Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of

た入场券 2023-09-25 22:11 35阅读 0赞

**1、启动报错**  
`Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: primaryJdbcTemplate,secondaryJdbcTemplate`

详细报错内容：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    
    	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:124)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:118)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
    	at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:43)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:248)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:138)
    	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$8(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:363)
    	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.executeAndMaskThrowable(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:368)
    	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$9(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:363)
    	at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193)
    	at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:175)
    	at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1374)
    	at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481)
    	at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471)
    	at java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.forEachRemaining(StreamSpliterators.java:312)
    	at java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:743)
    	at java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:742)
    	at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:580)
    	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeTestInstancePostProcessors(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:362)
    	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance$6(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:283)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:282)
    	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$4(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:272)
    	at java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:267)
    	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$5(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:271)
    	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.TestInstancesProvider.getTestInstances(TestInstancesProvider.java:31)
    	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$prepare$0(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:102)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:101)
    	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:66)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$prepare$2(NodeTestTask.java:123)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.prepare(NodeTestTask.java:123)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:90)
    	at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1249)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95)
    	at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1249)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:35)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57)
    	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:54)
    	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:107)
    	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:88)
    	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54)
    	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:67)
    	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:52)
    	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:114)
    	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:86)
    	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncherSession$DelegatingLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncherSession.java:86)
    	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.SessionPerRequestLauncher.execute(SessionPerRequestLauncher.java:53)
    	at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:71)
    	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
    	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235)
    	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54)
    Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'studentRepositoryImpl': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'jdbcTemplate'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: primaryJdbcTemplate,secondaryJdbcTemplate
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:660)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:640)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:119)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:399)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1431)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:619)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:955)
    	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:918)
    	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583)
    	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:731)
    	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:408)
    	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:307)
    	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:136)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:141)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:90)
    	... 70 more
    Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: primaryJdbcTemplate,secondaryJdbcTemplate
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveNotUnique(DependencyDescriptor.java:220)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1369)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1311)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:657)
    	... 89 more
    
    
    Process finished with exit code -1

**2、背景**  
实现 JdbcTemplate 多数据源配置。下面是`配置 JDBC 初始化`的数据源配置类DataSourceConfig。

DataSourceConfig.java

package com.example.jdbctemplateproject.config;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
    import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
    import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    
    import javax.sql.DataSource;
    
    /**
     * 配置 JDBC 初始化
     *
     * @author: shipleyleo
     * @create: 2023-04-04 20:35:30
     */
    @Configuration
    public class DataSourceConfig {
        
        @Primary
        @Bean(name = "primaryDataSource")
        @Qualifier("primaryDataSource")
        @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.primary")
        public DataSource primaryDataSource() {
        
            return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
        }
        @Bean(name = "secondaryDataSource")
        @Qualifier("secondaryDataSource")
        @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.secondary")
        public DataSource secondaryDataSource() {
        
            return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
        }
    
        @Bean(name = "primaryJdbcTemplate")
        public JdbcTemplate primaryJdbcTemplate(@Qualifier("primaryDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        
            return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
        }
        @Bean(name = "secondaryJdbcTemplate")
        public JdbcTemplate secondaryJdbcTemplate(@Qualifier("secondaryDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        
            return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
        }
    }

**3、原因分析**  
JdbcTemplate 有2个（primaryJdbcTemplate 和 secondaryJdbcTemplate），无法确定用哪个。

**4、解决方案**  
使用多数据源时，需要在其中一个 JdbcTemplate 实例上添加 `@Primary` 注解。在本案例中，需要在配置JDBC初始化的类中，找到 primaryJdbcTemplate 的方法，在方法上加上注解`@Primary`。如下所示：

@Primary
        @Bean(name = "primaryJdbcTemplate")
        public JdbcTemplate primaryJdbcTemplate(@Qualifier("primaryDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        
            return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
        }