计算机网络学习 1

灰太狼 2023-10-03 15:55 30阅读 0赞

# 概述 #

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# 三种交换方式 #

![watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAQV9EX0hfRV9SX0U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16][]

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# 计算机网络性能指标 #

![watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAQV9EX0hfRV9SX0U_size_17_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 2][]

带宽和速率的区别

带宽是最高数据率，速率是实际数据率

![watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAQV9EX0hfRV9SX0U_size_17_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 3][]

## 发送时延 ##

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## 传播时延 ##

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处理时延、排队时延![watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAQV9EX0hfRV9SX0U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 4][]

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# 主机1向主机2发送数据 #

有以下步骤：

## 主机1 ##

1.现将数据传到应用层，应用层给数据加上应用层首部成为PDU

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2. 应用层将PDU传给了运输层，运输层再给他加上运输层首部成为运输层报文

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3.运输层将运输层报文传到网络层，网络层给它加上网络层首部，成为IP数据报（或分组）

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4. 网络层将IP数据报传到数据链路层，给其加上链路层首部和尾部，成为数据链路层帧

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5.数据链路层帧传到物理层，物理层把比特流传到物理媒体

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## 中间部分 ##

6.电信号（或光信号）在物理媒体中传播 从发送端物理层传送到接收端物理层

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主机2

7. 物理层接收到比特流，上交给数据链路层

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8. 数据链路层剥去帧首部和帧尾部 取出数据部分，上交给网络层

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9. 网络层剥去首部，取出数据部分 上交给运输层

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10. 运输层剥去首部，取出数据部分 上交给应用层

![watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAQV9EX0hfRV9SX0U_size_19_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 9][]

11. 应用层剥去首部，取出应用程序数据 上交给应用进程

![watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAQV9EX0hfRV9SX0U_size_19_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 10][]

12. 最后，主机2 AP2 收到了AP1的发送的数据

![watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAQV9EX0hfRV9SX0U_size_19_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 11][]

## 总结 ##

我的理解是主机1将要发送的数据往下一层层的传递，每一层给数据加上自己的首部（数据链路层还加了尾部），最后传到物理层，物理层将传下来的数据处理并传送到物理媒体，以光信号或电信号的形式在物理媒体中从发送端物理层传到接收端物理层，也就是主机2，然后物理层往上一层层传，每一层将对应的层加持的首部（还有尾部）剥离并往上传，最后，AP2就收到了AP1发送的数据。

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