JDK的版本迭代特性（JDK9 - JDK20）

小鱼儿 2023-09-27 20:34 133阅读 0赞

#### 文章目录 ####

*   *  1. 发布特点
     *  2. 名词解释
     *   *  Oracle JDK和Open JDK
         *  JEP
         *  LTS
     *  3. 各版本支持时间路线图
     *  4. 各版本介绍
     *   *  jdk 9
         *  jdk 10
         *  jdk 11
         *  jdk 12
         *  jdk 13
         *  jdk 14
         *  jdk 15
         *  jdk 16
         *  jdk 17
         *  jdk 18
         *  jdk 19
         *  jdk 20
     *  5. JDK各版本下载链接
     *  6. 应该如何学习新特性

### 1. 发布特点 ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="center">发行版本</th> 
   <th align="center">发行时间</th> 
   <th align="center">备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">Java 1.0</td> 
   <td align="center">1996.01.23</td> 
   <td align="center">Sun公司发布了Java的第一个开发工具包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">Java 5.0</td> 
   <td align="center">2004.09.30</td> 
   <td align="center">①版本号从1.4直接更新至5.0；②平台更名为JavaSE、JavaEE、JavaME</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">Java 8.0</td> 
   <td align="center">2014.03.18</td> 
   <td align="center">此版本是继Java 5.0以来变化最大的版本。是长期支持版本（<code>LTS</code>）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">Java 9.0</td> 
   <td align="center">2017.09.22</td> 
   <td align="center"><strong>此版本开始，每半年更新一次</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">Java 10.0</td> 
   <td align="center">2018.03.21</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">Java 11.0</td> 
   <td align="center">2018.09.25</td> 
   <td align="center">JDK安装包取消独立JRE安装包，是长期支持版本（<code>LTS</code>）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">Java 12.0</td> 
   <td align="center">2019.03.19</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">…</td> 
   <td align="center">…</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">Java17.0</td> 
   <td align="center">2021.09</td> 
   <td align="center">发布Java 17.0，版本号也称为21.9，是长期支持版本（<code>LTS</code>）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">…</td> 
   <td align="center">…</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">Java19.0</td> 
   <td align="center">2022.09</td> 
   <td align="center">发布Java19.0，版本号也称为22.9。</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

从Java 9 这个版本开始，Java 的计划发布周期是 `6个月`。

这意味着Java的更新从传统的以`特性驱动`的发布周期，转变为以`时间驱动`的发布模式，并且承诺不会跳票。通过这样的方式，开发团队可以把一些关键特性尽早合并到 JDK 之中，以快速得到开发者反馈，在一定程度上避免出现像 Java 9 两次被迫延迟发布的窘况。

针对企业客户的需求，Oracle 将以`三年`为周期发布长期支持版本（long term support）。

Oracle 的官方观点认为：**与 Java 7->8->9 相比，Java 9->10->11的升级和 8->8u20->8u40 更相似。**

新模式下的 Java 版本发布都会包含许多变更，包括`语言变更`和 `JVM 变更`，这两者都会对 IDE、字节码库和框架产生重大影响。此外，不仅会新增其他 API，还会有 `API被删除`（这在 Java 8 之前没有发生过）。

目前看这种发布策略是非常成功的，**解开了 Java/JVM 演进的许多枷锁，至关重要的是，OpenJDK 的权力中心，正在转移到开发社区和开发者手中。** 在新的模式中，既可以利用 LTS 满足企业长期可靠支持的需求，也可以满足各种开发者对于新特性迭代的诉求。因为用 2-3 年的最小间隔粒度来试验一个特性，基本是不现实的。

### 2. 名词解释 ###

#### Oracle JDK和Open JDK ####

这两个JDK最大不同就是许可证不一样。**但是对于个人用户来讲，没区别。**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th></th> 
   <th>Oracle JDK</th> 
   <th>Open JDK</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>来源</td> 
   <td>Oracle团队维护</td> 
   <td>Oracle和Open Java社区</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>授权协议</td> 
   <td>Java 17及更高版本 Oracle Java SE 许可证<br>Java16及更低版本甲骨文免费条款和条件 （NFTC） 许可协议</td> 
   <td>GPL v2许可证</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>关系</td> 
   <td>由Open JDK构建，增加了少许内容</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>是否收费</td> 
   <td>2021年9月起Java17及更高版本所有用户免费。 16及更低版本，个人用户、开发用户免费。</td> 
   <td>2017年9月起，所有版本免费</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>对语法的支持</td> 
   <td>一致</td> 
   <td>一致</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### JEP ####

`JEP(JDK Enhancement Proposals)`：jdk 改进提案，每当需要有新的设想时候，JEP可以提出非正式的规范(specification)，被正式认可的JEP正式写进JDK的发展路线图并分配版本号。

#### LTS ####

`LTS（Long-term Support）`即 长期支持 。Oracle官网提供了对Oracle JDK个别版本的长期支持，即使发发行了新版本，比如目前最新的JDK19，在结束日期前，LTS版本都会被长期支持。（出了bug，会被修复，非LTS则不会再有补丁发布）所以，一定要选一个LTS版本，不然出了漏洞没人修复了。

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>版本</th> 
   <th>开始日期</th> 
   <th>结束日期</th> 
   <th>延期结束日期</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>7（LTS）</td> 
   <td>2011年7月</td> 
   <td>2019年7月</td> 
   <td>2022年7月</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>8（LTS）</td> 
   <td>2014年3月</td> 
   <td>2022年3月</td> 
   <td>2030年12月</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>11（LTS）</td> 
   <td>2018年9月</td> 
   <td>2023年9月</td> 
   <td>2026年9月</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>17（LTS）</td> 
   <td>2021年9月</td> 
   <td>2026年9月</td> 
   <td>2029年9月</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>21（LTS）</td> 
   <td>2023年9月</td> 
   <td>2028年9月</td> 
   <td>2031年9月</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

如果要选择Oracle JDK，目前可选的LTS版本为8、11、17三个。

### 3. 各版本支持时间路线图 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][6ab0a6d0eea644d48fd18699ef5e6a96.png]

### 4. 各版本介绍 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][1239182ba37f420ab013844919d511f7.png]

#### jdk 9 ####

Java 9 提供了`超过150项`新功能特性，包括备受期待的模块化系统、可交互的 REPL 工具：jshell，JDK 编译工具，Java 公共 API 和私有代码，以及安全增强、扩展提升、性能管理改善等。

特性太多，查看链接：

[https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk9/][https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk9]

#### jdk 10 ####

[https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/10/][https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_10]

> 286: [Local-Variable Type Inference][] 局部变量类型推断  
> 296: [Consolidate the JDK Forest into a Single Repository][] JDK库的合并  
> 304: [Garbage-Collector Interface][] 统一的垃圾回收接口  
> 307: [Parallel Full GC for G1][] 为G1提供并行的Full GC  
> 310: [Application Class-Data Sharing][] 应用程序类数据（AppCDS）共享  
> 312: [Thread-Local Handshakes][] ThreadLocal握手交互  
> 313: [Remove the Native-Header Generation Tool (javah)][Remove the Native-Header Generation Tool _javah] 移除JDK中附带的javah工具  
> 314: [Additional Unicode Language-Tag Extensions][] 使用附加的Unicode语言标记扩展  
> 316: [Heap Allocation on Alternative Memory Devices][] 能将堆内存占用分配给用户指定的备用内存设备  
> 317: [Experimental Java-Based JIT Compiler][] 使用Graal基于Java的编译器  
> 319: [Root Certificates][] 根证书  
> 322: [Time-Based Release Versioning][] 基于时间定于的发布版本

#### jdk 11 ####

[https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/11/][https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_11]

> 181: [Nest-Based Access Control][] 基于嵌套的访问控制  
> 309: [Dynamic Class-File Constants][] 动态类文件常量  
> 315: [Improve Aarch64 Intrinsics][] 改进 Aarch64 Intrinsics  
> 318: [Epsilon: A No-Op Garbage Collector][Epsilon_ A No-Op Garbage Collector] Epsilon — 一个No-Op（无操作）的垃圾收集器  
> 320: [Remove the Java EE and CORBA Modules][] 删除 Java EE 和 CORBA 模块  
> 321: [HTTP Client (Standard)][HTTP Client _Standard] HTTPClient API  
> 323: [Local-Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters][] 用于 Lambda 参数的局部变量语法  
> 324: [Key Agreement with Curve25519 and Curve448][] Curve25519 和 Curve448 算法的密钥协议  
> 327: [Unicode 10][]  
> 328: [Flight Recorder][] 飞行记录仪  
> 329: [ChaCha20 and Poly1305 Cryptographic Algorithms][] ChaCha20 和 Poly1305 加密算法  
> 330: [Launch Single-File Source-Code Programs][] 启动单一文件的源代码程序  
> 331: [Low-Overhead Heap Profiling][] 低开销的 Heap Profiling  
> 332: [Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3][Transport Layer Security _TLS_ 1.3] 支持 TLS 1.3  
> 333: [ZGC: A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector(Experimental)][ZGC_ A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector_Experimental] 可伸缩低延迟垃圾收集器  
> 335: [Deprecate the Nashorn JavaScript Engine][] 弃用 Nashorn JavaScript 引擎  
> 336: [Deprecate the Pack200 Tools and API][] 弃用 Pack200 工具和 API

#### jdk 12 ####

[https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/12/][https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_12]

> 189：[Shenandoah: A Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector (Experimental)][Shenandoah_ A Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector _Experimental] 低暂停时间的GC  
> 230: [Microbenchmark Suite][] 微基准测试套件  
> 325: [Switch Expressions (Preview)][Switch Expressions _Preview] switch表达式  
> 334: [JVM Constants API ][JVM Constants API] JVM常量API  
> 340: [One AArch64 Port, Not Two][One AArch64 Port_ Not Two] 只保留一个AArch64实现  
> 341: [Default CDS Archives][] 默认类数据共享归档文件  
> 344: [Abortable Mixed Collections for G1][] 可中止的G1 Mixed GC  
> 346: [Promptly Return Unused Committed Memory from G1][] G1及时返回未使用的已分配内存

#### jdk 13 ####

[https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/13/][https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_13]

> 350: [Dynamic CDS Archives][] 动态CDS档案  
> 351: [ZGC: Uncommit Unused Memory][ZGC_ Uncommit Unused Memory] ZGC:取消使用未使用的内存  
> 353: [Reimplement the Legacy Socket API][] 重新实现旧版套接字API  
> 354: [Switch Expressions (Preview)][Switch Expressions _Preview 1] switch表达式（预览）  
> 355: [Text Blocks (Preview)][Text Blocks _Preview] 文本块（预览）

#### jdk 14 ####

[https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/14/][https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_14]

> 305: [Pattern Matching for instanceof (Preview)][Pattern Matching for instanceof _Preview] instanceof的模式匹配  
> 343: [Packaging Tool (Incubator)][Packaging Tool _Incubator] 打包工具  
> 345: [NUMA-Aware Memory Allocation for G1][] G1的NUMA-Aware内存分配  
> 349: [JFR Event Streaming][] JFR事件流  
> 352: [Non-Volatile Mapped Byte Buffers][] 非易失性映射字节缓冲区  
> 358: [Helpful NullPointerExceptions][] 实用的NullPointerExceptions  
> 359: [Records (Preview)][Records _Preview]  
> 361: [Switch Expressions (Standard)][Switch Expressions _Standard] Switch表达式  
> 362: [Deprecate the Solaris and SPARC Ports][] 弃用Solaris和SPARC端口  
> 363: [Remove the Concurrent Mark Sweep (CMS) Garbage Collector][Remove the Concurrent Mark Sweep _CMS_ Garbage Collector] 删除并发标记扫描（CMS）垃圾回收器  
> 364: [ZGC on macOS][]  
> 365: [ZGC on Windows][]  
> 366: [Deprecate the ParallelScavenge + SerialOld GC Combination][Deprecate the ParallelScavenge _ SerialOld GC Combination] 弃用ParallelScavenge + SerialOld GC组合  
> 367: [Remove the Pack200 Tools and API][] 删除Pack200工具和API  
> 368: [Text Blocks (Second Preview)][Text Blocks _Second Preview] 文本块  
> 370: [Foreign-Memory Access API (Incubator)][Foreign-Memory Access API _Incubator] 外部存储器访问API

#### jdk 15 ####

[https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/15/][https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_15]

> 339: [Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)][Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm _EdDSA] EdDSA 数字签名算法  
> 360: [Sealed Classes (Preview)][Sealed Classes _Preview] 密封类（预览）  
> 371: [Hidden Classes][] 隐藏类  
> 372: [Remove the Nashorn JavaScript Engine][] 移除 Nashorn JavaScript 引擎  
> 373: [Reimplement the Legacy DatagramSocket API][] 重新实现 Legacy DatagramSocket API  
> 374: [Disable and Deprecate Biased Locking][] 禁用偏向锁定  
> 375: [Pattern Matching for instanceof (Second Preview)][Pattern Matching for instanceof _Second Preview] instanceof 模式匹配（第二次预览）  
> 377: [ZGC: A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector][ZGC_ A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector] ZGC：一个可扩展的低延迟垃圾收集器  
> 378: [Text Blocks][] 文本块  
> 379: [Shenandoah: A Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector][Shenandoah_ A Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector] Shenandoah:低暂停时间垃圾收集器  
> 381: [Remove the Solaris and SPARC Ports][] 移除 Solaris 和 SPARC 端口  
> 383: [Foreign-Memory Access API (Second Incubator)][Foreign-Memory Access API _Second Incubator] 外部存储器访问 API（第二次孵化版）  
> 384: [Records (Second Preview)][Records _Second Preview] Records（第二次预览）  
> 385: [Deprecate RMI Activation for Removal][] 废弃 RMI 激活机制

#### jdk 16 ####

[https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/16/][https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_16]

> 338: [Vector API (Incubator)][Vector API _Incubator] Vector API（孵化器）  
> 347: [Enable C++14 Language Features][Enable C_14 Language Features] JDK C++的源码中允许使用C++14的语言特性  
> 357: [Migrate from Mercurial to Git][] OpenJDK源码的版本控制从Mercurial (hg) 迁移到git  
> 369: [Migrate to GitHub][] OpenJDK源码的版本控制迁移到github上  
> 376: [ZGC: Concurrent Thread-Stack Processing][ZGC_ Concurrent Thread-Stack Processing] ZGC：并发线程处理  
> 380: [Unix-Domain Socket Channels][] Unix域套接字通道  
> 386: [Alpine Linux Port][] 将glibc的jdk移植到使用musl的alpine linux上  
> 387: [Elastic Metaspace][] 弹性元空间  
> 388: [Windows/AArch64 Port][Windows_AArch64 Port] 移植JDK到Windows/AArch64  
> 389: [Foreign Linker API (Incubator)][Foreign Linker API _Incubator] 提供jdk.incubator.foreign来简化native code的调用  
> 390: [Warnings for Value-Based Classes][] 提供基于值的类的警告  
> 392: [Packaging Tool][] jpackage打包工具转正  
> 393: [Foreign-Memory Access API (Third Incubator)][Foreign-Memory Access API _Third Incubator]  
> 394: [Pattern Matching for instanceof][] Instanceof的模式匹配转正  
> 395: [Records][] Records转正  
> 396: [Strongly Encapsulate JDK Internals by Default][] 默认情况下，封装了JDK内部构件  
> 397: [Sealed Classes (Second Preview)][Sealed Classes _Second Preview] 密封类

#### jdk 17 ####

[https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/17/][https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_17]

> 306: [Restore Always-Strict Floating-Point Semantics][] 恢复始终严格的浮点语义
> 
> 356: [Enhanced Pseudo-Random Number Generators][] 增强型伪随机数生成器  
> 382: [New macOS Rendering Pipeline][] 新的macOS渲染管道  
> 391: [macOS/AArch64 Port][macOS_AArch64 Port] macOS/AArch64端口  
> 398: [Deprecate the Applet API for Removal][] 弃用Applet API后续将进行删除  
> 403: [Strongly Encapsulate JDK Internals][] 强封装JDK的内部API  
> 406: [Pattern Matching for switch (Preview)][Pattern Matching for switch _Preview] switch模式匹配（预览）  
> 407: [Remove RMI Activation][] 删除RMI激活机制  
> 409: [Sealed Classes][] 密封类转正  
> 410: [Remove the Experimental AOT and JIT Compiler][] 删除实验性的AOT和JIT编译器  
> 411: [Deprecate the Security Manager for Removal][] 弃用即将删除的安全管理器  
> 412: [Foreign Function & Memory API (Incubator)][Foreign Function _ Memory API _Incubator] 外部函数和内存API（孵化特性）  
> 414: [Vector API (Second Incubator)][Vector API _Second Incubator] Vector API（第二次孵化特性）  
> 415: [Context-Specific Deserialization Filters][] 上下文特定的反序列化过滤器

#### jdk 18 ####

[https://openjdk.org/projects/jdk/18/][https_openjdk.org_projects_jdk_18]

> 400: [UTF-8 by Default][] 默认为UTF-8  
> 408: [Simple Web Server][] 简单的Web服务器  
> 413: [Code Snippets in Java API Documentation][] Java API文档中的代码片段  
> 416: [Reimplement Core Reflection with Method Handles][] 用方法句柄重新实现核心反射  
> 417: [Vector API (Third Incubator)][Vector API _Third Incubator] Vector API(第三个孵化器)  
> 418: [Internet-Address Resolution SPI][] internet地址解析SPI  
> 419: [Foreign Function & Memory API (Second Incubator)][Foreign Function _ Memory API _Second Incubator] 外部函数与内存API(第二孵化器)  
> 420: [Pattern Matching for switch (Second Preview)][Pattern Matching for switch _Second Preview] 开关模式匹配(第二次预览)  
> 421: [Deprecate Finalization for Removal][] 不赞成删除最终化

#### jdk 19 ####

[https://openjdk.org/projects/jdk/19/][https_openjdk.org_projects_jdk_19]

> 405: [Record Patterns (Preview)][Record Patterns _Preview] 记录模式(预览)  
> 422: [Linux/RISC-V Port][Linux_RISC-V Port] Linux / RISC-V端口  
> 424: [Foreign Function & Memory API (Preview)][Foreign Function _ Memory API _Preview] 外部函数和内存API(预览)  
> 425: [Virtual Threads (Preview)][Virtual Threads _Preview] 虚拟线程(预览版)  
> 426: [Vector API (Fourth Incubator)][Vector API _Fourth Incubator] Vector API(第四个孵化器)  
> 427: [Pattern Matching for switch (Third Preview)][Pattern Matching for switch _Third Preview] 开关模式匹配(第三次预览)  
> 428: [Structured Concurrency (Incubator)][Structured Concurrency _Incubator] 结构化并发(孵化器)

#### jdk 20 ####

[https://openjdk.org/projects/jdk/20/][https_openjdk.org_projects_jdk_20]

> 429: [Scoped Values (Incubator)][Scoped Values _Incubator] 范围值(孵化器)  
> 432: [Record Patterns (Second Preview)][Record Patterns _Second Preview] 记录模式(第二次预览)  
> 433: [Pattern Matching for switch (Fourth Preview)][Pattern Matching for switch _Fourth Preview] 开关模式匹配(第四次预览)  
> 434: [Foreign Function & Memory API (Second Preview)][Foreign Function _ Memory API _Second Preview] 外部函数和内存API(第二次预览)  
> 436: [Virtual Threads (Second Preview)][Virtual Threads _Second Preview] 虚拟线程(第二次预览版)  
> 437: [Structured Concurrency (Second Incubator)][Structured Concurrency _Second Incubator] 结构化并发(第二个孵化器)  
> 438: [Vector API (Fifth Incubator)][Vector API _Fifth Incubator] 载体API（第五孵化器）

### 5. JDK各版本下载链接 ###

[https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/archive/][https_www.oracle.com_java_technologies_downloads_archive]

![在这里插入图片描述][e60f865eebd54d22ad1ab3114dd9aadd.png]

### 6. 应该如何学习新特性 ###

对于新特性，应该从哪几个角度学习新特性呢？

*  语法层面：
    
     *  比如JDK5中的自动拆箱、自动装箱、`enum`、泛型
     *  比如JDK8中的`lambda`表达式、接口中的默认方法、静态方法
     *  比如JDK10中局部变量的类型推断
     *  比如JDK12中的`switch`
     *  比如JDK13中的文本块
 *  API层面：
    
     *  比如JDK8中的`Stream`、`Optional`、新的日期时间、`HashMap`的底层结构
     *  比如JDK9中`String`的底层结构
     *  新的 / 过时的 API
 *  底层优化
    
     *  比如JDK8中永久代被元空间替代、新的JS执行引擎
     *  比如新的垃圾回收器、GC参数、JVM的优化

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[1239182ba37f420ab013844919d511f7.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/1239182ba37f420ab013844919d511f7.png
[https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk9]: https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk9/
[https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_10]: https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/10/
[Local-Variable Type Inference]: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/286
[Consolidate the JDK Forest into a Single Repository]: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/296
[Garbage-Collector Interface]: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/304
[Parallel Full GC for G1]: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/307
[Application Class-Data Sharing]: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/310
[Thread-Local Handshakes]: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/312
[Remove the Native-Header Generation Tool _javah]: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/313
[Additional Unicode Language-Tag Extensions]: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/314
[Heap Allocation on Alternative Memory Devices]: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/316
[Experimental Java-Based JIT Compiler]: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/317
[Root Certificates]: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/319
[Time-Based Release Versioning]: http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/322
[https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_11]: https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/11/
[Nest-Based Access Control]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/181
[Dynamic Class-File Constants]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/309
[Improve Aarch64 Intrinsics]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/315
[Epsilon_ A No-Op Garbage Collector]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/318
[Remove the Java EE and CORBA Modules]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/320
[HTTP Client _Standard]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/321
[Local-Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/323
[Key Agreement with Curve25519 and Curve448]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/324
[Unicode 10]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/327
[Flight Recorder]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/328
[ChaCha20 and Poly1305 Cryptographic Algorithms]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/329
[Launch Single-File Source-Code Programs]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/330
[Low-Overhead Heap Profiling]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/331
[Transport Layer Security _TLS_ 1.3]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/332
[ZGC_ A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector_Experimental]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/333
[Deprecate the Nashorn JavaScript Engine]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/335
[Deprecate the Pack200 Tools and API]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/336
[https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_12]: https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/12/
[Shenandoah_ A Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector _Experimental]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/189
[Microbenchmark Suite]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/230
[Switch Expressions _Preview]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/325
[JVM Constants API]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/334
[One AArch64 Port_ Not Two]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/340
[Default CDS Archives]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/341
[Abortable Mixed Collections for G1]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/344
[Promptly Return Unused Committed Memory from G1]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/346
[https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_13]: https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/13/
[Dynamic CDS Archives]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/350
[ZGC_ Uncommit Unused Memory]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/351
[Reimplement the Legacy Socket API]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/353
[Switch Expressions _Preview 1]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/354
[Text Blocks _Preview]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/355
[https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_14]: https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/14/
[Pattern Matching for instanceof _Preview]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/305
[Packaging Tool _Incubator]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/343
[NUMA-Aware Memory Allocation for G1]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/345
[JFR Event Streaming]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/349
[Non-Volatile Mapped Byte Buffers]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/352
[Helpful NullPointerExceptions]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/358
[Records _Preview]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/359
[Switch Expressions _Standard]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/361
[Deprecate the Solaris and SPARC Ports]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/362
[Remove the Concurrent Mark Sweep _CMS_ Garbage Collector]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/363
[ZGC on macOS]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/364
[ZGC on Windows]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/365
[Deprecate the ParallelScavenge _ SerialOld GC Combination]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/366
[Remove the Pack200 Tools and API]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/367
[Text Blocks _Second Preview]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/368
[Foreign-Memory Access API _Incubator]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/370
[https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_15]: https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/15/
[Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm _EdDSA]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/339
[Sealed Classes _Preview]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/360
[Hidden Classes]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/371
[Remove the Nashorn JavaScript Engine]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/372
[Reimplement the Legacy DatagramSocket API]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/373
[Disable and Deprecate Biased Locking]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/374
[Pattern Matching for instanceof _Second Preview]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/375
[ZGC_ A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/377
[Text Blocks]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/378
[Shenandoah_ A Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/379
[Remove the Solaris and SPARC Ports]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/381
[Foreign-Memory Access API _Second Incubator]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/383
[Records _Second Preview]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/384
[Deprecate RMI Activation for Removal]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/385
[https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_16]: https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/16/
[Vector API _Incubator]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/338
[Enable C_14 Language Features]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/347
[Migrate from Mercurial to Git]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/357
[Migrate to GitHub]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/369
[ZGC_ Concurrent Thread-Stack Processing]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/376
[Unix-Domain Socket Channels]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/380
[Alpine Linux Port]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/386
[Elastic Metaspace]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/387
[Windows_AArch64 Port]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/388
[Foreign Linker API _Incubator]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/389
[Warnings for Value-Based Classes]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/390
[Packaging Tool]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/392
[Foreign-Memory Access API _Third Incubator]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/393
[Pattern Matching for instanceof]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/394
[Records]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/395
[Strongly Encapsulate JDK Internals by Default]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/396
[Sealed Classes _Second Preview]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/397
[https_openjdk.java.net_projects_jdk_17]: https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/17/
[Restore Always-Strict Floating-Point Semantics]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/306
[Enhanced Pseudo-Random Number Generators]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/356
[New macOS Rendering Pipeline]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/382
[macOS_AArch64 Port]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/391
[Deprecate the Applet API for Removal]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/398
[Strongly Encapsulate JDK Internals]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/403
[Pattern Matching for switch _Preview]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/406
[Remove RMI Activation]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/407
[Sealed Classes]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/409
[Remove the Experimental AOT and JIT Compiler]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/410
[Deprecate the Security Manager for Removal]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/411
[Foreign Function _ Memory API _Incubator]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/412
[Vector API _Second Incubator]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/414
[Context-Specific Deserialization Filters]: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/415
[https_openjdk.org_projects_jdk_18]: https://openjdk.org/projects/jdk/18/
[UTF-8 by Default]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/400
[Simple Web Server]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/408
[Code Snippets in Java API Documentation]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/413
[Reimplement Core Reflection with Method Handles]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/416
[Vector API _Third Incubator]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/417
[Internet-Address Resolution SPI]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/418
[Foreign Function _ Memory API _Second Incubator]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/419
[Pattern Matching for switch _Second Preview]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/420
[Deprecate Finalization for Removal]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/421
[https_openjdk.org_projects_jdk_19]: https://openjdk.org/projects/jdk/19/
[Record Patterns _Preview]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/405
[Linux_RISC-V Port]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/422
[Foreign Function _ Memory API _Preview]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/424
[Virtual Threads _Preview]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/425
[Vector API _Fourth Incubator]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/426
[Pattern Matching for switch _Third Preview]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/427
[Structured Concurrency _Incubator]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/428
[https_openjdk.org_projects_jdk_20]: https://openjdk.org/projects/jdk/20/
[Scoped Values _Incubator]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/429
[Record Patterns _Second Preview]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/432
[Pattern Matching for switch _Fourth Preview]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/433
[Foreign Function _ Memory API _Second Preview]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/434
[Virtual Threads _Second Preview]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/436
[Structured Concurrency _Second Incubator]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/437
[Vector API _Fifth Incubator]: https://openjdk.org/jeps/438
[https_www.oracle.com_java_technologies_downloads_archive]: https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/archive/
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