NodeJS express 项目环境搭建/目录结构生成 express-generator

川长思鸟来 2023-07-23 03:51 7阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  Intro
     *  NodeJS express-generator
     *   *  命令
         *  执行过程
     *  Linux node-express-generator
     *   *  命令
         *  执行过程
     *  运行和访问
     *  Recommend

## Intro ##

两种方式，node自己就有模块用于自动生成使用express框架的开发环境，叫`expresss-generator`，  
另外，Debian系的Linux发行版上也有一个`node-express-generator`工具，安装即可使用。

## NodeJS express-generator ##

### 命令 ###

`npm ll -g express express-generator` 先查询全局是否已经安装  
`npm install -g express@4 express-generator@4` 安装这两个模块(使用@可以指定版本)  
`npm ll -g express express-generator` 再次查询安装情况

`which express` 查询在命令行直接调用`express`命令，是哪个位置的命令。  
`ll`which express\`\` 查看该程序文件的具体信息(如大小、文件链接源)  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d1eXVqaW4xOTk3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]  
可以看到，这实际上是`express-generator`替我们安装的一个命令工具(见执行过程)。  
`express --help` 查看帮助信息

`express /tmp/foo && cd /tmp/foo` 使用`express-generator`中的`express`  
`/tmp/foo` 查看生成目录的结构层次

如果想卸载这两个模块：`npm uninstall -g express express-generator`

### 执行过程 ###

wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ npm ll -g express express-generator
    
    │ /opt/node/lib
    │ 
    └── (empty)
    
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ npm install -g express@4 express-generator@4
    npm WARN deprecated mkdirp@0.5.1: Legacy versions of mkdirp are no longer supported. Please update to mkdirp 1.x. (Note that the API surface has changed to use Promises in 1.x.)
    /opt/node/bin/express -> /opt/node/lib/node_modules/express-generator/bin/express-cli.js
    + express@4.17.1
    + express-generator@4.16.1
    added 60 packages from 42 contributors in 3.309s
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ npm ll -g express express-generator
    
    │ /opt/node/lib
    │ 
    ├── express@4.17.1 
    │   Fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework
    │   git+https://github.com/expressjs/express.git
    │   http://expressjs.com/
    └── express-generator@4.16.1 
        Express' application generator git+https://github.com/expressjs/generator.git https://github.com/expressjs/generator#readme wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ which express /opt/node/bin/express wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ ll `which express` lrwxrwxrwx 1 wuyujin wuyujin 56 4月 6 21:23 /opt/node/bin/express -> ../lib/node_modules/express-generator/bin/express-cli.js* wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ express --help Usage: express [options] [dir] Options: --version output the version number -e, --ejs add ejs engine support --pug add pug engine support --hbs add handlebars engine support -H, --hogan add hogan.js engine support -v, --view <engine> add view <engine> support (dust|ejs|hbs|hjs|jade|pug|twig|vash) (defaults to jade) --no-view use static html instead of view engine -c, --css <engine> add stylesheet <engine> support (less|stylus|compass|sass) (defaults to plain css) --git add .gitignore -f, --force force on non-empty directory -h, --help output usage information wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ express /tmp/foo && cd /tmp/foo warning: the default view engine will not be jade in future releases warning: use `--view=jade' or `--help' for additional options
    
    
       create : /tmp/foo/
       create : /tmp/foo/public/
       create : /tmp/foo/public/javascripts/
       create : /tmp/foo/public/images/
       create : /tmp/foo/public/stylesheets/
       create : /tmp/foo/public/stylesheets/style.css
       create : /tmp/foo/routes/
       create : /tmp/foo/routes/index.js
       create : /tmp/foo/routes/users.js
       create : /tmp/foo/views/
       create : /tmp/foo/views/error.jade
       create : /tmp/foo/views/index.jade
       create : /tmp/foo/views/layout.jade
       create : /tmp/foo/app.js
       create : /tmp/foo/package.json
       create : /tmp/foo/bin/
       create : /tmp/foo/bin/www
    
       change directory:
         $ cd /tmp/foo
    
       install dependencies:
         $ npm install
    
       run the app:
         $ DEBUG=foo:* npm start
    
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:/tmp/foo$ tree /tmp/foo
    /tmp/foo
    ├── app.js
    ├── bin
    │   └── www
    ├── package.json
    ├── public
    │   ├── images
    │   ├── javascripts
    │   └── stylesheets
    │       └── style.css
    ├── routes
    │   ├── index.js
    │   └── users.js
    └── views
        ├── error.jade
        ├── index.jade
        └── layout.jade
    
    7 directories, 9 files
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:/tmp/foo$

## Linux node-express-generator ##

如果你使用的是Debian系的Linux发行版，也可以在系统的层面装一个工具`node-express-generator`。

### 命令 ###

`sudo apt-get install node-express-generator`  
`dpkg -L node-express-generator | grep bin` 定位安装好的可执行文件的路径(一般在bin目录中)  
`which express`  
`whatis express`  
`express --help`  
`express /tmp/foo`  
`tree /tmp/foo` 查看生成的目标目录的层次结构

如果想要卸载系统层面的`node-express-generator`工具：  
`sudo apt-get remove --purge node-express-generator` 卸载并清除(`purge`)配置文件

### 执行过程 ###

wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ dpkg -L node-express-generator | grep bin
    /usr/lib/nodejs/express-generator/bin
    /usr/lib/nodejs/express-generator/bin/express
    /usr/bin
    /usr/bin/express
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ which express
    /usr/bin/express
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ whatis express
    express (1)          - the quickest way to start using express framework
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ express --help
    
      Usage: express [options] [dir]
    
    
      Options:
    
        -V, --version       output the version number
        -e, --ejs           add ejs engine support (defaults to jade)
        -H, --hogan         add hogan.js engine support
        -c, --css <engine>  add stylesheet <engine> support (less|stylus|compass) (defaults to plain css)
        -f, --force         force on non-empty directory
        -h, --help          output usage information
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ express /tmp/foo
    
       create : /tmp/foo
       create : /tmp/foo/package.json
       create : /tmp/foo/app.js
    (node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
    (node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
       create : /tmp/foo/public
       create : /tmp/foo/public/stylesheets
       create : /tmp/foo/public/stylesheets/style.css
    (node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
       create : /tmp/foo/routes
       create : /tmp/foo/routes/index.js
       create : /tmp/foo/routes/users.js
    (node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
    (node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
       create : /tmp/foo/views
       create : /tmp/foo/views/index.jade
       create : /tmp/foo/views/layout.jade
       create : /tmp/foo/views/error.jade
    (node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
    (node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
    (node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
       create : /tmp/foo/bin
       create : /tmp/foo/bin/www
    (node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
       create : /tmp/foo/public/javascripts
       create : /tmp/foo/public/images
    
       install dependencies:
         $ cd /tmp/foo && npm install
    
       run the app:
         $ DEBUG=my-application ./bin/www
    
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$ tree /tmp/foo
    /tmp/foo
    ├── app.js
    ├── bin
    │   └── www
    ├── package.json
    ├── public
    │   ├── images
    │   ├── javascripts
    │   └── stylesheets
    │       └── style.css
    ├── routes
    │   ├── index.js
    │   └── users.js
    └── views
        ├── error.jade
        ├── index.jade
        └── layout.jade
    
    7 directories, 9 files
    wuyujin@ubuntu18:~$

## 运行和访问 ##

`npm install` 安装模块  
`npm start` 启动服务  
然后访问localhost:3000即可。3000是默认的端口。`curl localhost:3000`  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d1eXVqaW4xOTk3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]

## Recommend ##

`NodeJS + express + express-generator`  
毕竟二者都是Node的模块，管理、学习和使用起来都会更方便。

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