SpringMVC框架01——使用IDEA搭建SpringMVC环境

Dear 丶 2023-07-04 14:27 122阅读 0赞

# 1、Spring MVC 入门 #

## 1.1、Spring MVC 简介 ##

把Web应用程序分为三层，分别是：

*  控制器（Controller）：负责接收并处理请求，响应客户端；
 *  模型（Model）：模型数据，业务逻辑；
 *  视图（View）：呈现模型，与用户进行交互；

![480452-20190315175052136-746709871.png][]

目前最好的实现MVC设计模式的框架，是Spring框架的一个子模块，可以与Spring很好的结合使用，无需整合。

## 1.2、SpringMVC核心组件 ##

*  DispatcherServlet：前置控制器
 *  Handler：处理器，完成具体业务逻辑
 *  HandlerMapping：将请求映射到Handler
 *  HandlerInterceptor：处理器拦截器
 *  HandlerExecutionChain：处理器执行链
 *  HandlerAdapter：处理器适配器
 *  ModelAndView：装载模型数据和视图信息
 *  ViewResolver：视图解析器

##  1.3、SpringMVC工作流程 ##

（1）客户端请求提交到DispatcherServlet；  
（2）由DispatcherServlet控制器寻找一个或多个HandlerMapping，找到处理请求的Controller；  
（3）DispatcherServlet将请求提交到Controller；  
（4）Controller调用业务逻辑处理后返回ModelAndView；  
（5）DispatcherServlet寻找一个或多个ViewResolver视图解析器，找到ModelAndView指定的视图；  
（6）视图负责将结果显示到客户端；

![480452-20190315175359693-1821318681.png][]

# 2、SpringMVC的实现 #

## 2.1、创建SpringMVC项目 ##

实现步骤：

打开IDEA工具，创建新项目，选择Maven工程，使用jdk1.8版本，勾选“Create from archetype”，选择maven-archetype-webapp的方式创建，点击Next

![480452-20190315175506770-1452493182.png][]

配置项目信息，点击Next

![480452-20190315202628883-1028601589.png][]

配置Maven信息，点击Next

![480452-20190315202703417-1004845375.png][]

配置工作空间，点击Finish

![480452-20190315202735205-501142532.png][]

在控制台显示BUILD SUCCESS，项目创建完成

![480452-20190315202808579-1677416884.png][]

默认创建的项目目录，resource存放配置文件，webapp目录存放web页面和组件

![480452-20190315202906455-1223191649.png][]

在main目录上右键，选择New-->Directory创建java目录

![480452-20190315202935861-1221863915.png][]

![480452-20190315202950976-535688027.png][]

![480452-20190315203006583-902446442.png][]

在java目录上点击右键，选择Mark Directory as-->Sources Root，将java目录设置为资源目录

![480452-20190315203034228-336434340.png][]

![480452-20190315203050418-664311081.png][]

在pom.xml中引入依赖

<dependencies>
      
      <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.11</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>

打开src-->main-->webapp-->WEB-INF-->web.xml，配置SpringMVC的Servlet：

<servlet>
      <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      
      <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
      </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

## 2.2、基于XML配置SpringMVC ##

在src-->main-->resources目录上点击右键，选择New-->XML Configuration File-->Spring Config，创建springmvc.xml配置文件

![480452-20190315203355891-1109140833.png][]

![480452-20190315203409815-1524345005.png][]

![480452-20190315203425858-2118886640.png][]

在java目录上创建MyHandler类，实现Controller接口，并重写handelRequest()方法

![480452-20190315203452078-1919335741.png][]

如果出现HttpServletRequest报红，原因是没有引入依赖

![480452-20190315203517766-230911017.png][]

选择File-->Project Structure

![480452-20190315203540658-214512403.png][]

参考图片依次选择Modules，点击右边+号，选择Library

![480452-20190315203621926-1036692094.png][]

添加Tomcat，点击Add Selected

![480452-20190315203648164-877228388.png][]

编辑模型视图代码：

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
    
    public class MyHandler implements Controller {
        public ModelAndView handleRequest(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
            //装载模型数据和逻辑视图
            ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
            //添加模型数据
            modelAndView.addObject("name","Tom");
            //添加逻辑视图
            modelAndView.setViewName("show");
            return modelAndView;
        }
    }

在webapp目录下创建show.jsp，使用EL表达式输出name  
如果使用EL表达式，必须配置isELIgnored="false"

![480452-20190315203757935-1561885822.png][]

在springmvc.xml文件中配置Controller和HandlerMapping组件映射

<bean id="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
        
        <property name="mappings">
            <props>
                
                <prop key="/test">testHandler</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="testHandler" class="com.springtest.MyHandler"></bean>
    
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

配置Tomcat

![480452-20190315203843829-1547742897.png][]

![480452-20190315203857951-1128269115.png][]

![480452-20190315203913641-500707452.png][]

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![480452-20190315203941274-857993047.png][]

![480452-20190315203957510-1022082433.png][]

完成以上步骤操作后，点击OK，在控制台处点击运行

![480452-20190315204028096-1806193959.png][]

在浏览器中访问 localhost:8080/test，页面就会显示ModelAndView返回的值

![480452-20190315204049950-61597224.png][]

## 2.3、基于注解配置SpringMVC ##

使用注解配置SpringMVC，只需要修改springmvc.xml文件：

<context:component-scan base-package="com.springdemo.controller"></context:component-scan>
    
    
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

创建AnnotationHandler类，使用注解实现：

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    
    @Controller
    public class AnnotationHandler {
    
        /**
         * 业务方法
         * 使用ModelAndView完成数据传递、视图解析
         */
        @RequestMapping("/modelAndViewTest")
        public ModelAndView modelAndViewTest(){
            ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
            modelAndView.addObject("name","Jack");
            modelAndView.setViewName("show");
            return modelAndView;
        }
    
    }

启动Tomcat

![480452-20190315214535903-834229587.png][]

业务方法还可以使用以下两种方式实现：  
（1）使用Model传值，String解析视图

/**
     * 业务方法
     * 使用Model传值，String进行视图解析
     */
    @RequestMapping("/modelTest")
    public String modelTest(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("name","Lucy");
        return "show" ;
    }

启动Tomcat

![480452-20190315214634573-571173926.png][]

（2）使用Map传值，String解析视图

/**
     * 业务方法
     * 使用Map传值，String解析视图
     */
    @RequestMapping("/mapTest")
    public String mapTest(Map<String,String> map){
        map.put("name","Lilei");
        return "show";
    }

启动Tomcat

![480452-20190315214720695-2061476543.png][]

## 2.4、解决客户端请求乱码问题 ##

在web.xml中配置filter

<filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
          <param-name>encoding</param-name>
          <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
          <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
          <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>

## 2.5、配置静态资源访问 ##

在web.xml中配置：

<servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

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