CentOS部署MySQL 5.7（详细）

梦里梦外; 2023-07-04 06:23 9阅读 0赞

**MySQL5.7安装步骤**

*  查看该操作系统上是否已经安装了mysql数据库
    
        rpm -qa | grep mysql
 *  如果已存在，进行删除( yum remove )

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
    mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
    [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# service mysql status
    mysql: unrecognized service
    [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# yum remove mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
    ...
    Removed:
      mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.71-1.el6                                                                       
    
    Dependency Removed:
      cloud-init.x86_64 0:0.7.5-10.el6.centos.2           cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.4-12.el6                       
      cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.4-12.el6                crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6                      
      postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1                    redhat-lsb-core.x86_64 0:4.0-7.el6.centos          
      sysstat.x86_64 0:9.0.4-22.el6                      
    
    Complete!
    [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]#

*  没有则根据以下步骤安装
    
    1、在/usr/local目录下新建文件夹mysql  
    2、将下载好的linux mysql安装包上传服务器
    
    > 下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html\#downloads
    
    3、解压文件
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql\]\# tar -vxzf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64.tar.gz
 *  配置MySQL  
    1、建立mysql用户（mysql）和用户组（mysql），并创建数据库
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql\]\# groupadd mysql  
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql\]\# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
    
    \-r：表示mysql用户是一个系统用户
    
    2、创建数据库目录
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql\]\# mkdir -p /var/mysql/data  
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql\]\# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/mysql
    
    3、初始化数据库（注意目录层级）
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86\_64 --datadir=/var/mysql/data
    
    注意：初始化完成后，最后一行会生成一个临时登录密码，记下来。
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64 --datadir=/var/mysql/data  
    > 2020-02-09T03:54:51.849852Z 0 \[Warning\] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit\_defaults\_for\_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).  
    > 2020-02-09T03:54:52.849221Z 0 \[Warning\] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790  
    > 2020-02-09T03:54:53.009538Z 0 \[Warning\] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.  
    > 2020-02-09T03:54:53.093615Z 0 \[Warning\] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ed876cce-4aef-11ea-ab5f-fa163e79b50a.  
    > 2020-02-09T03:54:53.096645Z 0 \[Warning\] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid\_executed’ cannot be opened.  
    > 2020-02-09T03:54:53.097556Z 1 \[Note\] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (k9.fR\_%rh3=  
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\#
    
    ***注：如果初始化报错：***
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\# /bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64 --datadir=/var/mysql/data  
    > \-bash: /bin/mysqld: No such file or directory
    
    说明缺少安装包libaio和libaio-devel.执行以下命令进行安装
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\# yum install -y libaio\*
    
    如果报错：bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1
    
    > \[root@VM-0-15-centos mysql-5.7.32-el7-x86\_64\]\# yum -y install numactl
    
    3.1 把mysql加入搜索路径
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\# vi /etc/profile  
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\# source /etc/profile
    
        export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
        export PATH=${MYSQL_HOME}/bin:$PATH
    
    刷新配置文件
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\# source /etc/profile
    
    ***注：如果报错：cannot execute binary file***
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\#  
    > bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql –  
    > basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64  
    > –datadir=/var/mysql/data -bash: bin/mysqld: cannot execute binary file
    
    检查系统位数：
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 /\]\# getconf LONG\_BIT  
    > 32
    
    与所安装软件位数不符，更换对应版本
    
    4、配置MySQL  
    修改mysql配置文件my.cnf
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\# whereis my.cnf  
    > my: /etc/my.cnf
    
    默认配置文件如下：
    
    > \[mysqld\]  
    > datadir=/var/lib/mysql  
    > socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock  
    > user=mysql  
    > \# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks  
    > symbolic-links=0  
    > \[mysqld\_safe\]  
    > log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log  
    > pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid  
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\#
    
    修改配置文件：
    
    > \[mysqld\]  
    > datadir=/var/mysql/data  
    > socket=/var/mysql/data/mysql.sock  
    > \# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks  
    > symbolic-links=0  
    > interactive\_timeout=3000  
    > wait\_timeout=3000  
    > character-set-server=utf8  
    > collation-server=utf8\_general\_ci  
    > \# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.  
    > \# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,  
    > \# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the  
    > \# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd  
    > \[mysqld\_safe\]  
    > \# log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log  
    > \# pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid  
    > log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysql.log  
    > pid-file=/var/mysql/data/mysql.pid  
    > \[client\]  
    > socket=/var/mysql/data/mysql.sock
    
    创建日志目录：
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\# cd /var/log  
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 log\]\# mkdir mysql  
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 log\]\# chown -R mysql:mysql ./mysql/
    
    配置系统启动后自动启动mysqld
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 log\]\# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64  
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64\]\# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
    
    修改/etc/init.d/mysqld
    
    > basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64  
    > datadir=/var/mysql/data
    
    设定开机启动，并启动
    
    > chkconfig --add mysqld  
    > chkconfig mysqld on  
    > service mysqld start
    
    执行结果并查看
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 data\]\# service mysqld start  
    > Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/var/log/mysql/mysql.log’.  
    > \[ OK \]  
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 data\]\# ps -ef | grep mysql  
    > root 4324 1 0 12:25 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64/bin/mysqld\_safe --datadir=/var/mysql/data --pid-file=/var/mysql/data/instance-38r7isl1.pid  
    > mysql 4538 4324 2 12:25 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64 --datadir=/var/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysql.log --pid-file=/var/mysql/data/instance-38r7isl1.pid --socket=/var/mysql/data/mysql.sock  
    > root 4988 1836 0 12:26 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql  
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 data\]\#
    
    密码修改和授权远程访问等
    
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 data\]\# mysql -umysql -p  
    > Enter password:  
    > ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘mysql’@‘localhost’ (using password: YES)  
    > \[root@instance-38r7isl1 data\]\# mysql -uroot -p  
    > Enter password:  
    > Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.  
    > Your MySQL connection id is 4  
    > Server version: 5.7.22  
    > Copyright © 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.  
    > Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its  
    > affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective  
    > owners.  
    > Type ‘help;’ or ‘\\h’ for help. Type ‘\\c’ to clear the current input statement.  
    > mysql> ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’;  
    > Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  
    > mysql> flush privileges;  
    > Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  
    > mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON \*.\* TO ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’;  
    > Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)  
    > mysql> flush privileges;  
    > Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  
    > mysql>
    
    使用Navicat连接测试通过