SpringCloud AlibabaNacos服务注册和配置中心

迈不过友情╰ 2023-10-11 20:41 11阅读 0赞

**目录**

一、Nacos简介

二、安装并运行Nacos

三、Nacos作为服务注册中心演示

（一）基于Nacos的服务提供者

（二）基于Nacos的服务消费者

（三）服务注册中心对比

Nacos 支持AP和CP模式的切换

--------------------

## 一、Nacos简介 ##

**（一）为什么叫Nacos**

前四个字母分别为Naming和Configuration的前两个字母，最后的s为Service。

**（二）是什么**

一个更易于构建云原生应用的动态服务发现、配置管理和服务管理平台。

即注册中心+配置中心的组合（**Nacos = Eureka+Config +Bus**）

**（三）能干吗**

替代Eureka做服务注册中心

替代Config做服务配置中心

**（四）去哪下**

**github：**[GitHub - alibaba/nacos: an easy-to-use dynamic service discovery, configuration and service management platform for building cloud native applications.][GitHub - alibaba_nacos_ an easy-to-use dynamic service discovery_ configuration and service management platform for building cloud native applications.]

官网文档：[Spring Cloud Alibaba Reference Documentation (spring-cloud-alibaba-group.github.io)][Spring Cloud Alibaba Reference Documentation _spring-cloud-alibaba-group.github.io]

[home (nacos.io)][home _nacos.io]

**（五）各种注册中心比较**

![416288b1aaab41c5892befc239d19e42.png][]

## 二、安装并运行Nacos ##

本地Java8+Maven环境已经OK

进入官网，点击左上角的tag找到对应版本即可

[Releases · alibaba/nacos · GitHub][Releases _ alibaba_nacos _ GitHub]

![086771739c114623bd8d73736718d215.png][]

解压安装包，直接运行bin目录下的startup.cmd，目录结构

![826fc129775d40b49f8d7f25ac93caec.png][]

命令运行成功后直接访问http://localhost:8848/nacos 用户密码都是nacos

![f5864802f0e54d47b6df3337f9bcaa13.png][]

## 三、Nacos作为服务注册中心演示 ##

**官方文档**：[Spring Cloud Alibaba Reference Documentation][]

### （一）基于Nacos的服务提供者 ###

**新建module cloudalibaba-provider-payment9001**

**父POM**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>mscloud</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>pom</packaging>
    
        <modules>
            <module>cloud-eureka-server7001</module>
            <module>cloud-eureka-server7002</module>
            <module>cloud-eureka-server7003</module>
            <module>cloud-provider-payment8001</module>
            <module>cloud-provider-payment8002</module>
            <module>cloud-providerzk-server8004</module>
            <module>cloud-providerzk-server8005</module>
            <module>cloud-consumer-order80</module>
            <module>cloud-consumerzk-order81</module>
            <module>cloud-providerconsul-payment8006</module>
            <module>cloud-consumerconsul-order82</module>
            <module>cloud-providerconsul-payment8007</module>
            <module>cloud-provider-payment8003</module>
            <module>cloud-consumer-feign-order80</module>
            <module>cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001</module>
            <module>cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001</module>
            <module>cloud-zuul-gateway9527</module>
            <module>cloud-provider-sms8008</module>
            <module>mytest</module>
            <module>cloud-config-center-3344</module>
            <module>cloud-config-client-3355</module>
            <module>cloud-conumser-feign-order2001</module>
            <module>cloud-provider-hystrix-payment2701</module>
            <module>cloud-provider-hystrix-payment2702</module>
            <module>cloud-config-client-3366</module>
            <module>cloud-stream-rabbitmq-provider8801</module>
            <module>cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8802</module>
            <module>cloud-gateway-gateway9588</module>
            <module>cloudalibaba-provider-payment9001</module>
            <module>cloudalibaba-provider-payment9002</module>
        </modules>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
            <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
            <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
            <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
            <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>2.1.9.RELEASE</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Greenwich.SR3</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                    <version>5.1.47</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                    <version>1.1.16</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                    <version>1.3.0</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>junit</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                    <version>${junit.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                    <version>${log4j.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                    <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                    <optional>true</optional>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <fork>true</fork>
                        <addResources>true</addResources>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

本工程POM

<dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

YML

server:
      port: 9001
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: nacos-payment-provider
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址
    
    management:
      endpoints:
        web:
          exposure:
            include: '*'

主启动加上@EnableDisconveryClient

@EnableDiscoveryClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class PaymentMain9001
    {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
                SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain9001.class, args);
        }
    }

业务类

@RestController
    public class PaymentController
    {
        @Value("${server.port}")
        private String serverPort;
    
        @GetMapping(value = "/payment/nacos/{id}")
        public String getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
        {
            return "nacos registry, serverPort: "+ serverPort+"\t id"+id;
        }
    }

测试

[http://localhost:9001/payment/nacos/1][http_localhost_9001_payment_nacos_1]

![2e5cdd9718bc4c4ea5957ca42d09a3b6.png][]

为了演示负载均衡，照搬9001新建9002

![8cb0ca9917bb4b249663afbf82cf9301.png][]

### （二）基于Nacos的服务消费者 ###

新建module cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order83

POM

<dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>

为什么nacos支持负载均衡？

![1de0b2b984654042ba9bb6c3a63071d1.png][]

YML

server:
      port: 83
    
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: nacos-order-consumer
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848
    
    
    #消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者)
    service-url:
      nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider

主启动

@EnableDiscoveryClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class OrderNacosMain83
    {
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
            SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain83.class,args);
        }
    }

ApplicationContextBean

@Configuration
    public class ApplicationContextBean
    {
        @Bean
        @LoadBalanced
        public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
        {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }

OrderNacosController

@RestController
    public class OrderNacosController
    {
        @Resource
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        @Value("${service-url.nacos-user-service}")
        private String serverURL;
    
        @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/nacos/{id}")
        public String paymentInfo(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
        {
            return restTemplate.getForObject(serverURL+"/payment/nacos/"+id,String.class);
        }
    
    }

nacos控制台

![2bbd755a207949c6bf3f17437b2e83e8.png][]

测试

[http://localhost:83/consumer/payment/nacos/13][http_localhost_83_consumer_payment_nacos_13]

### （三）服务注册中心对比 ###

![754b48ad1ae84417aa1fa68426032fff.png][]

### **Nacos 支持AP和CP模式的切换**  ###

**C是所有节点在同一时间看到的数据是一致的；而A的定义是所有的请求都会收到响应。**

**何时选择使用何种模式？  
一般来说，  
如果不需要存储服务级别的信息且服务实例是通过nacos-client注册，并能够保持心跳上报，那么就可以选择AP模式。当前主流的服务如 Spring cloud 和 Dubbo 服务，都适用于AP模式，AP模式为了服务的可能性而减弱了一致性，因此AP模式下只支持注册临时实例。  
  
如果需要在服务级别编辑或者存储配置信息，那么 CP 是必须，K8S服务和DNS服务则适用于CP模式。  
CP模式下则支持注册持久化实例，此时则是以 Raft 协议为集群运行模式，该模式下注册实例之前必须先注册服务，如果服务不存在，则会返回错误。**  
  
  
nacos可通过以下代码转换模式

curl -X PUT '$NACOS_SERVER:8848/nacos/v1/ns/operator/switches?entry=serverMode&value=CP'

[GitHub - alibaba_nacos_ an easy-to-use dynamic service discovery_ configuration and service management platform for building cloud native applications.]: https://github.com/alibaba/Nacos
[Spring Cloud Alibaba Reference Documentation _spring-cloud-alibaba-group.github.io]: https://spring-cloud-alibaba-group.github.io/github-pages/greenwich/spring-cloud-alibaba.html#_spring_cloud_alibaba_nacos_discovery
[home _nacos.io]: https://nacos.io/zh-cn/
[416288b1aaab41c5892befc239d19e42.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/416288b1aaab41c5892befc239d19e42.png
[Releases _ alibaba_nacos _ GitHub]: https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases
[086771739c114623bd8d73736718d215.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/086771739c114623bd8d73736718d215.png
[826fc129775d40b49f8d7f25ac93caec.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/826fc129775d40b49f8d7f25ac93caec.png
[f5864802f0e54d47b6df3337f9bcaa13.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/f5864802f0e54d47b6df3337f9bcaa13.png
[Spring Cloud Alibaba Reference Documentation]: https://spring-cloud-alibaba-group.github.io/github-pages/greenwich/spring-cloud-alibaba.html#_spring_cloud_alibaba_nacos_config
[http_localhost_9001_payment_nacos_1]: http://localhost:9001/payment/nacos/1
[2e5cdd9718bc4c4ea5957ca42d09a3b6.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2e5cdd9718bc4c4ea5957ca42d09a3b6.png
[8cb0ca9917bb4b249663afbf82cf9301.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/8cb0ca9917bb4b249663afbf82cf9301.png
[1de0b2b984654042ba9bb6c3a63071d1.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/1de0b2b984654042ba9bb6c3a63071d1.png
[2bbd755a207949c6bf3f17437b2e83e8.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2bbd755a207949c6bf3f17437b2e83e8.png
[http_localhost_83_consumer_payment_nacos_13]: http://localhost:83/consumer/payment/nacos/13
[754b48ad1ae84417aa1fa68426032fff.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/754b48ad1ae84417aa1fa68426032fff.png