Python - 日期、时间和日历操作

Dear 丶 2023-07-09 14:27 4阅读 0赞

总结Python的日期、时间和日历的获取、比较等，主要是导入time、datetime、calendar这三个包

## 日期格式的转换 ##

import datetime
    time_format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
    now = datetime.datetime.now()
    print now
    print type(now)
    # 将日期转化为字符串 datetime -> string
    print now.strftime(time_format)
    print '------------------'
    
    # 将字符串转换为日期 string -> datetime
    t_str = '2020-02-19 17:12:00'
    d = datetime.datetime.strptime(t_str, time_format)  # 注意这里是 strptime，不是strftime
    print d
    print type(d)

运行结果：

2020-02-29 11:11:39.032802
    <type 'datetime.datetime'>
    2020-02-29 11:11:39
    ------------------
    2020-02-19 17:12:00
    <type 'datetime.datetime'>

## 日期的加减操作 ##

在datetime模块中有timedelta类，这个类的对象用于表示一个时间间隔。timedelta类的实例支持加、减、乘、除等操作。

import datetime
    
    # 计算两个日期的间隔
    time_format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
    d1 = datetime.datetime.strptime('2020-02-22 17:14:44', time_format)
    d2 = datetime.datetime.strptime('2020-02-19 17:10:41', time_format)
    delta = d1 - d2
    print delta.days
    print delta.seconds
    print delta
    print '------------------'+'\n'
    
    # 当前时间
    now = datetime.datetime.now()
    print ('Current time is: ' + now.strftime(time_format))
    # 今天的3天后的日期
    delta2 = datetime.timedelta(days=3)
    three_days_later = now + delta2
    print ('Three days later: ' + three_days_later.strftime(time_format))
    print '------------------'+'\n'
    
    # 现在过后5分钟的时间
    delta3 = datetime.timedelta(minutes=5)
    after_5minutes = now + delta3
    print type(after_5minutes)
    print ('Five minutes later: ' + after_5minutes.strftime(time_format))

运行结果：

3
    243
    3 days, 0:04:03
    ------------------
    
    Current time is: 2020-02-29 11:05:48
    Three days later: 2020-03-03 11:05:48
    ------------------
    
    <type 'datetime.datetime'>
    Five minutes later: 2020-02-29 11:10:48

## time 和 datetime的区别 ##

time和datetime获取的当前时间，一个是str格式，一个是datetime格式

import datetime
    import time
    
    time_format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
    now = datetime.datetime.now()
    # time 和 datetime的区别
    now_time = time.strftime(time_format)
    now_datetime = datetime.datetime.now()
    print ('now_time: ' , now_time)
    print ('now_time type is: ', type(now_time))
    print ('now_datetime: ', now_datetime)
    print ('now_datetime type is: ', type(now_datetime))

运行结果：

('now_time: ', '2020-02-29 11:20:11')
    ('now_time type is: ', <type 'str'>)
    ('now_datetime: ', datetime.datetime(2020, 2, 29, 11, 20, 11, 346197))
    ('now_datetime type is: ', <type 'datetime.datetime'>)

## 英文的月份转数字及数字转英文 ##

import datetime
    import calendar
    
    # 数字月份转英文简写
    print "英文3月简写：" + calendar.month_abbr[3]
    # 英文月份简写转数字月份
    expiration_time = 'Mar-22-2020'
    month = expiration_time.split('-')[0]
    expiration_month = list(calendar.month_abbr).index(month)
    print expiration_month
    print type(expiration_month)
    print '-------'+'\n'
    
    # 数字转月份的全写
    print calendar.month_name[11]
    # 月份转数字
    print list(calendar.month_name).index('December')

运行结果：

英文3月简写：Mar
    3
    <type 'int'>
    -------
    
    November
    12

## 获取当前年份，日，月，小时，分钟，秒 ##

import datetime
    
    # 获取当前月份
    current_month = datetime.datetime.now().month
    print ('current month is: %d', current_month)
    print type(current_month)
    # 获取今天是几号
    print ('current day is: %d', datetime.datetime.now().day)
    print ('current year is: %d', datetime.datetime.now().year)
    print '\n'
    print ('current hour is: %d', datetime.datetime.now().hour)
    print ('current minute is: %d', datetime.datetime.now().minute)
    print ('current second is: %d', datetime.datetime.now().second)

运行结果：

('current month is: %d', 2)
    <type 'int'>
    ('current day is: %d', 29)
    ('current year is: %d', 2020)
    
    ('current hour is: %d', 11)
    ('current minute is: %d', 56)
    ('current second is: %d', 45)

先总结这些，持续更新…