springBoot 整合Hbase及自带聚和协处理器的使用

r囧r小猫 2023-08-17 15:45 66阅读 0赞

1、前言

springBoot整合hbase有两种方式：

*  一种是使用spring-boot-starter-hbase，但是这种方式，使用时需要先创建hbase表的实体类和转换类，有点类似jpa，但是对于非关系型数据库，我不是很喜欢这种用法。而且spring-boot-starter-hbase只有一个1.0.0.RELEASE的版本，对于新版hbase的兼容性尚待测试。
 *  所以本文介绍的是第二种方式，使用org.apache.hbase提供的工具包，使用的版本是2.1.0

2、引入依赖

<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
    			<artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId>
    			<version>2.1.0</version>
    		</dependency>
    
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
    			<artifactId>hbase-endpoint</artifactId>
    			<version>2.1.0</version>
    		</dependency>

3、编写工具类

@Component
    public class HbaseUtil {
        
        /**
         * The Logger.
         */
        Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HbaseUtil.class);
        
        /**
         * hbase连接对象
         */
        private Connection conn;
        
        /**
         * hbase zookeeper地址
         */
        @Value("${zookeeper.ip}")
        private String zookeeper;
        
        /**
         * hbase自带聚和协处理器
         */
        private String gatherCoprocessor = AggregateImplementation.class.getName();
        
        /**
         * 初始化连接
         */
        @PostConstruct
        private void initConnection() {
            Configuration config = getConfig();
            try {
                //获取连接
                conn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(config);
                logger.info("初始化hbase连接");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error("初始化失败", e);
            }
        }
        
        /**
         * 获取配置对象
         * 
         * @return
         */
        private Configuration getConfig() {
            Configuration config = HBaseConfiguration.create();
            config.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", zookeeper);
            return config;
        }
        
        /**
         * 获取连接
         */
        private Connection getConnection() {
            if (conn.isClosed()) {
                synchronized (this) {
                    if (conn.isClosed()) {
                        initConnection();
                    }
                }
            }
            return conn;
        }
        
        /**
         * 获取表连接
         * 
         * @param tableName
         * @return
         * @throws IOException
         */
        private Table getTable(String tableName)
            throws IOException {
            return getConnection().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        }
        
        /**
         * 获取admin连接
         * 
         * @return
         * @throws IOException
         */
        private Admin getAdmin()
            throws IOException {
            return getConnection().getAdmin();
        }
        
        /**
         * Creat table boolean.创建表
         *
         * @param tableName the table name表名
         * @param columnFamily the column family列族名的集合
         * @return the boolean
         */
        public boolean creatTable(String tableName, List<String> columnFamily) {
            TableName table = TableName.valueOf(tableName);
            try (Admin admin = getAdmin();) {
                if (!admin.tableExists(table)) {
                    TableDescriptorBuilder tableDescriptor = TableDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(table);
                    for (String s : columnFamily) {
                        tableDescriptor.setColumnFamily(ColumnFamilyDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(Bytes.toBytes(s)).build());
                    }
                    admin.createTable(tableDescriptor.build());
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error("创建表失败", e);
            }
            return true;
        }
        
        /**
         * Gets all table names.获取所有表名
         *
         * @return the all table names
         */
        public List<String> getAllTableNames() {
            List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
            try (Admin admin = getAdmin();) {
                TableName[] tableNames = admin.listTableNames();
                for (TableName tableName : tableNames) {
                    result.add(tableName.getNameAsString());
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error("获取所有表的表名失败", e);
            }
            return result;
        }
        
        /**
         * Delete table boolean.删除表
         *
         * @param tableName the table name要删除的表名
         * @return the boolean
         */
        public boolean deleteTable(String tableName) {
            try (Admin admin = getAdmin();) {
                if (admin.tableExists(TableName.valueOf(tableName))) {
                    admin.disableTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
                    admin.deleteTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
                    logger.debug("{} 已删除!", tableName);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error(MessageFormat.format("删除表失败,tableName:{0}", tableName), e);
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
        
        /**
         * Save data.新增或者更新数据
         *
         * @param tableName the table name表名
         * @param rowKey the row key行key
         * @param familyName the family name列族名
         * @param columns the columns需要插入数据的列名
         * @param values the values需要插入的数据，与前面的列名一一对应
         */
        public boolean saveData(String tableName, String rowKey, String familyName, String[] columns, String[] values) {
            // 获取表
            try (Table table = getTable(tableName);) {
                saveData(table, rowKey, tableName, familyName, columns, values);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error(
                    MessageFormat
                        .format("为表添加 or 更新数据失败,tableName:{0},rowKey:{1},familyName:{2}", tableName, rowKey, familyName),
                    e);
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
        
        private boolean saveData(Table table, String rowKey, String tableName, String familyName, String[] columns,
            String[] values) {
            try {
                //设置rowkey
                Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
                if (columns != null && values != null && columns.length == values.length) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < columns.length; i++) {
                        if (columns[i] != null && values[i] != null) {
                            put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(familyName), Bytes.toBytes(columns[i]), Bytes.toBytes(values[i]));
                        } else {
                            throw new NullPointerException(
                                MessageFormat.format("列名和列数据都不能为空,column:{0},value:{1}", columns[i], values[i]));
                        }
                    }
                }
                table.put(put);
                logger.debug("为表添加 or 更新数据成功,rowKey:{}", rowKey);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error(
                    MessageFormat
                        .format("为表添加 or 更新数据失败,tableName:{0},rowKey:{1},familyName:{2}", tableName, rowKey, familyName),
                    e);
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
        
        /**
         * Sets column value.为表的某个单元格赋值
         *
         * @param tableName the table name 表名
         * @param rowKey the row key rowKey
         * @param familyName the family name 列族
         * @param column the column 需要赋值的列名
         * @param value the value 值
         */
        public boolean setColumnValue(String tableName, String rowKey, String familyName, String column, String value) {
            return saveData(tableName, rowKey, familyName, new String[] {column}, new String[] {value});
        }
        
        /**
         * Delete by row boolean.删除指定的行
         *
         * @param tableName the table name 表名
         * @param rowKey the row key rowKey
         * @return the boolean
         */
        public boolean deleteByRow(String tableName, String rowKey) {
            try (Table table = getTable(tableName); Admin admin = getAdmin();) {
                if (admin.tableExists(TableName.valueOf(tableName))) {
                    Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
                    table.delete(delete);
                    logger.debug("row {} 已删除!", rowKey);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error(MessageFormat.format("删除指定的行失败,tableName:{0},rowKey:{1}", tableName, rowKey), e);
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
        
        /**
         * Gets scanner result.遍历获取表所有数据
         *
         * @param tableName the table name表名
         * @return the scanner result
         */
        public Map<String, Map<String, String>> getScannerResult(String tableName) {
            Scan scan = new Scan();
            return queryData(tableName, scan);
        }
        
        /**
         * Gets scanner range row key.根据startRowKey和stopRowKey遍历查询指定表中的所有数据
         *
         * @param tableName the table name
         * @param startRowKey the start row key
         * @param stopRowKey the stop row key
         * @return the scanner range row key
         */
        public Map<String, Map<String, String>> getScannerRangeRowKey(String tableName, String startRowKey,
            String stopRowKey) {
            Scan scan = new Scan();
            if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(startRowKey) && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(stopRowKey)) {
                scan.withStartRow(Bytes.toBytes(startRowKey));
                scan.withStopRow(Bytes.toBytes(stopRowKey));
            }
            return queryData(tableName, scan);
        }
        
        /**
         * Gets scanner by prefix filter.通过行前缀过滤器查询数据
         *
         * @param tableName the table name
         * @param prefix the prefix 以prefix开始的行键
         * @return the scanner by prefix filter
         */
        public Map<String, Map<String, String>> getScannerByPrefixFilter(String tableName, String prefix) {
            Scan scan = new Scan();
            if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(prefix)) {
                Filter filter = new PrefixFilter(Bytes.toBytes(prefix));
                scan.setFilter(filter);
            }
            return queryData(tableName, scan);
        }
        
        /**
         * Gets scanner by row filter.查询行键中包含特定字符的数据
         *
         * @param tableName the table name
         * @param keyword the keyword包含指定关键词的行键
         * @return the scanner by row filter
         */
        public Map<String, Map<String, String>> getScannerByRowFilter(String tableName, String keyword) {
            Scan scan = new Scan();
            if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(keyword)) {
                Filter filter = new RowFilter(CompareOperator.GREATER_OR_EQUAL, new SubstringComparator(keyword));
                scan.setFilter(filter);
            }
            return queryData(tableName, scan);
        }
        
        /**
         * Gets row data.根据tableName和rowKey精确查询一行的数据
         *
         * @param tableName the table name
         * @param rowKey the row key
         * @return the row data
         */
        public Map<String, String> getRowData(String tableName, String rowKey) {
            //返回的键值对
            Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<>();
            Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
            // 获取表
            try (Table table = getTable(tableName);) {
                Result hTableResult = table.get(get);
                if (hTableResult != null && !hTableResult.isEmpty()) {
                    for (Cell cell : hTableResult.listCells()) {
                        result.put(Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)),
                            Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error(MessageFormat.format("查询一行的数据失败,tableName:{0},rowKey:{1}", tableName, rowKey), e);
            }
            
            return result;
        }
        
        /**
         * Gets row data by list.根据多个rowkey查询数据
         *
         * @param tableName the table name
         * @param rowKeys the row keys
         * @return the row data by list
         */
        public Map<String, Map<String, String>> getRowDataByList(String tableName, List<String> rowKeys) {
            //返回的键值对
            Map<String, Map<String, String>> result = new HashMap<>();
            List<Get> getList = new ArrayList<>();
            // 获取表
            try (Table table = getTable(tableName);) {
                //把rowkey加到get里，再把get装到list中
                for (String rowkey : rowKeys) {
                    Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowkey));
                    getList.add(get);
                }
                Result[] rs = table.get(getList);
                for (Result r : rs) {
                    //每一行数据
                    Map<String, String> columnMap = new HashMap<>();
                    String rowKey = null;
                    for (Cell cell : r.listCells()) {
                        if (rowKey == null) {
                            rowKey = Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell));
                        }
                        columnMap.put(Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)),
                            Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));
                    }
                    if (rowKey != null) {
                        result.put(rowKey, columnMap);
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error(MessageFormat.format("根据多个rowkey查询数据失败,tableName:{0},rowKey:{1}", tableName, rowKeys), e);
            }
            return result;
        }
        
        /**
         * Gets column value.根据tableName、rowKey、familyName、column查询指定单元格的数据
         *
         * @param tableName the table name
         * @param rowKey the row key
         * @param familyName the family name
         * @param columnName the column name
         * @return the column value
         */
        public String getColumnValue(String tableName, String rowKey, String familyName, String columnName) {
            String str = null;
            Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
            // 获取表
            try (Table table = getTable(tableName);) {
                Result result = table.get(get);
                if (result != null && !result.isEmpty()) {
                    Cell cell = result.getColumnLatestCell(Bytes.toBytes(familyName), Bytes.toBytes(columnName));
                    if (cell != null) {
                        str = Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell));
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error(MessageFormat.format("查询指定单元格的数据失败,tableName:{0},rowKey:{1},familyName:{2},columnName:{3}",
                    tableName,
                    rowKey,
                    familyName,
                    columnName), e);
            }
            
            return str;
        }
        
        private Map<String, Map<String, String>> queryData(String tableName, Scan scan) {
            //<rowKey,对应的行数据>
            Map<String, Map<String, String>> result = new HashMap<>();
            // 获取表和扫描结果对象
            try (Table table = getTable(tableName); ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(scan);) {
                for (Result r : rs) {
                    //每一行数据
                    Map<String, String> columnMap = new HashMap<>();
                    String rowKey = null;
                    for (Cell cell : r.listCells()) {
                        if (rowKey == null) {
                            rowKey = Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell));
                        }
                        columnMap.put(Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)),
                            Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));
                    }
                    if (rowKey != null) {
                        result.put(rowKey, columnMap);
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error(MessageFormat.format("遍历查询指定表中的所有数据失败,tableName:{0}", tableName), e);
            }
            return result;
        }
        
        /**
         * 统计表行数
         * 
         * @param tableName
         * @param family
         * @return
         */
        public long queryRowCount(String tableName, String family) {
            //设置表聚合协处理器
            setCoprocessor(tableName, gatherCoprocessor);
            long rowCount = 0;
            //创建聚合协处理器客户端
            try (AggregationClient ac = new AggregationClient(getConfig());) {
                Scan scan = new Scan();
                scan.addFamily(Bytes.toBytes(family));
                rowCount = ac.rowCount(TableName.valueOf(tableName), new LongColumnInterpreter(), scan);
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                logger.error(MessageFormat.format("统计表行数出错,tableName:{0}，family:{1}", tableName, family), e);
            }
            return rowCount;
        }
        
        /**
         * 统计最大值
         * 
         * @param tableName
         * @param family
         * @param qualifier
         * @return
         */
        public double queryMaxData(String tableName, String family, String qualifier) {
            //设置协处理器
            setCoprocessor(tableName, gatherCoprocessor);
            double max = 0;
            //创建聚合协处理器客户端
            try (AggregationClient ac = new AggregationClient(getConfig());) {
                Scan scan = new Scan();
                scan.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(family), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier));
                max = ac.max(TableName.valueOf(tableName), new DoubleColumnInterpreter(), scan);
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                logger.error(
                    MessageFormat.format("统计最大值出错,tableName:{0},family:{1},qualifier:{2}", tableName, family, qualifier),
                    e);
            }
            return max;
        }
        
        /**
         * 统计最小值
         * 
         * @param tableName
         * @param family
         * @param qualifier
         * @return
         */
        public double queryMinData(String tableName, String family, String qualifier) {
            //设置协处理器
            setCoprocessor(tableName, gatherCoprocessor);
            double min = 0;
            //创建聚合协处理器客户端
            try (AggregationClient ac = new AggregationClient(getConfig());) {
                Scan scan = new Scan();
                scan.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(family), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier));
                min = ac.min(TableName.valueOf(tableName), new DoubleColumnInterpreter(), scan);
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                logger.error(
                    MessageFormat.format("统计最小值出错,tableName:{0},family:{1},qualifier:{2}", tableName, family, qualifier),
                    e);
            }
            return min;
        }
        
        /**
         * 求和
         * 
         * @param tableName
         * @param family
         * @param qualifier
         * @return
         */
        public double querySumData(String tableName, String family, String qualifier) {
            //设置协处理器
            setCoprocessor(tableName, gatherCoprocessor);
            double sum = 0;
            //创建聚合协处理器客户端
            try (AggregationClient ac = new AggregationClient(getConfig());) {
                Scan scan = new Scan();
                scan.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(family), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier));
                sum = ac.sum(TableName.valueOf(tableName), new DoubleColumnInterpreter(), scan);
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                logger.error(
                    MessageFormat.format("求和出错,tableName:{0},family:{1},qualifier:{2}", tableName, family, qualifier),
                    e);
            }
            return sum;
        }
        
        /**
         * 求平均值,低版本hbase有bug
         * 
         * @param tableName
         * @param family
         * @param qualifier
         * @return
         */
        public double queryAvgData(String tableName, String family, String qualifier) {
            //设置协处理器
            setCoprocessor(tableName, gatherCoprocessor);
            double avg = 0;
            //创建聚合协处理器客户端
            try (AggregationClient ac = new AggregationClient(getConfig());) {
                Scan scan = new Scan();
                scan.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(family), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier));
                avg = ac.avg(TableName.valueOf(tableName), new DoubleColumnInterpreter(), scan);
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                logger.error(
                    MessageFormat.format("求平均值出错,tableName:{0},family:{1},qualifier:{2}", tableName, family, qualifier),
                    e);
            }
            return avg;
        }
        
        /**
         * 设置表协处理器
         * 
         * @param tableName
         * @param coprocessorClassName
         */
        public void setCoprocessor(String tableName, String coprocessorClassName) {
            TableName table = TableName.valueOf(tableName);
            Admin admin = null;
            boolean closeTable = false;
            try {
                admin = getAdmin();
                //获取表的描述对象
                TableDescriptor htd = admin.getDescriptor(table);
                if (!htd.hasCoprocessor(coprocessorClassName)) {
                    //表不包含这个协处理器，则添加
                    admin.disableTable(table);
                    closeTable = true;//关闭了表，则结束时要重启
                    TableDescriptorBuilder htdBuilder = TableDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(htd);
                    htdBuilder.setCoprocessor(coprocessorClassName);
                    admin.modifyTable(htdBuilder.build());
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error(MessageFormat
                    .format("设置表协处理器出错,tableName:{0},coprocessorClassName:{1}", tableName, coprocessorClassName), e);
            } finally {
                try {
                    if (admin != null) {
                        if (admin.isTableDisabled(table) && closeTable) {
                            admin.enableTable(table);
                        }
                        admin.close();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    logger.error("关闭admin资源失败", e);
                }
            }
        }
    }

4、简单说明

1.  工具类中用到几个重要的对象Connection、Table、Admin。Connection内置了线程池管理并实现了线程安全，不需要我们额外处理；Table、Admin线程不安全，因此不能共用，每个线程使用完后必须调用close方法关闭。有兴趣深入了解可以看下这篇文章。[连接HBase的正确姿势][HBase]
2.  hbase自带了AggregateImplementation这个聚合协处理器，但是hbase1.x版本的，在求平均值时计算有误，因此我升级到2.1.0版本。同时，除了rowcount计数方法外，其他求和、求平均等方法，我使用的翻译类都是DoubleColumnInterpreter，因此需要字段的类型为double，否则查询会出错，当然你也可以使用其他翻译类，hbase提供了BigDecimalColumnInterpreter、DoubleColumnInterpreter、LongColumnInterpreter3种翻译类，对应BigDecimal、Double、Long3种类型，如果还不能满足需求，那就只能自己实现ColumnInterpreter接口。

[HBase]: https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/581702?spm=a2c4e.11157919.spm-cont-list.1.146c27aeFxoMsN%20%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5HBase%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A3%E7%A1%AE%E5%A7%BF%E5%8A%BF