安装mysql教程

Myth丶恋晨 2023-08-17 17:24 83阅读 0赞

# linux下安装mysql #

## **方式一：源码包安装** ##

环境介绍：本安装教程基于虚拟机CentOS7.6版本进行安装，mysql版本为5.7版本。

## 一、卸载已安装的mysql服务 ##

由于我原本在虚拟机已安装过mysql，所以这里我需要先卸载掉mysql才能进行实验安装教程，若你从未安装过mysql无需进行这一步操作。

查看是否安装有mysql服务可以通过以下命令：

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
    mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch
    mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64
    mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64
    mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64
    mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64
    mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64
    [root@localhost ~]#

查看mysql是否正在运行，若在运行，应先将服务停止再进行卸载

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld status
    Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
    ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: inactive (dead) since Sat 2019-07-20 13:59:09 CST; 28s ago
         Docs: man:mysqld(8)
               http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
      Process: 7698 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Process: 6813 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Main PID: 7826 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    
    Jul 20 13:50:13 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
    Jul 20 13:50:17 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
    Jul 20 13:59:08 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping MySQL Server...
    Jul 20 13:59:09 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Server.
    [root@localhost ~]# service mysqld stop

开始卸载

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e $(rpm -qa | grep mysql-)
    error: Failed dependencies:
        libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64
        libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64
    [root@localhost ~]#

由于有些库被其他服务依赖无法卸载，需要先卸载依赖该库的服务。这里我们直接用--nodeps参数忽略依赖

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e $(rpm -qa | grep mysql-) --nodeps
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
    [root@localhost ~]#

卸载完成

## 二、下载源码包 ##

官网mysql5.7源码包下载地址：https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.26.tar.gz

下载完成后，我们根据官方的[安装文档][Link 1]一步一步来操作。

警告：文档提示对于用yum安装过mysql的linux环境，需要彻底的卸载干净，将原有的数据库文件以及配置文件删除。

rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
    rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb
    rpm -e postfix mariadb-libs redhat-lsb-core

[root@localhost src]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
    [root@localhost src]# rm -rf /var/log/mysqld.log 
    [root@localhost src]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

重要：mysql依赖于libaio库，对于5.7.19以及之后的mysql，它将依赖于libnuma库，可以通过yum来进行搜索安装。

### 源码安装所需工具 ###

1. CMake，用来在所有平台构建框架，可从 [http://www.cmake.org][http_www.cmake.org]下载

2. 一个C++编译器

3. boost C++库，版本为[Boost 1.59.0][]，boost安装好后需要指定它的目录位置，cmake . \-DWITH\_BOOST=/usr/local/boost\_1\_59\_0

4. ncurses库

5. bison库

## 三、正式开始安装 ##

安装Boost 1.59.0，下载地址：https://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost\_1\_59\_0.tar.gz

需要先下载编译器才能编译

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y gcc-c++ gcc
    ---省略安装过程---

解压缩编译安装（好像不用安装，只要cmake参数指定该目录就行）

[root@localhost src]# tar -xzf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
    [root@localhost src]# cd boost_1_59_0
    [root@localhost boost_1_59_0]# 
    [root@localhost boost_1_59_0]# ./bootstrap.sh --prefix=/usr/local/boost/
    [root@localhost boost_1_59_0]# ./b2 install
    编译过程时间较长. . .
    common.copy /usr/local/boost/lib/libboost_timer.a
    gcc.compile.c++ bin.v2/libs/test/build/gcc-4.8.5/release/link-static/threading-multi/test_main.o
    gcc.archive bin.v2/libs/test/build/gcc-4.8.5/release/link-static/threading-multi/libboost_test_exec_monitor.a
    common.copy /usr/local/boost/lib/libboost_test_exec_monitor.a
    ...failed updating 58 targets...
    ...skipped 12 targets...
    ...updated 12754 targets...
    [root@localhost boost_1_59_0]#

安装依赖库

[root@localhost src]# yum install -y cmake numactl-libs ncurses ncurses-devel bison

解压缩源码包，进入源码包配置环境参数

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.26]# tar xf mysql-5.7.26.tar.gz
    [root@localhost mysql-5.7.26]# cmake . -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/src/boost_1_59_0 \

> -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
    > -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/var/mysql/data \
    > -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
    > -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
    > -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_bin

开始编译安装，时间可能比较长

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.26]# make && make install

创建mysql用户和组，以及文件所有者

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.26]# useradd -r -s /bin/false mysql
    [root@localhost mysql-5.7.26]# ll -d /usr/local/mysql
    drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 186 Jul 23 15:40 /usr/local/mysql
    [root@localhost mysql-5.7.26]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
    [root@localhost mysql]# mkdir -p /var/mysql/data
    [root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/mysql/data

初始化服务程序

shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql 
    shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup              
    shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
    shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

初始化时会有日志显示出来，里面就有数据库的初始密码，需要登录数据库重置密码

[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql 
    2019-07-23T07:55:22.024968Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
    2019-07-23T07:55:22.707093Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
    2019-07-23T07:55:22.825200Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
    2019-07-23T07:55:22.887278Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 395372bf-ad1f-11e9-9895-000c2966b1a5.
    2019-07-23T07:55:22.894216Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
    2019-07-23T07:55:22.898770Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ZhsIqjl1!aL*

添加命令进环境变量

vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
    export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

shell> source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

进入数据库，修改初始密码

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 2
    Server version: 5.7.26
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql>

设置开机启动服务

[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig mysql.server on
    [root@localhost mysql]# service mysql.server status　　# 查看mysql启动状态
     SUCCESS! MySQL running (9907)
    [root@localhost mysql]#

由于5.7版本后都没有初始的my.cnf文件，需要自己创建，我们创建/etc/my.cnf文件

vim /etc/my.cnf
    [mysqld]
    log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

## 方式二：yum 安装mysql ##

下载mysql安装源

yum localinstall https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

选择安装mysql版本，这里我们安装5.7版本

yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
    yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community

开始安装

yum install mysql-community-server

开启服务，并设置自启

service mysqld start
    systemctl enable mysqld

查看初始密码

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

# Windows下安装mysql #

下载mysql压缩包

![1603237-20190812200628241-400433689.png][]

进入安装包目录，创建data文件夹，进入命令行界面，记住是在bin目录下

mysqld --initialize-insecure    # 不安全初始化
    # 或者
    mysqld --initialize　　# 安全初始化，会有初始密码
    mysqld --install # 安装
    net start mysql　　# 开启服务
    mysql -uroot -p # 登录

若是安全初始化，需要在日志中查看初始密码，日志在安装目录/data/下，以.err结尾的文件，里面有一行有temporary password就是初始密码

如果要在任何目录都能连接mysql，需要将bin/目录添加入环境变量，window中mysql的配置文件为安装包目录下自主创建my.ini文件

至此，mysql安装教程结束。

### 忘记密码修改方法 ###

首先关闭mysql服务

net stop mysql　　# window
    # 或者
    service mysql stop　　# linux

启动忽略模式，会进入阻塞状态

mysqld --skip-grant-tables

打开另一终端进行登录，无需密码，登录后修改密码

mysql -uroot -p
    update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root' and host='localhost';　　# 修改密码

## 总结： ##

这是我第一次源码包安装mysql，发现自己还是对于linux不太熟悉，很多常见目录不知道用途，编译的过程中也遇到了很多的报错

主要是通过搜索引擎解决的，遇到报错先看报错信息，很多报错信息都是很容易看懂的，试着自己解决下报错确实会有很大的成就感，

通过这次安装，也知道了源码包安装是多么的繁琐，之前用yum安装简直是太方便了，不过用源码包安装才能让自己对这个软件的环境

更加的熟悉。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/welisit/p/11217613.html

[Link 1]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-installation.html
[http_www.cmake.org]: http://www.cmake.org/
[Boost 1.59.0]: https://www.boost.org/
[1603237-20190812200628241-400433689.png]: /images/20230808/f81a8f20a28248acb4cc3f6e7add7748.png