【Nginx基础篇】nginx的基本配置解析和应用场景

深碍√TFBOYSˉ_ 2023-10-11 21:48 14阅读 0赞

**目录**

一、最小配置

二、虚拟主机

--------------------

## 一、最小配置 ##

原始的配置文件

#user  nobody;
    worker_processes  1;
    
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
    
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
    
        #keepalive_timeout  0;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
        #gzip  on;
    
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
    
            #charset koi8-r;
    
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
    
            location / {
                root   html;
                index  index.html;
            }
    
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
    
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
    
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
            #}
    
            # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    root           html;
            #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
            #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            #    include        fastcgi_params;
            #}
    
            # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
            # concurs with nginx's one
            #
            #location ~ /\.ht {
            #    deny  all;
            #}
        }
    
    
        # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       8000;
        #    listen       somename:8080;
        #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    
        # HTTPS server
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       443 ssl;
        #    server_name  localhost;
    
        #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
    
        #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
    
        #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    }

将注释删除后最简版

worker_processes  1;
    
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        sendfile        on;
    
    
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
    
    
            location / {
    
                root   html;
                index  index.html;
            }
    
    
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
    
        }
    }

**worker\_processes**

worker\_processes 1 ;  默认为 1 ，表示开启一个业务进程

**worker\_connections**

worker\_connections 1024 ;  单个业务进程可接受连接数

**include mime.types;**

include mime.types ;  引入 http mime 类型

**default\_type application/octet-stream;**

default\_type application/octet \- stream ;  如果 mime 类型没匹配上，默认使用二进制流的方式传输。

**sendfifile on;**

sendfile on ;  使用 linux 的  sendfile(socket, file, len)  高效网络传输，也就是数据 0 拷贝。

未开启 sendfifile，此时nginx从磁盘拷贝请求资源后，到网络接口缓存之间仍需要经过多次拷贝

![1b4555732df94c5e9a4683d0f84e61a6.png][]

开启后，只需要一个信号，读取一次![884c2b17cf3749b28b331fccb6477028.png][]

**keepalive\_timeout 65;**  连接保持心跳时间，这里分为客户端和被代理端，以后会介绍

server，一个server可以表示一台主机，所以配置多个server可以有多态虚拟主机（vhost）

![35aa196c084142f2b21e4b125daebee7.png][]

虚拟主机配置

server {
        listen 80; 监听端口号
        server_name localhost; 主机名
        location / { 匹配路径
            root html; 文件根目录
            index index.html index.htm; 默认页名称
        }
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; 报错编码对应页面
        location = /50x.html {
            root html;
        }
    }

## 二、虚拟主机 ##

原本一台服务器只能对应一个站点，通过虚拟主机技术可以虚拟化成多个站点同时对外提供服务

**servername** **匹配规则**

我们需要注意的是 servername 匹配分先后顺序，写在前面的匹配上就不会继续往下匹配了。

**完整匹配**

我们可以在同一 servername 中匹配多个域名

> server\_name vod.mmban.com www1.mmban.com;

**通配符匹配**

> server\_name \*.mmban.com

**通配符结束匹配**

> server\_name vod.\*;

**正则匹配**

> server\_name ~^\[0-9\]+\\.mmban\\.com$;

[1b4555732df94c5e9a4683d0f84e61a6.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/1b4555732df94c5e9a4683d0f84e61a6.png
[884c2b17cf3749b28b331fccb6477028.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/884c2b17cf3749b28b331fccb6477028.png
[35aa196c084142f2b21e4b125daebee7.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/35aa196c084142f2b21e4b125daebee7.png