英语语法汇总（9.时态）

比眉伴天荒 2023-09-23 13:17 90阅读 0赞

# 9.时态 #

## 概述 ##

英语动词为现在，过去和将来。

动词时态常常伴随相应的事件和频度的状语

## 一般现在时 ##

*  陈述现在事件内发生或存在的事件，动作或情况
 *  陈述永恒的真理
    
     *  the earth goes around the sun
 *  现阶段内发生的情况
    
     *  I like sports
 *  表习惯性动作，不断重复的动作
    
     *  I get up at 7am
 *  关于时间表或日程表上安排好的事情时，现在时表将来
    
     *  the concert begins at 7 and ends at 9
 *  一般现在时，主语第三人称，谓语动词后+s
    
     *  多数动词+s
     *  以字母o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词+es
     *  以辅音y结尾，y变i+es
 *  使用频度副词，如always,sometiems等习惯性动作
 *

## 一般过去时 ##

*  表示过去某一时间发生的而现在已经结束的动作，事情或状态，yesterday,just now等连用
 *  动词过去规则
    
     *  动词原形+ed
     *  e结尾+d
        
         *  以浊辅音或原音结尾读【d】 climbed saved
         *  以清辅音或原音结尾读【t】 cashed shopped asked
         *  以t或d结尾读【id】 visited handed
     *  以辅音y变ied
     *  不规则需另记
 *  一般和过去的时间连用

## 一般将来时 ##

*  shall,will,be going to +动词原形
    
     *  will用于所有人称–否定 won’t
     *  shall 用在第一人称–否定 shan’t
 *  be going to +动词原形 表将来，用于非正式
    
     *  表马上，或不久
        
         *  I am going to travel by air next week
     *  表打算
        
         *  I’m going to write to him
     *  在条件句中，一般将来时由一般现在时表现，主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时,也用在时间状语中
        
         *  if he is out, I’ll call tomorrow
         *  I shall wait here until he comes

## 现在进行时 ##

*  be+动词的现在分词 表说话时正在进行的动作或事情，now, at the moment
 *  也用在短暂时的情况或动作
    
     *  what’s your son doing these days?
 *  与副词always, constantly等连用，表不断重复的动作
    
     *  she is always helping people
 *  动作或发生的情况多，表抱怨
    
     *  our burglar alarm is forever going off for no reason

## 过去进行时 ##

*  过去某个时间正在进行动作或状态，不一定需要时间状语
    
     *  his wife was sitting beside him
 *  all连用，表动作的持续
    
     *  it was raining all night
 *  和连词when,as ,just as等连用，构成时间状语从句
    
     *  while I was watering the garden, it began to rain
 *  表并行的动作，与while，at the time等连用，强调同时进行的两种动作
 *  Meanwhile 与此同时，表正在进行
 *  过去进行和used to区别
    
     *  过去进行表过去某个时间正在发生的动作，used to+不定式，表过去的习惯
        
         *  I used to go to work by bus
 *

## 现在完成时 ##

*  表从过去并持续到现在的动作，for+一段时间，since+某个时间点
    
     *  I has been there for six months
 *  过去不确定的时间内发生但对现在有影响
    
     *  I have read the book, but I don’t understand it
 *  表刚刚完成的动作，与recently连用
    
     *  I have just received a letter from my brother
 *  表最近发生，与recently用于肯定，yet用于否定
    
     *  I have not passed my driving test yet
 *  描述重复动作
 *  表示结论性陈述
    
     *  On the whole, business has been very good this year
 *  have gone have been的区别
    
     *  he have gone to there 他在那或去的路上
     *  he have been to there 他曾经去那，但现在不在
 *  一般过去和现在完成区别
    
     *  一般过去：时间明确，关心过去的时间或结果
     *  现在完成：关心现在的结果

## 过去完成时 ##

*  表连个时间中过去一个动作开始之前另一个动作已经完成，前面动作用过去完成时
    
     *  the patient had been dead when the doctor arrived
 *  句子中after暗示时间先后顺序的状语从句，主句和重句的先后关系
    
     *  After her husband had gone to work, she sent her children to shool
 *  谈及过去不同时间发生的两个动作，动作发生顺序描述，用一般过去时
    
     *  he said the job was tirred
 *  过去完成时表之前，不能用ago，必须用before，前者时间起点是现在，后者描述时间起点是过去的时间
    
     *  A week before, he had completed the job
 *  过去完成时的作用相当于现在完成时的过去形式，
    
     *  he was excited because he had never been to a dance before
 *  过去完成时被动
    
     *  had +been+ 过去分词
     *  when she came, the room had already been cleaned
 *  no sooner…than (才。。就)，hardly…when 表某件事随着另一件事发生
    
     *  No sooner did she reach the surface than she was pulled back again

## 现在/过去完成进行时 ##

*  表动作某一段时间内一直持续进行
 *  表目前动作人在进行，用for，since引导
 *  表重复的动作
 *  直接或间接得出结论
    
     *  your eyes are red. you’ve been crying
     *

## 过去将来时 ##

*  was/were going to, was/were about to, was/were to .was to have +过去分词等表曾经过去预计发生的使其能够
    
     *  We were about to leave when a car drove up
 *  表无法预见的结果
    
     *  they were to be reunited ten years later
 *  过去将来时表过去因故中断，just…when
    
     *  we were just going to leave when he fell
 *  was going to、 was to have+过去分词的不同
    
     *  I was going to see my teacher 我要去看老师可能看见，也可能没看见
     *  I was to have seen my teacher 没有见到他 没有看见adrai.github.io/flowchart.js/