python----difflib文件对比模块及其应用

古城微笑少年丶 2023-10-09 12:46 13阅读 0赞

需要知道：  
**什么是difflib? 用来做什么?**  
difflib为python的标准库模块，无需安装。  
作用时对比文本之间的差异。  
并且支持输出可读性比较强的HTML文档，与Linux下的diff 命令相似。  
在版本控制方面非常有用。  
**2. 符号理解**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>符号</th> 
   <th>含义</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>‘-’</td> 
   <td>包含在第一个系列行中，但不包含第二个。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>‘+’</td> 
   <td>包含在第二个系列行中，但不包含第一个。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>’ ’</td> 
   <td>两个系列行一致</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>‘?’</td> 
   <td>存在增量差异</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>‘^’</td> 
   <td>存在差异字符</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### 一、比较模块 ####

比较文本：  
text1 = ‘’’ 1. Beautiful is better than ugly.  
2. Explicit is better than implicit.  
3. Simple is better than complex.  
4. Complex is better than complicated.  
‘’’  
text2 = ‘’’ 1. Beautiful is better than ugly.  
3. Simple is better than complex.  
4. Complicated is better than complex.  
5. Flat is better than nested.  
‘’’

import difflib
    
    text1 = '''  1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
           2. Explicit is better than implicit.
           3. Simple is better than complex.
           4. Complex is better than complicated. '''.splitlines(keepends=True)
    
    text2 = '''  1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
           3.   Simple is better than complex.
           4. Complicated is better than complex.
           5. Flat is better than nested.
         '''.splitlines(keepends=True)
    """
    splitlines()按照行分割
    返回一个包含各行作为元素的列表
    参数：
    keepends=True 保留换行符
    keepends=False 不包含换行符
    
    """
    # 实现类似linux里面的diff命令的功能
    # d = difflib.Differ()
    #
    # print(''.join(list(d.compare(text1,text2))))
    
    d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
    htmlContent = d.make_file(text1,text2)
    # print(htmlContent)
    with open('diff.html','w') as f:
        f.write(htmlContent)

> 效果如图：  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
> 运行后自动生成html文件：  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
> 差异如下：  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

#### 二、应用 ####

**比较/tmp/下的两个文件**  
1.查看文件：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

2.设计

import difflib
    filename1 = '/tmp/passwdssss'
    filename2 = '/tmp/passwd'
    
    with open(filename1) as f1,open(filename2) as f2:
        content1 = f1.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
        content2 = f2.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
    
    d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
    htmlContent = d.make_file(content1,content2)
    with open('passwdDiff.html','w') as f:
    	 f.write(htmlContent)

> 效果如图：  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]自动生成html文件：  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
差异如下：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2019092520543523.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190925205445970.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190925205521663.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190925205540481.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190925205641464.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190925205840980.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190925205857845.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2019092520593099.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190925205940709.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190925205958189.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDI1MDM1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70