Nginx反向代理、负载均衡、ip_hash实现

怼烎@ 2023-07-08 07:00 47阅读 0赞

# 一、Nginx反向代理实现 #

需要三台虚拟机：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>虚拟机</th> 
   <th>ip</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>server1</td> 
   <td>172.25.63.1</td> 
   <td>反向代理服务器</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>server2</td> 
   <td>172.25.63.2</td> 
   <td>后端服务器</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>server3</td> 
   <td>172.25.63.3</td> 
   <td>后端服务器</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**1.为nginx制作软链接**

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/

**2.修改配置文件**

[root@server1 nginx]# cd conf/
    [root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf
    修改：
     12 http { 
     13     include       mime.types;
     14     default_type  application/octet-stream;
     15         upstream westos { 
     16                 server 172.25.63.3:80;			#后端服务器ip及端口
     17 
     18 }
    .......
     55 server { 
     56         listen 80;
     57         server_name www.westos.org;
     58         location / { 
     59                 proxy_pass http://westos;
     60 }
     61 }

修改完成后使用以下命令检查是否有错误：

[root@server1 conf]# nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

打开（nginx没有打开时）或重新加载（nginx打开时）：

[root@server1 conf]# nginx			#打开nginx
    [root@server1 conf]# nginx -s reload		#重新加载nginx

**3 配置后端服务器**

两台虚拟机均安装httpd并写入测试页面：

[root@server2 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
    [root@server2 ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
    server2
    [root@server2 ~]# systemctl start httpd

[root@server3 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
    [root@server3 ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
    server3
    [root@server3 ~]# systemctl start httpd

**4.测试**

在物理机测试：

[root@foundation63 ~]# curl www.westos.org
    server3					#反向代理成功
    [root@foundation63 ~]# curl www.westos.org
    server3

注意：此步需要在物理机做解析

[root@foundation63 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
    172.25.63.1 www.westos.org

# 二、Nginx负载均衡实现 #

此实验与一中实验基本相同，为以不同的点就是配置文件：  
在server1：

[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf 
     12 http { 
     13     include       mime.types;
     14     default_type  application/octet-stream;
     15         upstream westos { 
     16                 server 172.25.63.2:80;
     17                 server 172.25.63.3:80;
     18 
     19 }
    .......
     56 server { 
     57         listen 80;
     58         server_name www.westos.org;
     59         location / { 
     60                 proxy_pass http://westos;
     61 }
     62 }

\-t 检查没有错误后重新加载：

[root@server1 conf]# nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@server1 conf]# nginx -s reload

测试：  
在物理机

[root@foundation63 ~]# curl www.westos.org
    server2
    [root@foundation63 ~]# curl www.westos.org
    server3
    [root@foundation63 ~]# curl www.westos.org
    server2
    [root@foundation63 ~]# curl www.westos.org
    server3

**nginx同样对后端的服务器有故障检测**

当server2 的服务宕机后：

[root@server2 ~]# systemctl stop httpd

再进行测试：  
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# 三、使一个ip地址只能访问一个服务器 #

有时需要使一个ip地址只能访问一个服务器而不是在两台服务器之间切换，此时需要在server1的配置文件作如下更改：

[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf
     12 http { 
     13     include       mime.types;
     14     default_type  application/octet-stream;
     15         upstream westos { 
     16                 ip_hash;
     17                 server 172.25.63.2:80;
     18                 server 172.25.63.3:80;
     19 
     20 }
    ........

测试：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

# 四、将server1作为server3的备用服务器 #

**1.编辑nginx配置文件**  
在server1：

[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf
    
     12 http { 
     13     include       mime.types;
     14     default_type  application/octet-stream;
     15         upstream westos { 
     16                 #ip_hash;
     17                 server 127.0.0.1:80 backup;
     18                 server 172.25.63.3:80;
     19 
     20 }

**2.编辑nginx测试页面**  
在server1：

[root@server1 nginx]# cd html/
    [root@server1 html]# echo server1 > index.html
    [root@server1 html]# cat index.html 
    server1

之后重新加载：

[root@server1 html]# nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@server1 html]# nginx -s reload

**3.测试**

在物理机：  
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