随时可以调用公共方法的Selenium项目实战

一时失言乱红尘 2023-09-24 15:37 43阅读 0赞

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之前写的代码中都没有加入异常处理、规范写法，应该在每次查找元素或操作时加上异常处理、日志信息、失败截图等，如下：

def input_account(self, account):
            '''输入账号'''
            try:
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, 20).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(self.account))
                self.driver.find_element(*self.account).send_keys(account)
            except Exception:
                raise

但是为所有的查找元素和操作都加上这些耗时且不方便维护，为了简化操作，可以把一些公用的方法封装到 BasePage 类，其它页面 page 直接继承 BasePage 即可调用公共方法。

BasePage 类

1. 封装基本函数：执行日志、失败截图、异常处理等。

2. 所有页面公共操作方法。

文件结构：

![cd18eae9908149e49d7220b9438c9d86.png][]

示例代码：

base_page.py
    import os
    import time
    from selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement import WebElement
    from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
    from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
    from common.logger import logger
    import configs
    class BasePage:
        def __init__(self, driver):
            self.driver = driver
        def open(self, url):
            self.driver.get(url)
        def wait_ele_visible(self, locator:tuple, doc="", timeout=30, poll_frequency=0.5, ignored_exceptions=None):
            '''
            等待元素可见
            :param locator: 元素定位方式，元组形式
            :param timeout: 超时时间，默认30秒
            :param poll_frequency: 轮询时间，默认0.5秒
            :param ignored_exceptions: 要忽略的异常
            :param doc: 截图模块名称，若没有则只以时间戳明明
            :return:
            '''
            logger.info(f"等待元素 {locator} 可见")
            try:
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, poll_frequency, ignored_exceptions).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator))
            except Exception as e:
                logger.exception(f"等待元素 {locator} 可见失败")
                self.save_screenshot(doc)
                raise e
        # 查找元素
        def get_element(self, locator: tuple, doc="")->WebElement:
            logger.info(f"查找元素 {locator} ")
            try:
                return self.driver.find_element(*locator)
            except:
                logger.exception(f"查找元素 {locator} 失败")
                self.save_screenshot(doc)
                raise
        # 点击元素
        def click_element(self, locator:tuple, doc=""):
            ele = self.get_element(locator, doc)
            try:
                ele.click()
            except:
                logger.exception(f"点击元素 {locator} 失败")
                self.save_screenshot(doc)
                raise
        # 输入文本
        def input_text(self, locator:tuple, text, doc=""):
            ele = self.get_element(locator, doc)
            try:
                ele.send_keys(text)
            except:
                logger.exception(f"元素 {locator} 输入文本 {text} 失败")
                self.save_screenshot(doc)
                raise
                   # iframe 切换
    
        def switch_to_iframe(self, locator:tuple, doc=""):
    
            ele = self.get_element(locator, doc)
    
            try:
    
                self.driver.switch_to.frame(ele)
    
            except:
    
                logger.exception(f"切换到iframe {locator} 失败")
    
                self.save_screenshot(doc)
    
                raise
    
        # 失败截图
    
        def save_screenshot(self, filename):
    
            if not os.path.exists(configs.SCREENSHOT_PATH):
    
                os.mkdir(configs.SCREENSHOT_PATH)
    
            # 图片名称：模块名-页面名-函数名-年月日时分秒.png
    
            file_name = configs.SCREENSHOT_PATH + filename + "_" + time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S") + ".png"
    
            self.driver.save_screenshot(file_name)
    
            logger.info(f"成功获取截图，路径：{file_name}")

demo\_login\_page.py，页面 page 类需继承 BasePage 类：

import os
    from configparser import ConfigParser
    from common.base_page import BasePage
    class LoginPage(BasePage):
        def get_locator(self):
            conf = ConfigParser()
            print(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) + "\\page_locator\\demo_locator.ini")
            conf.read(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) + "\\page_locator\\demo_locator.ini", encoding="utf-8")
            self.url = conf.get("Base", "url")
            section = "LoginPageLocator"
            # eval 将字符串元组转换为元组
            self.login_by_pwd_btn = eval(conf.get(section, "login_by_pwd_btn"))
            self.account = eval(conf.get(section, "account"))
            self.pwd = eval(conf.get(section, "pwd"))
            self.login_btn = eval(conf.get(section, "login_btn"))
        def __init__(self, driver):
            super().__init__(driver)
            self.get_locator()
        def login(self, account, password):
            doc = "登录页面_登录"
            self.driver.get(self.url)                   # 打开登录页面
            self.click_element(self.login_by_pwd_btn, doc)    # 点击密码登录
            self.input_text(self.account, account, doc)  # 输入账号
            self.input_text(self.pwd, password, doc)     # 输入密码
            self.click_element(self.login_btn, doc)      # 点击登录

demo\_home\_page.py，页面 page 类需继承 BasePage 类：

import os
    from configparser import ConfigParser
    from common.base_page import BasePage
    class HomePage(BasePage):
        def get_locator(self):
            conf = ConfigParser()
            conf.read(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) + "\\page_locator\\demo_locator.ini",encoding="utf-8")
            section = "HomePageLocator"
            self.account_info = eval(conf.get(section, "account_info"))
        def __init__(self, driver):
            super().__init__(driver)
            self.get_locator()
        def is_account_info_exist(self):
            try:
                self.wait_ele_visible(self.account_info)
                return True
            except Exception:
                return False

test\_demo.py：

from pytest_assume.plugin import assume
    from selenium import webdriver
    from po.page_object.demo_home_page import HomePage
    from po.page_object.demo_login_page import LoginPage
    class TestLogin():
        def setup_class(self):
            self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
            self.driver.maximize_window()
            self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
        def teardown_class(self):
            self.driver.quit()
        def test_demo(self):
            self.login_page = LoginPage(self.driver)
            self.home_page = HomePage(self.driver)
            self.login_page.login("15348369418", "Pan910124")
            with assume:
                assert self.home_page.is_account_info_exist()

对于一些通用的方法，我们也可根据自己的需要进行封装，譬如从 demo\_locator.ini 文件获取数据，我们可以封装一个工具类 handle\_ini.py 放在 common 模块下：

import os
    from configparser import ConfigParser
    class HandleIni(ConfigParser):
        # 已字典格式返回 ini 文件中某个 section 的数据
        def get_locator_dict(self, locator_file, section):
            conf = ConfigParser()
            conf.read(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) + "\\po\\page_locator\\" + locator_file, encoding="utf-8")
            section_data = {}
            for key in conf.options(section):
                section_data[key] = conf.get(section, key)
            return section_data

那么其他页面类就可以使用 HandleIni 工具类来获取数据：

# demo_home_page.py
    from common.base_page import BasePage
    from common.handle_ini import HandleIni
    class HomePage(BasePage):
        def get_locator(self):
            locators = HandleIni().get_locator_dict("demo_locator.ini", "HomePageLocator")
            self.account_info = eval(locators.get("account_info"))
        def __init__(self, driver):
            super().__init__(driver)
            self.get_locator()
        def is_account_info_exist(self):
            try:
                self.wait_ele_visible(self.account_info)
                return True
            except Exception:
                return False

--------------------

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[cd18eae9908149e49d7220b9438c9d86.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/cd18eae9908149e49d7220b9438c9d86.png
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