Consul快速入门（三）：Spring Cloud Consul实现服务注册与发现

骑猪看日落 2023-07-10 08:52 9阅读 0赞

# 1、前言 #

本文通过创建provider-service、consumer-service两个微服务，并通过feign接口调用来演示Spring Cloud整合Consul。阅读本文需要前置知识：

*  Spring Boot
 *  Spring Cloud
 *  Spring Cloud Feign

# 2、搭建provider-service服务 #

## 2.1、创建maven模块 ##

创建provider项目，添加provider-service、provider-service-remote-api两个maven模块：

![provider-module.png][]

## 2.2、添加spring boot、spring cloud依赖 ##

在父模块provider中添加spring boot、spring cloud依赖  
，spring cloud使用截止当前最新版本Hoxton.SR1，关联spring boot版本2.2.2.RELEASE

<properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> 
    </parent>
    
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

**注意**：spring boot和spring cloud之间有版本依赖关系，如果想用其他版本，请自行查询对应的依赖版本，否则可能由于不兼容服务起不来

## 2.3、provider-service-remote-api模块编写feign接口 ##

maven模块provider-service-remote-api引入spring cloud feign

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

代码编写，新建IProviderRemoteService接口

@FeignClient(name = "provider-service")
    public interface IProviderRemoteService { 
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "hello", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        String hello();
    }

## 2.4、provider-service模块编写接口实现 ##

maven依赖

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>provider-service-remote-api</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

接口实现类ProviderRemoteService

@RestController
    public class ProviderRemoteService implements IProviderRemoteService { 
    
        @Override
        public String hello() { 
            return "hello world!";
        }
    }

## 2.5、集成spring cloud consul ##

引入spring cloud consul模块

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>

application.yml添加consul配置

server:
      port: 8080
    spring:
      application:
        name: provider-service
      cloud:
        consul:
          host: 127.0.0.1
          port: 8500
          discovery:
            heartbeat:
              enabled: true

启动类添加`@EnableDiscoveryClient`注解，启用服务发现功能

@SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class Application { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
        }
    
    }

到此，provider-service服务已经全部搭建完毕，完整项目结构：

![provider-service.png][]

# 3、搭建consumer-service服务 #

## 3.1、创建maven模块 ##

创建consumer项目，添加consumer-service，因为该服务不需要对外提供接口，所以无需consumer-service-remote-api模块：  
![consumer-module.png][]

## 3.2、consumer-service编写接口调用provider-service服务 ##

引用provider-service-remote-api

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>provider-service-remote-api</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>

编写测试接口，通过feign调用provider-service服务

@RestController
    public class ConsumerController { 
    
        @Autowired
        private IProviderRemoteService providerRemoteService;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/test")
        public String test() { 
            return providerRemoteService.hello();
        }
    }

## 3.3、集成spring cloud consul ##

同provider-service服务一样，引入spring cloud consul模块

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>

application.yml添加consul配置

server:
      port: 9090
    spring:
      application:
        name: consumer-service
      cloud:
        consul:
          host: 127.0.0.1
          port: 8500
          discovery:
            heartbeat:
              enabled: true

启动类添加`@EnableDiscoveryClient`注解，启用服务发现功能，并添加`@EnableFeignClients`注解，启用feign功能

@SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @EnableFeignClients
    public class Application { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
        }
    
    }

到此，consumer-service服务也搭建完成，完整项目结构：

![consumer-service.png][]

# 4、测试 #

## 4.1、启动consul服务 ##

为了便于测试，笔者在本机以开发者模式起了一个consul服务

D:\consul>consul agent -dev
    ==> Starting Consul agent...
               Version: 'v1.7.0'
               Node ID: 'c43eedeb-f211-dbf2-e3fa-3caa64f86ddb'
             Node name: 'DESKTOP-77V3R9P'
            Datacenter: 'dc1' (Segment: '<all>')
                Server: true (Bootstrap: false)
           Client Addr: [127.0.0.1] (HTTP: 8500, HTTPS: -1, gRPC: 8502, DNS: 8600)
          Cluster Addr: 127.0.0.1 (LAN: 8301, WAN: 8302)
               Encrypt: Gossip: false, TLS-Outgoing: false, TLS-Incoming: false, Auto-Encrypt-TLS: false
    
    ==> Log data will now stream in as it occurs:
    
        2020-02-22T15:34:07.878+0800 [DEBUG] agent: Using random ID as node ID: id=c43eedeb-f211-dbf2-e3fa-3caa64f86ddb
        2020-02-22T15:34:07.900+0800 [DEBUG] agent.tlsutil: Update: version=1
        2020-02-22T15:34:07.914+0800 [DEBUG] agent.tlsutil: OutgoingRPCWrapper: version=1
        2020-02-22T15:34:07.916+0800 [INFO]  agent.server.raft: initial configuration: index=1 servers="[{Suffrage:Voter ID:c43eedeb-f211-dbf2-e3fa-3caa64f86ddb Address:127.0.0.1:8300}]"
        2020-02-22T15:34:07.916+0800 [INFO]  agent.server.raft: entering follower state: follower="Node at 127.0.0.1:8300 [Follower]" leader=
        2020-02-22T15:34:07.919+0800 [INFO]  agent.server.serf.wan: serf: EventMemberJoin: DESKTOP-77V3R9P.dc1 127.0.0.1
        2020-02-22T15:34:07.920+0800 [INFO]  agent.server.serf.lan: serf: EventMemberJoin: DESKTOP-77V3R9P 127.0.0.1
        2020-02-22T15:34:07.920+0800 [INFO]  agent.server: Adding LAN server: server="DESKTOP-77V3R9P (Addr: tcp/127.0.0.1:8300) (DC: dc1)"
        2020-02-22T15:34:07.921+0800 [INFO]  agent.server: Handled event for server in area: event=member-join server=DESKTOP-77V3R9P.dc1 area=wan
        2020-02-22T15:34:07.921+0800 [INFO]  agent: Started DNS server: address=127.0.0.1:8600 network=udp
        2020-02-22T15:34:07.923+0800 [INFO]  agent: Started DNS server: address=127.0.0.1:8600 network=tcp
        2020-02-22T15:34:07.926+0800 [INFO]  agent: Started HTTP server: address=127.0.0.1:8500 network=tcp
        2020-02-22T15:34:07.928+0800 [INFO]  agent: started state syncer
    ==> Consul agent running!
    ...

## 4.2、启动服务注册到consul ##

分别启动provider-service服务和consumer-service服务，访问consul的Web UI界面可以看到两个服务都注册上来了：

![consul-services.png][]

![consul-nodes.png][]

## 4.3、调用测试接口 ##

调用consumer-service测试接口[http://127.0.0.1:9090/test][http_127.0.0.1_9090_test]

![invoke.png][]

现在尝试把provider服务停止，consul注册中心可以看到健康检查状态为`Critical`，服务已经下线

![\`critical.png][critical.png]

此时，再次调用consumer-service测试接口，会报找不到服务

![service not found.ong][]

# 5、Spring Cloud Consul应用配置 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Name</th> 
   <th>Default</th> 
   <th>Description</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.config.acl-token</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.config.data-key</td> 
   <td>data</td> 
   <td>If format is Format.PROPERTIES or Format.YAML then the following field is used as key to look up consul for configuration.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.config.default-context</td> 
   <td>application</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.config.enabled</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.config.fail-fast</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Throw exceptions during config lookup if true, otherwise, log warnings.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.config.format</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.config.name</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Alternative to spring.application.name to use in looking up values in consul KV.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.config.prefix</td> 
   <td>config</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.config.profile-separator</td> 
   <td>,</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.config.watch.delay</td> 
   <td>1000</td> 
   <td>The value of the fixed delay for the watch in millis. Defaults to 1000.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.config.watch.enabled</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>If the watch is enabled. Defaults to true.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.config.watch.wait-time</td> 
   <td>55</td> 
   <td>The number of seconds to wait (or block) for watch query, defaults to 55. Needs to be less than default ConsulClient (defaults to 60). To increase ConsulClient timeout create a ConsulClient bean with a custom ConsulRawClient with a custom HttpClient.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.acl-token</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.catalog-services-watch-delay</td> 
   <td>1000</td> 
   <td>The delay between calls to watch consul catalog in millis, default is 1000.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.catalog-services-watch-timeout</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>The number of seconds to block while watching consul catalog, default is 2.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.consistency-mode</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Consistency mode for health service request.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.datacenters</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Map of serviceId’s → datacenter to query for in server list. This allows looking up services in another datacenters.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.default-query-tag</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Tag to query for in service list if one is not listed in serverListQueryTags.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.default-zone-metadata-name</td> 
   <td>zone</td> 
   <td>Service instance zone comes from metadata. This allows changing the metadata tag name.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.deregister</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Disable automatic de-registration of service in consul.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.enabled</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Is service discovery enabled?</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.fail-fast</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Throw exceptions during service registration if true, otherwise, log warnings (defaults to true).</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.health-check-critical-timeout</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Timeout to deregister services critical for longer than timeout (e.g. 30m). Requires consul version 7.x or higher.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.health-check-headers</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Headers to be applied to the Health Check calls.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.health-check-interval</td> 
   <td>10s</td> 
   <td>How often to perform the health check (e.g. 10s), defaults to 10s.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.health-check-path</td> 
   <td>/actuator/health</td> 
   <td>Alternate server path to invoke for health checking.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.health-check-timeout</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Timeout for health check (e.g. 10s).</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.health-check-tls-skip-verify</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Skips certificate verification during service checks if true, otherwise runs certificate verification.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.health-check-url</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Custom health check url to override default.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.heartbeat.enabled</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.heartbeat.interval-ratio</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.heartbeat.ttl</td> 
   <td>30s</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.hostname</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Hostname to use when accessing server.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.include-hostname-in-instance-id</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>Whether hostname is included into the default instance id when registering service.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.instance-group</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Service instance group.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.instance-id</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Unique service instance id.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.instance-zone</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Service instance zone.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.ip-address</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>IP address to use when accessing service (must also set preferIpAddress to use).</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.lifecycle.enabled</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.management-port</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Port to register the management service under (defaults to management port).</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.management-suffix</td> 
   <td>management</td> 
   <td>Suffix to use when registering management service.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.management-tags</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Tags to use when registering management service.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.order</td> 
   <td>0</td> 
   <td>Order of the discovery client used by?CompositeDiscoveryClient?for sorting available clients.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.port</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Port to register the service under (defaults to listening port).</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.prefer-agent-address</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>Source of how we will determine the address to use.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.prefer-ip-address</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>Use ip address rather than hostname during registration.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.query-passing</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>Add the 'passing` parameter to /v1/health/service/serviceName. This pushes health check passing to the server.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.register</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Register as a service in consul.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.register-health-check</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Register health check in consul. Useful during development of a service.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.scheme</td> 
   <td>http</td> 
   <td>Whether to register an http or https service.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.server-list-query-tags</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Map of serviceId’s → tag to query for in server list. This allows filtering services by a single tag.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.service-name</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Service name.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.discovery.tags</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Tags to use when registering service.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.enabled</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Is spring cloud consul enabled.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.host</td> 
   <td>localhost</td> 
   <td>Consul agent hostname. Defaults to ‘localhost’.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.port</td> 
   <td>8500</td> 
   <td>Consul agent port. Defaults to ‘8500’.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.retry.initial-interval</td> 
   <td>1000</td> 
   <td>Initial retry interval in milliseconds.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.retry.max-attempts</td> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>Maximum number of attempts.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.retry.max-interval</td> 
   <td>2000</td> 
   <td>Maximum interval for backoff.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.retry.multiplier</td> 
   <td>1.1</td> 
   <td>Multiplier for next interval.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.scheme</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Consul agent scheme (HTTP/HTTPS). If there is no scheme in address - client will use HTTP.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.tls.certificate-password</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Password to open the certificate.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.tls.certificate-path</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>File path to the certificate.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.tls.key-store-instance-type</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Type of key framework to use.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.tls.key-store-password</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Password to an external keystore.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>spring.cloud.consul.tls.key-store-path</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>Path to an external keystore.</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

来源官网：[https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-consul/reference/html/appendix.html][https_cloud.spring.io_spring-cloud-consul_reference_html_appendix.html]

[provider-module.png]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9vc2NpbWcub3NjaGluYS5uZXQvb3NjbmV0L3VwLWY5YjQzODgxMjJkZjQ0ODAzNjMyNmQ5NDgzODdkZjMzYmYxLnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[provider-service.png]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9vc2NpbWcub3NjaGluYS5uZXQvb3NjbmV0L3VwLTg5MjhjYzhhMGMzMzljNTcxNGEyODdiYTE4NzU3OTY0MTZmLnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[consumer-module.png]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9vc2NpbWcub3NjaGluYS5uZXQvb3NjbmV0L3VwLWViZTU4YmM4ZDViYTU2MDg1MzBjNzVkODViNzU4Y2ZhODI5LnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[consumer-service.png]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9vc2NpbWcub3NjaGluYS5uZXQvb3NjbmV0L3VwLTViYTU0YjcyMzlhMDhhOTM3YTMyMjMzOTlhYWIwZGQ2YzZkLnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[consul-services.png]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9vc2NpbWcub3NjaGluYS5uZXQvb3NjbmV0L3VwLThmZWZkNGFkNDcwZjI3YmRmZWQ0NzVlZGI5ZDkyNmRkNWU3LnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[consul-nodes.png]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9vc2NpbWcub3NjaGluYS5uZXQvb3NjbmV0L3VwLWYzNzk4YjhhMzQ1MjZhMDBkYjAwYjhmMjBlZDZhYTYxN2E1LnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[http_127.0.0.1_9090_test]: http://127.0.0.1:9090/test
[invoke.png]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9vc2NpbWcub3NjaGluYS5uZXQvb3NjbmV0L3VwLWUxODRjZGZjZjI1ZGE0OTg1OWFlNmZjMzA0ZjVjZmQxYjJhLnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[critical.png]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9vc2NpbWcub3NjaGluYS5uZXQvb3NjbmV0L3VwLWU5MWUxZDYyZDg5MTM0MjgyYzM1NzZjZTA1MDNjNGFhNjRkLnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[service not found.ong]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9vc2NpbWcub3NjaGluYS5uZXQvb3NjbmV0L3VwLWU4OTZmMjA3YzVlZTg0ODNhZGU0ZDcwNDRkODY1NWQ5NGQ1LnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[https_cloud.spring.io_spring-cloud-consul_reference_html_appendix.html]: https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-consul/reference/html/appendix.html