Yum安装MySQL8.0版本

蔚落 2023-10-09 23:56 2阅读 0赞

#### 实验环境 ####

*  操纵系统：Centos7.6
 *  IP地址：192.168.66.61
 *  内存：2G
 *  CPU：4C
 *  提前关闭selinux和防火墙
 *  配置yum源
 *  网络能够通

[root@localhost etc]# systemctl status firewalld		##查看防火墙状态，显示Active: inactive (dead)表示防火墙未开启
    ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
       Active: active (running) since 二 2023-04-11 21:43:16 CST; 21h ago
         Docs: man:firewalld(1)
     Main PID: 838 (firewalld)
        Tasks: 2
       CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
               └─838 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
    
    4月 11 21:43:15 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynam...
    4月 11 21:43:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynami...
    4月 11 21:43:16 localhost.localdomain firewalld[838]: WARNING: AllowZoneDrif...
    Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
    [root@localhost etc]# systemctl stop firewalld	#关闭防火墙
    [root@localhost etc]# systemctl start firewalld	#开启防火墙
    [root@localhost etc]# firewall-cmd --list-ports --permanent	#查看开放端口
    
    [root@localhost etc]# firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
    success
    [root@localhost etc]# firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/udp --permanent
    success
    [root@localhost etc]# firewall-cmd --reload	#防火墙重新加载配置
    success
    [root@localhost etc]# systemctl restart firewalld	#重新启动防火墙
    [root@localhost etc]# iptables -L -n

### 一、配置yum源 ###

#### 1.先备份Centos-Base.repo,然后从阿里云下载centos7-repo ####

*  备份本地yum源
    
        [root@localhost ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo  /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
 *  下载阿里云的yum源
    
        [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
        --2023-03-12 17:24:42--  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
        正在解析主机 mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 117.169.106.235, 117.169.106.236, 117.169.106.237, ...
        正在连接 mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|117.169.106.235|:80... 已连接。
        已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
        长度：2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
        正在保存至: “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo”
        
        100%[===============>] 2,523       --.-K/s 用时 0.007s  
        
        2023-03-12 17:24:43 (361 KB/s) - 已保存 “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo” [2523/2523])
        
        #可选择执行或不执行
        [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
        [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache

#### 2.安装之前的环境检查 ####

**在Centos7的系统上默认是mariadb，如果要安装MySQL需要先把系统中存在的MySQL或者mariadb删除掉。**

*  查看是否已经安装MySQL或mariadb，如果已经安装先删除

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
    mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
    mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
    mariadb-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove mariadb*

*  再次查看是否还有残留，如果有就删除

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep mysql
    qt-mysql-4.8.7-2.el7.x86_64
    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -e qt-mysql-4.8.7-2.el7.x86_64

*  MySQL和mariadb都要查看

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep maraidb
    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep mysql

*  最后查看老版本中MySQL相关的安装目录

[root@localhost ~]# find / -name mysql
    /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
    /usr/lib64/mysql
    /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/auto/DBD/mysql
    /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/DBD/mysql
    /usr/share/mysql
    [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
    [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql
    [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/auto/DBD/mysql
    [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/DBD/mysql
    [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /usr/share/mysql

#### 3.下载MySQ8.0的包 ####

**下载MySQL8.0comunity的包**  
**如果没有wget，需要先安装wget，再使用wget下载**

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install wget
    [root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
    [root@localhost ~]# ls
    anaconda-ks.cfg
    mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm

**使用rpm -ivh 安装刚刚下载的rpm包**

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
    警告：mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
    准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
    正在升级/安装...
       1:mysql80-community-release-el7-7  ################################# [100%]

**这时候会看到生成了几个与MySQL相关的repo的包**

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
    back                   CentOS-Media.repo
    CentOS-Base.repo       CentOS-Sources.repo
    CentOS-Base.repo.bak   CentOS-Vault.repo
    CentOS-CR.repo         mysql-community.repo
    CentOS-debuginfo.repo  mysql-community-source.repo
    CentOS-fasttrack.repo

#### 4.使用yum安装 ####

**注意这里需要关闭校验**

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim mysql-community.repo
    gpgcheck=0	改为0不校验
    #gpgcheck表示安装rpm包时，是否基于公私钥对匹配包的安全信息，1表示开启，0表示关闭，此项不写默认为验证
    
    解释：
    enabled=1
    #enabled表示当前仓库是否开启，1为开启，0为关闭，此项不写默认为开启
    
    gpgcheck=0
    #gpgcheck表示安装rpm包时，是否基于公私钥对匹配包的安全信息，1表示开启，0表示关闭，此项不写默认为验证

**直接使用yum安装即可**

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install mysql-community-server

**出现如图的内容表示安装成功：**

#### 5.启动并测试 ####

先启动，然后查看运行状态：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld |grep active
       Active: active (running) since 日 2023-03-12 23:32:06 CST; 23s ago
    [root@localhost ~]# ps -ef |grep mysqld |grep -v grep
    mysql      7837      1  3 23:32 ?        00:00:02 /usr/sbin/mysqld
    [root@localhost ~]# netstat -antlp |grep mysqld
    tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      7837/mysqld         
    tcp6       0      0 :::33060                :::*                    LISTEN      7837/mysqld

**查看版本：**

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -V
    mysql  Ver 8.0.32 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

### 二. 设置新密码并重新启动 ###

#### 1.设置新密码 ####

**MySQL的密码并不是默认为空，而是在启动的时候，默认在log日志中生成密码，可以通过命令查看到密码：**

[root@localhost ~]# grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log
    2023-03-12T15:32:02.523097Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: yH?LuwE2f<>+

**随机密码难记，可以设置自己的密码**

**登录数据库**

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 9
    Server version: 8.0.32
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql>

**修改密码**

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Lilinbo123!';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

**执行 flush privileges; 使密码生效**

mysql> flush privileges；
    
    mysql> quit
    Bye

**注意： `这里的密码如果设置的过于简单也会报错，要设置的复杂一点，密码长度大于8位数`**

#### 2.重新登录测试 ####

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pLilinbo123!
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 12
    Server version: 8.0.32 MySQL Community Server - GPL
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql> create database lilibo;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | lilibo             |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    +--------------------+
    5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

#### 3.设置远程登录 ####

进入配置库

mysql> use mysql
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names
    You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
    
    Database changed

更改表数据

mysql> update user set host = '%' where host = 'localhost' and user = 'root';
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
    Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

更新配置文件

mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)