`一、os包结构介绍`

Go语言标准库中os包提供了不依赖平台的操作系统接口
设计为Unix风格的，而错误处理是go风格的,失败的调用会返回错误值而非错误码。通常错误值里包含更多信息
os包及子包功能

-- os 包
  --os/exec 包,负责执行外部命令.
  --os/signal对输入信息的访问
  --os/user 通过名称或ID    查询用户账户

在os/user中提供了User结构体,表示操作系统用户

Uid 用户id
Gid 所属组id
Username 用户名
Name 所属组名
HomeDir 用户对应文件夹路径

// User represents a user account.
type User struct {
    // Uid is the user ID.
    // On POSIX systems, this is a decimal number representing the uid.
    // On Windows, this is a security identifier (SID) in a string format.
    // On Plan 9, this is the contents of /dev/user.
    Uid string
    // Gid is the primary group ID.
    // On POSIX systems, this is a decimal number representing the gid.
    // On Windows, this is a SID in a string format.
    // On Plan 9, this is the contents of /dev/user.
    Gid string
    // Username is the login name.
    Username string
    // Name is the user's real or display name.
    // It might be blank.
    // On POSIX systems, this is the first (or only) entry in the GECOS field
    // list.
    // On Windows, this is the user's display name.
    // On Plan 9, this is the contents of /dev/user.
    Name string
    // HomeDir is the path to the user's home directory (if they have one).
    HomeDir string
}

在os/user中的Group表示用户所属组

Gid 组的id
Name 组的名称

// Group represents a grouping of users.
//
// On POSIX systems Gid contains a decimal number representing the group ID.
type Group struct {
    Gid  string // group ID
    Name string // group name
}

整个os/user包中内容比较少,提供了两个错误类型和获取当前用户,查找用户

type UnknownUserError
  func (e UnknownUserError) Error() string
type UnknownUserIdError
  func (e UnknownUserIdError) Error() string
type User
  func Current() (*User, error)
  func Lookup(username string) (*User, error)
  func LookupId(uid string) (*User, error)

`二、代码示例`

可以获取当前用户或查找用户后获取用户信息

//获取当前登录用户
 //u,_:=user.Current()
 /*
 Lookup()参数是用户名,按照用户名查找指定用户对象
 注意:必须使用完整名称不可以只写zhang
  */
 u, _ := user.Lookup(`LAPTOP-M7D47U95\zhang`)
 fmt.Println(u.Name)
 fmt.Println(u.Gid)
 fmt.Println(u.HomeDir)
 fmt.Println(u.Uid)
 fmt.Println(u.Username)