CentOS7.5安装Postgresql10.5和PostGIS

痛定思痛。 2023-07-03 10:38 3阅读 0赞

参考顺序：

1.  **[CentOS7.5安装Postgresql10.5和PostGIS][CentOS7.5_Postgresql10.5_PostGIS]****（**[**CentOS7.6安装Postgresq11和PostGIS**][CentOS7.6_Postgresq11_PostGIS]**）**
2.  **[CentOS7部署GeoServer][CentOS7_GeoServer]**
3.  **[CentOS7部署osm2pgsql][CentOS7_osm2pgsql]**
4.  **[GeoServer发布OSM地图][GeoServer_OSM]**

# CentOS7 安装Postgres10.5和PostGIS #

每次安装Postgresql总会有莫名其妙的问题，最好安装前先装好阿里和网易的yum源。

*  **系统：Centos7.5**

--------------------

# 一、安装Postgres10.5 #

**1.首先安装PostgreSQL的rpm**

yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/10/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch.rpm -y

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

查看postgresql源

yum list | grep postgresql

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

安装postgresql10-contrib和postgresql10-server

yum install postgresql10-contrib postgresql10-server -y

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

这样会给我们的系统增加一个postgres用户

**2.修改默认数据目录**   
Postgresql默认的数据目录是/var/lib/pgsql/版本号/data目录，这要求你在/var下有足够的存储空间，我们这里将其换掉，假设/home的空间很大。

首先在/home下创建一个Postgresql的数据目录，指定所有者postgres同时分配权限

mkdir /home/postgresql_data
    chown postgres:postgres /home/postgresql_data
    chmod 750 /home/postgresql_data

设置环境变量

export PATH=/usr/pgsql-10/bin:$PATH
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/pgsql-10/lib
    export PGDATA=/home/postgresql_data

切换到postgres用户，使用initdb初始化数据库，这样在/home/postgresql\_data下会增加很多东西，

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

修改/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-10.service文件的内容，在\#Location of database direcotry里面指定正确的PGDATA：

#Location of database directory
    Environment=PGDATA=/home/postgresql_data

**3.在root用户下配置数据库服务开机启动并立即启动数据库服务**

systemctl enable postgresql-10.service
    service postgresql-10 start
    service postgresql-10 status

检查数据库状态，有绿色，没红色说明启动完成

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

这个过程中出现过一个错误，启动失败：

![20200205161918467.png][]

我这边将/home/postgresql\_data下的postmaster.pid删除再重启服务就好了

**4.修改密码**   
分为postgres用户密码和数据库密码，保持一致吧

passwd postgres

![20200205164022327.png][]

设置数据库密码：

su postgres
    psql
    ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD '密码';

![20200205163949816.png][]

# 二、安装PostGIS #

**1.先安装几个工具包**

yum  install wget net-tools epel-release -y

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

然后安装postgis

yum install postgis24_10 postgis24_10-client -y

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

安装拓展工具

yum install ogr_fdw10 -y
    yum install pgrouting_10 -y

**2.创建数据库osm\_db**

CREATE DATABASE osm_db OWNER postgres;

进入数据库

\c osm_db

安装PostGis扩展

CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
    CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;
    CREATE EXTENSION ogr_fdw;

然后可以验证是否安装成功

SELECT postgis_full_version();

# 三、设置远程连接 #

**1.修改配置文件**   
首先修改/home/postgresql\_data/pg\_hba.conf，改为：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

其次修改/home/postgresql\_data/postgresql.conf，改为：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

之后重启服务

service postgresql-10 restart

**2.开启防火墙**

①开启防火墙对外端口服务

#开放postgresql服务
    firewall-cmd --add-service=postgresql --permanent  
    
    #或者开放5432端口
    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5432/tcp --permanent
    
    #命令含义：
    
    #--zone #作用域
    
    #--add-port=5432/tcp #添加端口，格式为：端口/通讯协议
    
    #--permanent #永久生效

![20200212115343385.png][]

②重启防火墙

#重载防火墙
    firewall-cmd --reload
    
    #或重启防火墙
    systemctl restart firewalld.service

![2020021211540027.png][]

③查看已经对外开放的端口

firewall-cmd --list-ports

④其他相关命令

关闭防火墙：

systemctl stop firewalld.service

查看监听(Listen)的端口

netstat -lntp

检查端口被哪个进程占用

netstat -lnp|grep 8080

删除端口配置：

firewall-cmd --zone= public--remove-port=80/tcp --permanent

[CentOS7.5_Postgresql10.5_PostGIS]: https://blog.csdn.net/junlong750/article/details/104183750
[CentOS7.6_Postgresq11_PostGIS]: https://blog.csdn.net/junlong750/article/details/104201527
[CentOS7_GeoServer]: https://blog.csdn.net/junlong750/article/details/104183621
[CentOS7_osm2pgsql]: https://blog.csdn.net/junlong750/article/details/104185692
[GeoServer_OSM]: https://blog.csdn.net/junlong750/article/details/104261072
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