Linux系列(2)-下载rpm包搭建本地及远程yum源解决离线安装难题

一时失言乱红尘 2023-10-10 11:47 9阅读 0赞

### 前言 ###

Linux系列(1)介绍了挂载镜像实现yum安装，但还是存在问题，本文以安装docker为例，解决离线安装问题，还是首先准备两台最小化安装的虚拟机。

### 方法1本地rpm安装 ###

1.  先联网，下载docker需要安装rpm包，yum会自行解决安装包依赖关系并下载。

# 添加阿里云镜像地址
    yum install -y yum-utils
    yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
    # 下载，会按照依赖关系下载docker需要的包，也有可能下载的并不完全，可按照yumdownloader glibc* 下载其他相关的单独包
    yum install docker-ce-19.03.8  --downloadonly --downloaddir=/data/packages/docker
    cd /data/packages/docker
    ll

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1.  上传所有rpm包至没有联网的服务器  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNDM3ODc0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]
2.  离线安装

# 在rpm包目录执行，会自动搜寻依赖关系并安装
    yum -y localinstall *.rpm

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1.  验证

# 设置并启动
    systemctl start docker 
    systemctl enable  docker 
    # 拉取镜像
    docker pull daocloud.io/library/nginx:1.13.0-alpine

![在这里插入图片描述][20201111193946340.png_pic_center]

### 方法2createrepo创建远程yum源 ###

同样问题，方法1只适用于本机，为方便其他服务器想使用，可使用rpm包创建远程yum源，其他服务器直接使用此源安装。

1.  httpd安装，输入IP地址访问首页

# 安装httpd及createrepo
    yum install httpd createrepo 
    # 启动
    systemctl start httpd
    # 开机自启
    systemctl enable httpd
    # 查看状态
    systemctl status httpd
    # 关闭防火墙
    systemctl stop  firewalld

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNDM3ODc0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]  
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1.  下载需要安装的rpm包

cd /var/www/html/
    mkdir -p /centos/7/os/x86_64
    # 下载docker、gcc、vim等安装包到当前目录，实际生产环境，应该先联网下载，然后再上传到此目录
    yum install gcc docker-ce-19.03.8 vim  --downloadonly --downloaddir=/var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64
    cd /centos/7/os/x86_64
    ll

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNDM3ODc0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]

1.  制作仓库,访问httpd(http://192.168.58.240/centos/7/os/x86\_64/),搭建完成

createrepo /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64

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![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNDM3ODc0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]  
3. 另外一台服务器配置远程YUM源

# 原系统yum源配置文件进行备份
    mv /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.bak
    # 创建远程源文件
    mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d
    cd /etc/yum.repos.d
    # 创建remote.repo文件
    vi remote.repo
    # 添加内容，保存退出
    [remote]
    name=remote.repo
    baseurl=http://192.168.58.240/centos/7/os/x86_64/
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=0
    # 清除缓存
    yum clean all
    # 缓存本地信息
    yum makecache
    # 查看源列表
    yum repolist

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNDM3ODc0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]  
4. 关闭网络，验证

# 使用自己部署的yum源安装gcc
    yum install gcc

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNDM3ODc0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9]  
5. 更新，当需要添加新的安装包时，可参考以下安装redis操作,

# 联网环境先下载redis安装包，实际坏境应当下载后再上传到内网服务器
    yum install epel-release
    yum install redis   --downloadonly --downloaddir=/var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64
    # 刷新
    createrepo --update /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64
    # 另外一台服务器，执行以下命令，发现redis安装包已有了
    yum clean all
    yum clean makecache 
    yum search redis 
    yum install redis

![在这里插入图片描述][20201111204342544.png_pic_center]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNDM3ODc0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 10]  
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### 总结 ###

基于此系列，已完美解决内网安装软件的各种问题，如有错误，欢迎指正，有问题，请留言，若转载，请注明！！！

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