GlobalVariable();
            }
    
            private GlobalVariable gloVar;
            public GlobalVariable GloVar
            {
        
                get {
         return gloVar; }
                set
                {
        
                    gloVar = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("GloVar");
                }
            }
    
            public void ReadDataCRC(byte[] ReadData)
            {
        
                int CheckoutSum = 0;
                int DataLength = ReadData[2] * 256 + ReadData[3];
                if (ReadData[0].ToString("X") != "7E" || ReadData[1].ToString("X") != "7E")
                {
        
                    GloVar.FrameData_F = true;
                    MessageBox.Show("Data Frame Header Error.");
                }
                for (int i=0; i< DataLength; i++)
                {
        
                    CheckoutSum += ReadData[i + 4];
                }
                if (Convert.ToByte(CheckoutSum & 0xFF) != Convert.ToByte(ReadData[DataLength+4]))
                {
        
                    GloVar.FrameData_F = true;
                    MessageBox.Show("Data Frame Check Error.");
                }
                GloVar.CMD_H = ReadData[4];
                GloVar.CMD_L = ReadData[5];
                GloVar.RESULT_F = ReadData[6];
                GloVar.ReadValidData = new byte[DataLength-3];
                for (int i = 0; i < (DataLength-3); i++)
                {
        
                    GloVar.ReadValidData[i] = ReadData[i+7];
                }
                if (ReadData[DataLength + 5].ToString("X") != "45" || ReadData[DataLength + 6].ToString("X") != "4E" || ReadData[DataLength + 7].ToString("X") != "44")
                {
        
                    GloVar.FrameData_F = true;
                    MessageBox.Show("Data Frame End Error.");
                }
            }
    
            public void WriteDataCRC(string WriteData)
            {
        
                int CheckoutSum = 0 ;
                string WriteDataHex = WriteData.Replace(" ", "");
                WriteDataHex += WriteDataHex.Length % 2 != 0 ? "0" : "";
                int WriteValidDataLength = WriteDataHex.Length / 2;
                GloVar.WriteValidData = new byte[WriteValidDataLength+8];
                GloVar.WriteValidData[0] = 0x7E;
                GloVar.WriteValidData[1] = 0x7E;
                GloVar.WriteValidData[2] = Convert.ToByte((WriteValidDataLength >> 8) & 0xFF);
                GloVar.WriteValidData[3] = Convert.ToByte(WriteValidDataLength & 0xFF);
                for (int i=0; i<WriteValidDataLength; i++)
                {
        
                    GloVar.WriteValidData[4+i] = Convert.ToByte(WriteDataHex.Substring(i * 2, 2), 16);
                    CheckoutSum += GloVar.WriteValidData[4+i];
                }
                GloVar.WriteValidData[4 + WriteValidDataLength] = Convert.ToByte(CheckoutSum & 0xFF);
                GloVar.WriteValidData[5 + WriteValidDataLength] = 0x45;
                GloVar.WriteValidData[6 + WriteValidDataLength] = 0x4E;
                GloVar.WriteValidData[7 + WriteValidDataLength] = 0x44;
            }
        }
    }

全局变量类，GlobalVariable.cs代码如下：

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using Wpf_USB.ViewModels;
    
    namespace Wpf_USB.Models
    {
        
        class GlobalVariable : NotificationObject
        {
        
            private string globalSystemVersion = "1.0.0";
            public string GlobalSystemVersion
            {
        
                get {
         return globalSystemVersion; }
                set
                {
        
                    globalSystemVersion = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("GlobalSystemVersion");
                }
            }
            private string globalUpdateTime = "2023.7.27";
            public string GlobalUpdateTime
            {
        
                get {
         return globalUpdateTime; }
                set
                {
        
                    globalUpdateTime = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("GlobalUpdateTime");
                }
            }
            private static int cMD_H;
            public int CMD_H
            {
        
                get {
         return cMD_H; }
                set
                {
        
                    cMD_H = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("CMD_H");
                }
            }
            private static int cMD_L;
            public int CMD_L
            {
        
                get {
         return cMD_L; }
                set
                {
        
                    cMD_L = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("CMD_L");
                }
            }
            private static int rESULT_F;
            public int RESULT_F
            {
        
                get {
         return rESULT_F; }
                set
                {
        
                    rESULT_F = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("RESULT_F");
                }
            }
            public static byte[] readValidData;
            public byte[] ReadValidData
            {
        
                get {
         return readValidData; }
                set
                {
        
                    readValidData = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("ReadValidData");
                }
            }
            public static byte[] writeValidData;
            public byte[] WriteValidData
            {
        
                get {
         return writeValidData; }
                set
                {
        
                    writeValidData = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("WriteValidData");
                }
            }
            public static bool frameData_F = false;
            public bool FrameData_F
            {
        
                get {
         return frameData_F; }
                set
                {
        
                    frameData_F = value;
                    this.RaisePropertyChanged("FrameData_F");
                }
            }
        }
    }

`该Demo实现过程中，参考了一些大佬(CSDN和Github)的代码，在此表示感谢`

**希望本文对大家有帮助，上文若有不妥之处，欢迎指正**

**分享决定高度，学习拉开差距**

[8050329a50384051ba4e84ff53eb7af7.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/8050329a50384051ba4e84ff53eb7af7.png#pic_center
[WPF_HandyControl]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42078934/article/details/131904423?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501
[WPF MVVM_USB_Demo]: https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_42078934/88111843
[https_gitee.com_haileifly_wpf-usb.git]: https://gitee.com/haileifly/wpf-usb.git
[9ff03df5e84844c59ad2b07a61cd63b9.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/9ff03df5e84844c59ad2b07a61cd63b9.png#pic_center
[6341b4f561eb480a98f4c4167270d86f.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/6341b4f561eb480a98f4c4167270d86f.png#pic_center
[d3bba14fdfd04f67b01f2b3bc1b0b1fa.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/d3bba14fdfd04f67b01f2b3bc1b0b1fa.png#pic_center
[498b028b5f3948738c68c0d848254b24.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/498b028b5f3948738c68c0d848254b24.png#pic_center
[b0bd639f17b649e395021c846518124d.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/b0bd639f17b649e395021c846518124d.png#pic_center
[4eba05af6cb9433ca9d6e2cc1b404c56.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/4eba05af6cb9433ca9d6e2cc1b404c56.png#pic_center
[223c1667a531402f80151388f2aa3580.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/223c1667a531402f80151388f2aa3580.png#pic_center
[c126bf0659074d32b6a83be633395931.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/c126bf0659074d32b6a83be633395931.png#pic_center
[abec475dab19472f97831f7782f0c76c.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/abec475dab19472f97831f7782f0c76c.png#pic_center
[183d8d9584e44efca880586af1fdb914.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/183d8d9584e44efca880586af1fdb914.png#pic_center