JAVA生成二维码QRcode

清疚 2023-09-23 20:20 129阅读 0赞

#### JAVA生成二维码QRcode ####

*  1 : 配置集成
 *   *  1.1、配置maven
     *  1.2、配置文件
     *  1.3、logo文件
 *  2 : 代码集成
 *   *  2.1、加载配置文件
     *  2.2、工具类
     *  2.3、测试类
 *  3 : 测试结果
 *   *  3.1、生成二维码
     *  3.2、扫描结果
     *  3.3、资源

## 1 : 配置集成 ##

### 1.1、配置maven ###

pom文件中添加一下配置

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
        <artifactId>core</artifactId>
        <version>3.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

### 1.2、配置文件 ###

新建配置文件 qr-image-config.properties  
放置路径 /app/qrcode/config

#是否使用默认验证码:true:使用默认验证码;false:不使用默认验证码
    useDefaultCode = false
    #默认验证码
    defaultCode = 123456
    #二维码需要嵌入的图片地址,不设置则不嵌入
    signImagePath = /app/qrcode/logo/logo.png
    #二维码上传至服务器的地址
    imageUploadPath = /app/qrcode/generate/
    #二维码生成的随机数位数
    codeDigit = 6
    #二维码生成的随机数类型:1:数字;2:大写字母;3:小写字母;4:数字+大写字母;5:数字+小写字母;6:数字+大小写字母
    codeType = 6
    #二维码生成的图片类型
    fileType = .jpg
    #二维码有效期,单位秒
    validityTime = 60

### 1.3、logo文件 ###

可有可无，不需要也可以不用  
logo图片 logo.png  
放置路径 /app/qrcode/logo  
![在这里插入图片描述][cb8ea33918014be5b17f3993e237e361.jpeg_pic_center]

## 2 : 代码集成 ##

### 2.1、加载配置文件 ###

新建 QrImagePathConfig.java

package com.qrcode;
    
    import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
    import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
    import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
    import org.springframework.core.io.support.EncodedResource;
    import org.springframework.core.io.support.PropertiesLoaderUtils;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Properties;
    
    /**
     * 获取二维码图片存取路径
     */
    public class QrImagePathConfig {
        
        private Log log = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());
    	private static final QrImagePathConfig QR_CONFIG = new QrImagePathConfig();
    	private static final String CONFIG_FILE_NAME = "/app/qrcode/config/qr-image-config.properties";
    
        private String useDefaultCode ;//是否使用默认验证码:true:使用默认验证码;false:不使用默认验证码
        private String defaultCode ;//默认验证码
    	private String signImagePath ;//二维码需要嵌入的图片地址
    	private String imageUploadPath ;//二维码上传至服务器的地址
    	private String codeDigit ;//二维码生成的随机数位数
        private String codeType ;//二维码生成的随机数类型:1:数字;2:大写字母;3:小写字母;4:数字+大写字母;5:数字+小写字母;6:数字+大小写字母
    	private String fileType ;//二维码生成的图片类型
        private String validityTime ;//二维码有效期,单位秒
    
        public String getUseDefaultCode() {
        
            return useDefaultCode;
        }
        public void setUseDefaultCode(String useDefaultCode) {
        
            this.useDefaultCode = useDefaultCode;
        }
        public String getDefaultCode() {
        
            return defaultCode;
        }
        public void setDefaultCode(String defaultCode) {
        
            this.defaultCode = defaultCode;
        }
        public String getSignImagePath() {
        
            return signImagePath;
        }
        public void setSignImagePath(String signImagePath) {
        
            this.signImagePath = signImagePath;
        }
        public String getImageUploadPath() {
        
            return imageUploadPath;
        }
        public void setImageUploadPath(String imageUploadPath) {
        
            this.imageUploadPath = imageUploadPath;
        }
        public String getCodeDigit() {
        
            return codeDigit;
        }
        public void setCodeDigit(String codeDigit) {
        
            this.codeDigit = codeDigit;
        }
        public String getCodeType() {
        
            return codeType;
        }
        public void setCodeType(String codeType) {
        
            this.codeType = codeType;
        }
        public String getFileType() {
        
            return fileType;
        }
        public void setFileType(String fileType) {
        
            this.fileType = fileType;
        }
        public String getValidityTime() {
        
            return validityTime;
        }
        public void setValidityTime(String validityTime) {
        
            this.validityTime = validityTime;
        }
    
        public static QrImagePathConfig getQrConfig() {
        
    		return QR_CONFIG;
    	}
    	static{
        
            QR_CONFIG.loadProperties();
    	}
    	private void loadProperties(){
        
    		 try {
        
    			 Properties properties = null;
    			 if(CONFIG_FILE_NAME.startsWith("/")){
        
                     properties = new Properties();
                     properties.load(new FileReader(new File(CONFIG_FILE_NAME)));
    			 } else {
        
                     properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new EncodedResource(new ClassPathResource(CONFIG_FILE_NAME),"UTF-8"));
    			 }
    			 log.info("加载文件" + CONFIG_FILE_NAME + "成功!");
                 String useDefaultCode = properties.getProperty("useDefaultCode");
                 String defaultCode = properties.getProperty("defaultCode");
    			 String signImagePath = properties.getProperty("signImagePath");
    			 String imageUploadPath = properties.getProperty("imageUploadPath");
    			 String codeDigit = properties.getProperty("codeDigit");
                 String codeType = properties.getProperty("codeType");
    			 String fileType = properties.getProperty("fileType");
    			 String validityTime = properties.getProperty("validityTime");
    			 log.info("useDefaultCode:"+useDefaultCode+"defaultCode:"+defaultCode+"signImagePath:"+signImagePath+",imageUploadPath:"+imageUploadPath+",codeDigit:"+codeDigit+",codeType:"+codeType+",fileType:"+fileType+",validityTime:"+validityTime);
                 QR_CONFIG.useDefaultCode = useDefaultCode;
                 QR_CONFIG.defaultCode = defaultCode;
    			 QR_CONFIG.signImagePath = signImagePath;
                 QR_CONFIG.imageUploadPath = imageUploadPath;
                 QR_CONFIG.codeDigit = codeDigit;
                 QR_CONFIG.codeType = codeType;
                 QR_CONFIG.fileType = fileType;
                 QR_CONFIG.validityTime = validityTime;
    		} catch (IOException e) {
        
    			log.warn("加载配置文件：" + CONFIG_FILE_NAME + " 失败",e);
    		}
    	}
    }

### 2.2、工具类 ###

新建BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java

package com.qrcode;
    
    import java.awt.Graphics2D;
    import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
    
    public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {
        
        private final BufferedImage image;
        private final int left;
        private final int top;
    
        public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {
        
            this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
        }
    
        public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
        
            super(width, height);
    
            int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
            int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
            if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
        
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");
            }
    
            for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {
        
                for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {
        
                    if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
        
                        image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white
                    }
                }
            }
    
            this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
            this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
            this.left = left;
            this.top = top;
        }
    
        public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {
        
            if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {
        
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested row is outside the image: " + y);
            }
            int width = getWidth();
            if (row == null || row.length < width) {
        
                row = new byte[width];
            }
            image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);
            return row;
        }
    
        public byte[] getMatrix() {
        
            int width = getWidth();
            int height = getHeight();
            int area = width * height;
            byte[] matrix = new byte[area];
            image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);
            return matrix;
        }
    
        public boolean isCropSupported() {
        
            return true;
        }
    
        public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {
        
            return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left, this.top + top, width, height);
        }
    
        public boolean isRotateSupported() {
        
            return true;
        }
    
        public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {
        
            int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
            int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
            AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);
            BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
            Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();
            g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
            g.dispose();
            int width = getWidth();
            return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top, sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);
        }
    }

新建 QRCodeUtil.java

package com.qrcode;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.util.Hashtable;
    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
    import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
    import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
    import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
    import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
    import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
    import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
    import com.google.zxing.Result;
    import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
    import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
    import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
    
    public class QRCodeUtil {
        
        private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
        private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
        // 二维码尺寸
        private static final int QR_CODE_SIZE = 300;
        // LOGO宽度
        private static final int WIDTH = 60;
        // LOGO高度
        private static final int HEIGHT = 60;
    
        private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        
            Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
            hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
            //设置编码字符集
            hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
            hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
            //1、生成二维码
            BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QR_CODE_SIZE, QR_CODE_SIZE, hints);
            //2、获取二维码宽高
            int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
            int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
            //3、将二维码放入缓冲流
            BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
            for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
        
                for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
        
                    //4、循环将二维码内容定入图片
                    image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);
                }
            }
            if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
        
                return image;
            }
            // 插入图片
            QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
            return image;
        }
    
        private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        
            File file = new File(imgPath);
            if (!file.exists()) {
        
                System.err.println("" + imgPath + "   该文件不存在！");
                return;
            }
            Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
            int width = src.getWidth(null);
            int height = src.getHeight(null);
            if (needCompress) {
         // 压缩LOGO
                if (width > WIDTH) {
        
                    width = WIDTH;
                }
                if (height > HEIGHT) {
        
                    height = HEIGHT;
                }
                Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
                BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
                Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
                g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图
                g.dispose();
                src = image;
            }
            // 插入LOGO
            Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
            int x = (QR_CODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
            int y = (QR_CODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
    //        graph.setColor(Color.BLUE);//设定嵌入的图像边框颜色
            graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
            Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
            graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
            graph.draw(shape);
            graph.dispose();
        }
    
        public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        
            BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
            mkdirs(destPath);
            // String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
            // ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));
            ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath));
        }
    
        public static BufferedImage encode(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        
            BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
            return image;
        }
    
        public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
        
            File file = new File(destPath);
            // 当文件夹不存在时，mkdirs会自动创建多层目录，区别于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
            if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
        
                file.mkdirs();
            }
        }
    
        public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath) throws Exception {
        
            QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
        }
        // 被注释的方法
    	/*
    	 * public static void encode(String content, String destPath, boolean
    	 * needCompress) throws Exception { QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath,
    	 * needCompress); }
    	 */
    
        public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
        
            QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
        }
    
        public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, OutputStream output, boolean needCompress)
                throws Exception {
        
            BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
            ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
        }
    
        public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output) throws Exception {
        
            QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);
        }
    
        public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
        
            BufferedImage image;
            image = ImageIO.read(file);
            if (image == null) {
        
                return null;
            }
            BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
            BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
            Result result;
            Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
            hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
            result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
            String resultStr = result.getText();
            return resultStr;
        }
    
        public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
        
            return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));
        }
    }

### 2.3、测试类 ###

新建 QrCodeTest.java

package com.qrcode;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Random;
    import java.util.UUID;
    
    public class QrCodeTest {
        
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
            //text存放在二维码中的内容
            String num = "";
            if("true".equals(QrImagePathConfig.getQrConfig().getUseDefaultCode())){
        
                num = QrImagePathConfig.getQrConfig().getDefaultCode();
            } else {
        
                num = getRandomCodeByDigitAndType(Integer.valueOf(QrImagePathConfig.getQrConfig().getCodeDigit()),Integer.valueOf(QrImagePathConfig.getQrConfig().getCodeType()));
            }
            String text = "二维码测试,验证码为:\n" + "*********************\n" + "****** "+ num +" ******\n" + "*********************";
            //imgPath嵌入二维码的图片路径
    //        String imgPath = "E:\\app\\qrcode\\config\\logo.png";
    //        String imgPath = "/app/qrcode/config/logo.png";
            String imgPath = QrImagePathConfig.getQrConfig().getSignImagePath();
            //destPath生成的二维码的路径及名称
            String fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-", "").substring(0,10);
            String destPath = QrImagePathConfig.getQrConfig().getImageUploadPath() + fileName + QrImagePathConfig.getQrConfig().getFileType();
            //生成二维码
            //text:编码到二维码中的内容;imgPath:要嵌入二维码的图片路径,如果不写或者为null则生成一个没有嵌入图片的纯净的二维码
            //destPath:生成的二维码的存放路径;true:表示将嵌入二维码的图片进行压缩,如果为“false”则表示不压缩.
            QRCodeUtil.encode(text, imgPath, destPath, true);
            //解析二维码
            //destPath:将要解析的二维码的存放路径;该方法返回值为String类型,即返回解析出的文字或者数字等.
            String str = QRCodeUtil.decode(destPath);
            //打印出解析出的内容
            System.out.println(str);
            //二维码存的信息越多,二维码图片也就越复杂,容错率也就越低,识别率也越低,并且二维码能存的内容大小也是有限的(大概500个汉字左右)
        }
    
        /**
         * 根据位数和类型获取验证码
         * @param codeDigit  随机数位数
         * @param codeType  随机数类型:1:数字;2:大写字母;3:小写字母;4:数字+大写字母;5:数字+小写字母;6:数字+大小写字母
         * @return
         */
        public static String getRandomCodeByDigitAndType(Integer codeDigit,Integer codeType) {
        
            String string = "";
            String numStr = "0123456789";
            String lowerCaseLetter = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
            String upperCaseLetter = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
            switch (codeType){
        
                case 1:
                    string = numStr;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    string = upperCaseLetter;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    string = lowerCaseLetter;
                    break;
                case 4:
                    string = numStr + upperCaseLetter;
                    break;
                case 5:
                    string = numStr + lowerCaseLetter;
                    break;
                case 6:
                    string = numStr + lowerCaseLetter + upperCaseLetter;
                    break;
            }
            string = getStringForDisorderSorting(string);//将字符串的顺序打乱
            StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();//声明一个StringBuffer对象保存验证码
            for (int i = 0; i < codeDigit; i++) {
        
                Random random = new Random();//创建随机数生成器
                int index = random.nextInt(string.length());//返回[0,string.length)范围的int值,保存下标
                char charAt = string.charAt(index);//charAt(),返回指定索引处的char值
                stringBuilder.append(charAt);//将charAt字符串追加到此序列
            }
            return stringBuilder.toString();//返回字符串
        }
    
        /**
         * 随机打乱一个字符串的排序方式
         * @param string
         * @return
         */
        private static String getStringForDisorderSorting(String string) {
        
            char[] chars = string.toCharArray();
            List<Character> characterList = new ArrayList<Character>();
            for(char ch:chars){
        
                characterList.add(ch);
            }
            Collections.shuffle(characterList);
            StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
            for(Character character:characterList){
        
                stringBuilder.append(character);
            }
            return stringBuilder.toString();
        }
    
        /**
         * 根据位数获取数字验证码
         * @param codeDigit
         * @return
         */
        private static String getRandomNum(Integer codeDigit){
        
            StringBuilder stringBuilder=new StringBuilder();
            Random random = new Random();
            for (int i = 0; i < codeDigit; i++) {
        
                stringBuilder.append(random.nextInt(10));
            }
            return stringBuilder.toString();
        }
    }

## 3 : 测试结果 ##

### 3.1、生成二维码 ###

在路径 /app/qrcode/generate  
![在这里插入图片描述][ac371f18e4c24504a4cb933a956a7cfe.jpeg]

### 3.2、扫描结果 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][d139a659852348478c4c0380306ca744.jpeg]

### 3.3、资源 ###

CSDN下载链接：[https://download.csdn.net/download/qq\_38254635/87351537][https_download.csdn.net_download_qq_38254635_87351537]  
百度云下载链接：[https://pan.baidu.com/s/1zBaTmv2WgG8Ihx-HIEdoow?pwd=v7mc][https_pan.baidu.com_s_1zBaTmv2WgG8Ihx-HIEdoow_pwd_v7mc]  
提取码: v7mc

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[cb8ea33918014be5b17f3993e237e361.jpeg_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/cb8ea33918014be5b17f3993e237e361.jpeg#pic_center
[ac371f18e4c24504a4cb933a956a7cfe.jpeg]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/ac371f18e4c24504a4cb933a956a7cfe.jpeg
[d139a659852348478c4c0380306ca744.jpeg]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/d139a659852348478c4c0380306ca744.jpeg
[https_download.csdn.net_download_qq_38254635_87351537]: https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_38254635/87351537
[https_pan.baidu.com_s_1zBaTmv2WgG8Ihx-HIEdoow_pwd_v7mc]: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1zBaTmv2WgG8Ihx-HIEdoow?pwd=v7mc