Traefik-v2.x快速入门

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2023-07-13 03:34 116阅读 0赞

# 一、概述 #

`traefik` 与 `nginx` 一样，是一款优秀的反向代理工具，或者叫 `Edge Router`。至于使用它的原因则基于以下几点

*  无须重启即可更新配置
 *  自动的服务发现与负载均衡
 *  与 `docker` 的完美集成，基于 `container label` 的配置
 *  漂亮的 `dashboard` 界面
 *  `metrics` 的支持，对 `prometheus` 和 `k8s` 的集成

接下来讲一下它的安装，基本功能以及配置。`traefik` 在 `v1` 与 `v2` 版本间差异过大，本篇文章采用了 `v2`

![1341090-20200309114646111-513828825.png][]

traefik官方文档：https://docs.traefik.io/

注意:Traefikv2.0之后的版本在修改了很多bug之后也增加了新的特性，比如增加了TCP的支持，并且更换了新的WEB UI界面

# 二、快速开始 #

## 环境介绍 ##

操作系统：centos7.6

数量：1台

docker版本：19.03.6

docker版本：1.24.1

ip地址：192.168.28.218

## docker-compose启动 ##

新建yaml文件

vi traefik-v2.1.yaml

内容如下：

version: '3'
    services:
      reverse-proxy:
        image: traefik:2.1.6
        # Enables the web UI and tells Traefik to listen to docker
        # 启用webUI 并告诉Traefile去监听docker的容器实例
        command: --api.insecure=true --providers.docker
        ports:
          # traefik暴露的http端口
          - "80:80"
          # webUI暴露的端口(必须制定--api.insecure=true才可以访问)
          - "8080:8080"
        volumes:
          # 指定docker的sock文件来让traefik获取docker的事件，从而实现动态负载均衡
          - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock

使用docker-compose创建集群

# docker-compose -f traefik-v2.1.yaml up -d reverse-proxy
    Creating network "opt_default" with the default driver
    Creating opt_reverse-proxy_1 ... done

查看使用docker-compose启动的应用

# docker-compose -f traefik-v2.1.yaml ps
           Name                      Command               State                     Ports                   
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    opt_reverse-proxy_1   /entrypoint.sh --api.insec ...   Up      0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp

直接访问traefik对外暴露的http接口

curl -s  "http://localhost:8080/api/rawdata" | python -m json.tool

输出如下：

![ContractedBlock.gif][] ![ExpandedBlockStart.gif][]

{
        "middlewares": {
            "dashboard_redirect@internal": {
                "redirectRegex": {
                    "permanent": true,
                    "regex": "^(http:\\/\\/[^:\\/]+(:\\d+)?)\\/$",
                    "replacement": "${1}/dashboard/"
                },
                "status": "enabled",
                "usedBy": [
                    "dashboard@internal"
                ]
            },
            "dashboard_stripprefix@internal": {
                "status": "enabled",
                "stripPrefix": {
                    "prefixes": [
                        "/dashboard/",
                        "/dashboard"
                    ]
                },
                "usedBy": [
                    "dashboard@internal"
                ]
            }
        },
        "routers": {
            "api@internal": {
                "entryPoints": [
                    "traefik"
                ],
                "priority": 2147483646,
                "rule": "PathPrefix(`/api`)",
                "service": "api@internal",
                "status": "enabled",
                "using": [
                    "traefik"
                ]
            },
            "dashboard@internal": {
                "entryPoints": [
                    "traefik"
                ],
                "middlewares": [
                    "dashboard_redirect@internal",
                    "dashboard_stripprefix@internal"
                ],
                "priority": 2147483645,
                "rule": "PathPrefix(`/`)",
                "service": "dashboard@internal",
                "status": "enabled",
                "using": [
                    "traefik"
                ]
            },
            "reverse-proxy-opt@docker": {
                "rule": "Host(`reverse-proxy-opt`)",
                "service": "reverse-proxy-opt",
                "status": "enabled",
                "using": [
                    "http",
                    "traefik"
                ]
            }
        },
        "services": {
            "api@internal": {
                "status": "enabled",
                "usedBy": [
                    "api@internal"
                ]
            },
            "dashboard@internal": {
                "status": "enabled",
                "usedBy": [
                    "dashboard@internal"
                ]
            },
            "reverse-proxy-opt@docker": {
                "loadBalancer": {
                    "passHostHeader": true,
                    "servers": [
                        {
                            "url": "http://172.18.0.2:80"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "serverStatus": {
                    "http://172.18.0.2:80": "UP"
                },
                "status": "enabled",
                "usedBy": [
                    "reverse-proxy-opt@docker"
                ]
            }
        }
    }

## 查看Traefik官方Dashboard ##

http://192.168.28.218:8080/

效果如下：

![1341090-20200309143801837-1005863445.png][]

# 三、创建一个路由 #

Traefik来检测新服务并为你创建一个路由

### 创建一个新服务 ###

vi test-service.yaml

内容如下：

version: '3'
    services:
      whoami:
        image: containous/whoami
        labels:
          - "traefik.http.routers.whoami.rule=Host(`whoami.docker.localhost`)"

### 创建服务 ###

# docker-compose -f test-service.yaml up -d whoami
    WARNING: Found orphan containers (opt_reverse-proxy_1) for this project. If you removed or renamed this service in your compose file, you can run this command with the --remove-orphans flag to clean it up.
    Creating opt_whoami_1 ... done

查看新创建的服务

# docker-compose  -f test-service.yaml ps
        Name       Command   State   Ports 
    ---------------------------------------
    opt_whoami_1   /whoami   Up      80/tcp

再次查看traefik中的路由信息(就会发现服务自动加载进去了)  
其实有点儿类似kong 的路由，只是traefik会自动监听docker的事件

curl -s  "http://localhost:8080/api/rawdata" | python -m json.tool

输出如下：

![ContractedBlock.gif][] ![ExpandedBlockStart.gif][]

{
        "middlewares": {
            "dashboard_redirect@internal": {
                "redirectRegex": {
                    "permanent": true,
                    "regex": "^(http:\\/\\/[^:\\/]+(:\\d+)?)\\/$",
                    "replacement": "${1}/dashboard/"
                },
                "status": "enabled",
                "usedBy": [
                    "dashboard@internal"
                ]
            },
            "dashboard_stripprefix@internal": {
                "status": "enabled",
                "stripPrefix": {
                    "prefixes": [
                        "/dashboard/",
                        "/dashboard"
                    ]
                },
                "usedBy": [
                    "dashboard@internal"
                ]
            }
        },
        "routers": {
            "api@internal": {
                "entryPoints": [
                    "traefik"
                ],
                "priority": 2147483646,
                "rule": "PathPrefix(`/api`)",
                "service": "api@internal",
                "status": "enabled",
                "using": [
                    "traefik"
                ]
            },
            "dashboard@internal": {
                "entryPoints": [
                    "traefik"
                ],
                "middlewares": [
                    "dashboard_redirect@internal",
                    "dashboard_stripprefix@internal"
                ],
                "priority": 2147483645,
                "rule": "PathPrefix(`/`)",
                "service": "dashboard@internal",
                "status": "enabled",
                "using": [
                    "traefik"
                ]
            },
            "reverse-proxy-opt@docker": {
                "rule": "Host(`reverse-proxy-opt`)",
                "service": "reverse-proxy-opt",
                "status": "enabled",
                "using": [
                    "http",
                    "traefik"
                ]
            },
            "whoami@docker": {
                "rule": "Host(`whoami.docker.localhost`)",
                "service": "whoami-opt",
                "status": "enabled",
                "using": [
                    "http",
                    "traefik"
                ]
            }
        },
        "services": {
            "api@internal": {
                "status": "enabled",
                "usedBy": [
                    "api@internal"
                ]
            },
            "dashboard@internal": {
                "status": "enabled",
                "usedBy": [
                    "dashboard@internal"
                ]
            },
            "reverse-proxy-opt@docker": {
                "loadBalancer": {
                    "passHostHeader": true,
                    "servers": [
                        {
                            "url": "http://172.19.0.2:80"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "serverStatus": {
                    "http://172.19.0.2:80": "UP"
                },
                "status": "enabled",
                "usedBy": [
                    "reverse-proxy-opt@docker"
                ]
            },
            "whoami-opt@docker": {
                "loadBalancer": {
                    "passHostHeader": true,
                    "servers": [
                        {
                            "url": "http://172.19.0.3:80"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "serverStatus": {
                    "http://172.19.0.3:80": "UP"
                },
                "status": "enabled",
                "usedBy": [
                    "whoami@docker"
                ]
            }
        }
    }

## 查看http反向代理记录 ##

查看Traefik中的http反向代理记录，点击HTTP

![1341090-20200309144828660-1648565098.png][]

## 测试traefik相关功能 ##

测试访问

# curl -H Host:whoami.docker.localhost http://localhost
    Hostname: c334de4bc3c8
    IP: 127.0.0.1
    IP: 172.19.0.3
    RemoteAddr: 172.19.0.2:57632
    GET / HTTP/1.1
    Host: whoami.docker.localhost
    User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
    Accept: */*
    Accept-Encoding: gzip
    X-Forwarded-For: 172.19.0.1
    X-Forwarded-Host: whoami.docker.localhost
    X-Forwarded-Port: 80
    X-Forwarded-Proto: http
    X-Forwarded-Server: 1ee8d25b3aac
    X-Real-Ip: 172.19.0.1

## 单机扩容 ##

# docker-compose -f test-service.yaml up -d --scale whoami=2
    WARNING: Found orphan containers (opt_reverse-proxy_1) for this project. If you removed or renamed this service in your compose file, you can run this command with the --remove-orphans flag to clean it up.
    Starting opt_whoami_1 ... done
    Creating opt_whoami_2 ... done

再次访问(就会发现自动负载到两个不同的实例上去了)

查看Traefike后端每个service的详情信息:

![1341090-20200309150113026-995096663.png][]

就会看到2个service

![1341090-20200309150141245-1835274444.png][]

# 四、Traefik配置介绍 #

## traefik配置结构图 ##

![1341090-20200309150314398-389431203.png][]

在traefik中的配置，会涉及到两方面内容:

*  动态的路由配置(即由k8s-api或docker相关api来自动发现服务的endpoint而进行路由的配置描述)
 *  静态的启动配置(即traefik标准的启动配置参数)

注意:使用docker run traefik\[:version\] --help可查看traefik的配置参数

# 五、k8s部署Traefik #

## 环境介绍 ##

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>操作系统</td> 
   <td>ip</td> 
   <td>主机名</td> 
   <td>配置</td> 
   <td>备注</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>centos 7.6</td> 
   <td>192.168.31.150&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>k8s-master</td> 
   <td>2核4G</td> 
   <td>Kubernetes1.16.3</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>centos 7.6</td> 
   <td>192.168.31.178&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>k8s-node01</td> 
   <td>2核8G</td> 
   <td>Kubernetes1.16.3</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## yaml文件介绍 ##

mkdir /opt/traefik

目录结构如下：

./
    ├── traefik-config.yaml
    ├── traefik-ds-v2.1.6.yaml
    ├── traefik-rbac.yaml
    └── ui.yaml

traefik-config.yaml

![ContractedBlock.gif][] ![ExpandedBlockStart.gif][]

apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: traefik-config
      namespace: kube-system
    data:
      traefik.toml: |
        defaultEntryPoints = ["http","https"]
        debug = false
        logLevel = "INFO"
        # Do not verify backend certificates (use https backends)
        InsecureSkipVerify = true
        [entryPoints]
          [entryPoints.http]
          address = ":80"
          compress = true
          [entryPoints.https]
          address = ":443"
            [entryPoints.https.tls]
        #Config to redirect http to https
        #[entryPoints]
        #  [entryPoints.http]
        #  address = ":80"
        #  compress = true
        #    [entryPoints.http.redirect]
        #    entryPoint = "https"
        #  [entryPoints.https]
        #  address = ":443"
        #    [entryPoints.https.tls]
        [web]
          address = ":8080"
        [kubernetes]
        [metrics]
          [metrics.prometheus]
          buckets=[0.1,0.3,1.2,5.0]
          entryPoint = "traefik"
        [ping]
        entryPoint = "http"

traefik-ds-v2.1.6.yaml

![ContractedBlock.gif][] ![ExpandedBlockStart.gif][]

---
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      name: traefik-ingress-controller
      namespace: kube-system
    ---
    kind: DaemonSet
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    #apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
    metadata:
      name: traefik-ingress-controller-v2
      namespace: kube-system
      labels:
        k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
    spec:
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          name: traefik-ingress-lb-v2
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
            name: traefik-ingress-lb-v2
        spec:
          serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
          terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
          containers:
          - image: traefik:2.1.6
            name: traefik-ingress-lb-v2
            ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
              hostPort: 80
            - name: admin
              containerPort: 8080
              hostPort: 8080
            securityContext:
              capabilities:
                drop:
                - ALL
                add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            args:
            - --api
            - --api.insecure=true
            - --providers.kubernetesingress=true
            - --log.level=INFO
            #- --configfile=/config/traefik.toml
            #volumeMounts:
            #- mountPath: /config
            #  name: config
          volumes:
          - configMap:
              name: traefik-config
            name: config
    ---
    kind: Service
    apiVersion: v1
    metadata:
      name: traefik-ingress-service-v2
      namespace: kube-system
      labels:
        k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb-v2
    spec:
      selector:
        k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb-v2
      ports:
        - protocol: TCP
          port: 80
          name: web
        - protocol: TCP
          port: 8080
          name: admin

traefik-rbac.yaml

![ContractedBlock.gif][] ![ExpandedBlockStart.gif][]

---
    kind: ClusterRole
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
    metadata:
      name: traefik-ingress-controller
    rules:
      - apiGroups:
          - ""
        resources:
          - services
          - endpoints
          - secrets
        verbs:
          - get
          - list
          - watch
      - apiGroups:
          - extensions
        resources:
          - ingresses
        verbs:
          - get
          - list
          - watch
      - apiGroups:
        - extensions
        resources:
        - ingresses/status
        verbs:
        - update
    ---
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
    metadata:
      name: traefik-ingress-controller
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: traefik-ingress-controller
    subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: traefik-ingress-controller
      namespace: kube-system

ui.yaml

![ContractedBlock.gif][] ![ExpandedBlockStart.gif][]

---
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: traefik-web-ui
      namespace: kube-system
    spec:
      selector:
        k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
      ports:
      - name: web
        port: 80
        targetPort: 8080
    ---
    apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: traefik-web-ui
      namespace: kube-system
    spec:
      rules:
      - host: prod-traefik-ui.bgbiao.cn
        http:
          paths:
          - path: /
            backend:
              serviceName: traefik-web-ui
              servicePort: web

## 部署 ##

cd /opt/traefik
    kubectl apply -f .

查看pod

# kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep traefik
    traefik-ingress-controller-v2-hz82b        1/1     Running   0          8m4s

查看svc

# kubectl get svc -n kube-system | grep traefik
    traefik-ingress-service-v2   ClusterIP   10.1.188.71    <none>        80/TCP,8080/TCP          8m56s
    traefik-web-ui               ClusterIP   10.1.239.107   <none>        80/TCP                   46m

查看ingresses

# kubectl get ingresses.extensions -n kube-system
    NAME             HOSTS                       ADDRESS   PORTS   AGE
    traefik-web-ui   prod-traefik-ui.bgbiao.cn             80      48m

## 查看traefik的dashboard ##

### 域名访问 ###

由于没有dns服务器，这里直接修改hosts来测试。windows 10添加一条hosts记录

192.168.31.178 prod-traefik-ui.bgbiao.cn

注意：这里的192.168.31.178是node节点ip

效果如下：

![1341090-20200309203302013-523412256.png][]

## ip方式 ##

直接通过node ip+8080方式，比如：

http://192.168.31.178:8080

效果同上！

点击http

![1341090-20200309203415888-2083531292.png][]

查看 http service

![1341090-20200309203515930-2036088269.png][]

效果如下：

![1341090-20200309203530073-265369690.png][]

注意:虽然traefikv2.x改动了很多，但是还是向下兼容一些内容的，比如我重新创建traefik-v2.0.1之后，之前创建的ingress规则会自动导入

本文参考链接：

[https://www.jianshu.com/p/0fc6df85d00d][https_www.jianshu.com_p_0fc6df85d00d]

[https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/97420459][https_zhuanlan.zhihu.com_p_97420459]

[1341090-20200309114646111-513828825.png]: https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1341090/202003/1341090-20200309114646111-513828825.png
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[1341090-20200309203530073-265369690.png]: https://img2020.cnblogs.com/i-beta/1341090/202003/1341090-20200309203530073-265369690.png
[https_www.jianshu.com_p_0fc6df85d00d]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/0fc6df85d00d
[https_zhuanlan.zhihu.com_p_97420459]: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/97420459