13.将微服务运行在docker上

女爷i 2023-07-05 13:13 9阅读 0赞

dockerfile 是一个文本文件，其中包含了若干条指令

1.  创建 文件 Dockerfile

FROM nginx
    RUN echo '<h1>spring cloud yu docker ha ha </h1>' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

1.  构建并且运行
    
        docker build -t nginx:my .
        docker run -d -p 92:80 nginx:my

http://192.168.43.201:92/ 即可访问

## dockerfile常用指令 ##

### ADD 复制文件 ###

add src … dest

add \[“src”,…“desc”\]

src目录文件，desc容器

src可以是Dockerfile所在目录的相对路径，url，压缩包

ADD eureka.jar aap.jar

## ARG 构建参数，类似于ENV，只不过在容器运行时，不存在这些参数的 ##

ARG user1=someuser

## CMD 容器启动指令 ##

每个Dockerfile只有一个CMD命令

CMD \[“executable”,“param1”,“param2”\]

CMD \[“param1”,“param2”\]

CMD command param1 param2 在shell中执行

例子：CMD echo “This is a test” | wc -

## COPY 复制文件 ##

COPY src … desc 通add

和 ADD类似，只是 不支持 RUL 和 压缩包

## ENTRYPOINT entrypoint 入口点 ##

ENTRYPOINT \[“executable”,“param1”,“param2”\]

ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2 在shell中执行

和 CMD 一样，都是 docker 容器启动时执行的命令

## ENV 设置环境变量 ##

ENV key value

ENV key=value

ENV JAVA\_HOME /path/to/java

## EXPOSE 声明暴露的端口 ##

运行时，容器提供服务的端口

EXPOSE port

EXPOSE prot1 #端口示例
    docker run -p port1 image   #运行
    docker run -p image  #或者-P image
    
    EXPOSE prot1 prot2 #端口示例
    docker run -p port1 -p port2 image   #运行
    docker run -p host_port1:port1 -p host_port2:port2 image   #运行

## FROM 指定基础镜像 ##

像extends关键字

FROM必须指定，切需要写在其他指令之前

FROM

FROM :

FROM @

## LABEL 为镜像添加元数据 ##

LABEL = =

“” 转义 \\ 换行

LABEL version=“1.0”

LABEL “com.exaple”=“Incorporated”

## MAINTAINER main tainer 指定维护者的信息 ##

为 Dockerfile署名

MAINTAINER 周立[eacdy0000@126.com][eacdy0000_126.com]

## RUN 执行 ##

RUN command

在shell终端运行

linux /bin/sh -c

windows cmd /s /c

RUN \[“executable”,“param1”,“param2”\] 使用exec执行，类似于函数调用

RUN \["/bin/bash","-c",“echo hello”\]

## USER 设置用户 ##

启动镜像时的用户 或者 UID

USER 用户名

USER deamon

## VOLUME 指定挂载点 volume ##

使用容器的一个目录，具有持续化存储的功能，可被容器本身使用或共享给其他容器

VOLUME /data

## WORKDIR workdir 指定工作目录 ##

WORKDIR /path/to/workdir

该指令后的 RUN CMD ENTRYPOINT 都将该目录作为当前目录

# 使用Dockerfile构建 镜像 #

mvn clean package

编写docker file

FROM java:8
    VOLUME /tmp #本地文件夹挂载到当前容器
    # 复制文件到容器
    ADD microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
    RUN bash -c 'touch /app.jar'
    EXPOSE 8761 # 声明需要暴露的端口
    ENTRYPOINT ["java","-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom","-jar","/app.jar"] # 配置容器启动后执行的命令，java -jar /app.jar

可以使用"-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom"加快随机数产生过程。  
解决阿里云的tomcat启动慢的问题: Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom  
后台启动并打印日志 nohup java -jar项目名.jarDjava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom > 日志.log 2>&1 &

docker build -t itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1 . 打包
    docker run -d -p 8761:8761 itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1
    http://localhost:8761/

[root@CentOS1rr 桌面]# docker build -t itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1 .
    Sending build context to Docker daemon  282.2MB
    Step 1/6 : FROM java:8
    8: Pulling from library/java  #pull下来java 8
    5040bd298390: Pull complete
    Digest: sha256:c1ff613e8ba25833d2e1940da0940c3824f03f802c449f3d1815a66b7f8c0e9d
    Status: Downloaded newer image for java:8
     ---> d23bdf5b1b1b
    Step 2/6 : VOLUME /tmp
     ---> Running in e59982b4f158
    Removing intermediate container e59982b4f158
     ---> dd0ce5eeff83
    Step 3/6 : ADD microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar #复制到 app.jar
     ---> 77cb6bb3326f
    Step 4/6 : RUN bash -c 'touch /app.jar'  #运行
     ---> Running in 7791e50b5f5a
    Removing intermediate container 7791e50b5f5a
     ---> 304a49be92c3
    Step 5/6 : EXPOSE 8761 #端口为8761
     ---> [Warning] IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
     ---> Running in a52d73f32edd
    Removing intermediate container a52d73f32edd
     ---> 627b3990da2a
    Step 6/6 : ENTRYPOINT ["java","-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom","-jar","/app.jar"]  #后续的执行
     ---> [Warning] IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
     ---> Running in d5b2ac655200
    Removing intermediate container d5b2ac655200
     ---> 2548e842daa3
    Successfully built 2548e842daa3
    Successfully tagged itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1:latest  #构建成功

# docker registry管理 docker镜像 #

docker hub 是 docker官方维护的 docker registry。上面有很多优秀的镜像

docker search 命令搜索镜像

https://hub.docker.com/

docker login

docker push itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1 推送到仓库

## docker registry 2.0 搭建私有仓库 ##

docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry2 registry:2   #下载registry
    
    
    docker tag itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1 localhost:5000/itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1   #更改tag
    
    docker push localhost:5000/itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1 #推送

http://ip:5000/v2/\_catalog ，访问可查看仓库动态，和仓库中有多文件

配置仓库
    vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
    内容如下：
    {
            "registry-mirrors": [
                    "<your acccelerate address>"
            ],
            "insecure-registries":  [
                    "ip:5000"
            ]
    }
    重启服务:
    service docker restart

> 还可以为私有仓库配置 域名，ssl登陆，认证
> 
> Docker Registry 2.0 不包含界面，用户管理，权限控制，如果想要这些，用 Docker Trusted Registry

# 使用maven插件构建镜像 #

spotify

fabric8io

bibryam

unzip microservice-discovery-eureka.zip 是解压的

<plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          </plugin>
    
          
          <plugin>
            <groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
            <artifactId>docker-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>0.4.13</version>
            <configuration>
              <imageName>itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka:0.0.1</imageName> 
              <baseImage>java</baseImage>
              <entryPoint>["java", "-jar", "/${project.build.finalName}.jar"]</entryPoint>
              <resources>
                <resource>
                  <targetPath>/</targetPath>
                  <directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
                  <include>${project.build.finalName}.jar</include>
                </resource>
              </resources>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>

imageName 镜像名字，itmuch 仓库名。microservice-discovery-eureka 镜像名。0.0.1 标签

baseImage 指定基础镜像

entryPoint 结束要运行的

resources directory： 需要复制的根目录，target目录

include 指定需要复制的文件

mvn clean package docker:build
    docker images
    docker run -d -p 8761:8761 itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka:0.0.1

## 读取Dockerfile构建 ##

src/main/docker/Dockerfile
    
    FROM java:8
    VOLUME /tmp
    ADD microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
    RUN bash -c 'touch /app.jar'
    EXPOSE 8761
    ENTRYPOINT ["java","-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom","-jar","/app.jar"]

> 没有baseImage ，和 entryPoint，在Dockerfile设置了

<plugin>
            <groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
            <artifactId>docker-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>0.4.13</version>
            <configuration>
              <imageName>itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka:0.0.2</imageName>
              <dockerDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/docker</dockerDirectory>
              
               
                <resource>
                  <targetPath>/</targetPath>
                  <directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
                  <include>${project.build.finalName}.jar</include>
                </resource>
              </resources>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>

# maven 安装 #

export MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.6.3
    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_131
    export PATH=$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

which java

wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.6.3/binaries/apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.tar.gz

tar zvxf apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.tar.gz

vim apache-maven-3.6.1/conf/settings.xml

<mirror>
    
          <id>alimaven</id>
    
          <name>aliyun maven</name>
    
          <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
    
          <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>       
    
    </mirror>

vim /etc/profile

export MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.6.3
    export PATH=$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$PATH

\#/opt/maven/apache-maven-3.6.1

source /etc/profile

mvn -v

# 将插件绑定在某个phase执行 #

mvn phase:goal

mvn package docker:build

package docker 都是 phase

build 是 goal

<build>
        <plugins>
          
          <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          </plugin>
    
          <plugin>
            <groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
            <artifactId>docker-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>0.4.13</version>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <id>build-image</id>
                <phase>package</phase>
                <goals>
                  <goal>build</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
            <configuration>
              <imageName>itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka:0.0.3</imageName>
              <baseImage>java</baseImage>
              <entryPoint>["java", "-jar", "/${project.build.finalName}.jar"]</entryPoint>
    
                <resource>
                  <targetPath>/</targetPath>
                  <directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
                  <include>${project.build.finalName}.jar</include>
                </resource>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>
        </plugins>
      </build>

不加这些要用: mvn clean package docker:build
              <execution>
                <id>build-image</id>
                <phase>package</phase>
                <goals>
                  <goal>build</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>

执行： mvn package 就会自动执行： docker：build

# 推送镜像 #

docker push

也可用maven插件推送一个Docker镜像到 Docker Hub

修改 maven的 setting.xml

<servers>
        <server>
          <id>docker-hub</id>
          <username>cakin24</username>
          <password>cakin24的密码</password>
          <configuration>
              <email>DockerHub邮箱</email>
          </configuration>
        </server>
      </servers>

pom.xml

<plugin>
            <groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
            <artifactId>docker-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>0.4.13</version>
            <configuration>
              <imageName>itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka:0.0.4</imageName>
              <baseImage>java</baseImage>
              <entryPoint>["java", "-jar", "/${project.build.finalName}.jar"]</entryPoint>
              <resources>
                <resource>
                  <targetPath>/</targetPath>
                  <directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
                  <include>${project.build.finalName}.jar</include>
                </resource>
              </resources>
    
              
              <serverId>docker-hub</serverId>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>

> mvn clean package docker:build -DpushImage

推送到私有仓库

localhost:5000/itmuch/microservice-discovery-eureka:0.0.4

<imageTags>
                <imageTag>0.0.5</imageTag>
                <tag>latest</tag>
              </imageTags>

mvn clean package docker:build -DpushImageTags -DdockerImageTags=lastest -DdockerImageTags=another-tag

<configuration> <forceTags>true</forceTags> #覆盖push

# Docker Compose 编排微服务 #

Compose 定义和运行多容器Docker应用程序的工具，前身是Fig。

构建CI工作流

本书用 1.10.0

curl -L https://get.daocloud.io/docker/compose/releases/download/1.22.0/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
    
    chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/compose/$(docker-compose version --short)/contrib/completion/bash/docker-compose -o /etc/bash_completion.d/docker-compose
    
     docker-compose s
    scale  start  stop

[eacdy0000_126.com]: mailto:eacdy0000@126.com