python实现五子棋游戏（pygame版）

た入场券 2023-06-30 10:48 12阅读 0赞

### 目录 ###

*  简介
 *  实现过程
 *  结语

### 简介 ###

使用python实现pygame版的五子棋游戏；

环境：Windows系统+python3.8.0

游戏规则：

1.分两位棋手对战，默认黑棋先下；当在棋盘点击左键，即在该位置绘制黑棋；

2.自动切换到白棋，当在棋盘点击左键，即在该位置绘制白棋；

3.轮流切换棋手下棋，当那方先形成5子连线者获胜（横、竖、斜、反斜四个方向都可以）。

游戏运行效果如下：

![20200117102812249.gif][]

### 实现过程 ###

1.  新建文件settings.py，用来定义一些必须的基本属性和初始值；
    
        class Settings():
        	def __init__(self):
        		"""初始化的游戏配置"""
        		# 屏幕宽高
        		self.width = 700
        		self.height = 554
        		# 文字颜色和大小
        		self.fontsize = 14
        		self.fonttype = 'simsunnsimsun'
        		# 棋盘格数
        		self.number = 15
        		# 棋盘左边距、上边距和间隔
        		self.bd_left = 30
        		self.bd_top = 30
        		self.bd_space = 36
        		# 判断游戏是否结束（默认开始）
        		self.game_active = True
        		# 判断哪方下棋（默认黑子先写）
        		self.chess_player = 1
        		self.prompt_info = '当前棋手：黑棋'
        		# 开始校验输赢（两边合计9，因为已经有一边5步）
        		self.win_number = 0
        		# 设置背景图、黑棋图片、白棋图片路径
        		self.checkerboard_bg = 'images/checkerboard_bg.png'
        		self.black_chess = 'images/black_chess.png'
        		self.white_chess = 'images/white_chess.png'
        		# 存储落子数据
        		self.move_chess = []
    
     
2.  新建文件checkerboard.py，主要用来绘制背景图和棋格线；
    
        import sys
        import pygame
        
        class Checkerboard():
        	def __init__(self, ck_settings, screen, position):
        		self.ck_settings = ck_settings
        		self.screen = screen
        		self.position = position
        		
        		# 颜色和坐标大小
        		self.text_color = (0, 0, 0)
        		self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(ck_settings.fonttype, ck_settings.fontsize)
        		# 存储棋子坐标
        		self.checkerboard = []
        		# 加载背景图、黑棋和白棋（当有图片不存在时，打印错误并退出游戏）
        		try:
        			self.bg_image = pygame.image.load(ck_settings.checkerboard_bg)		
        			self.black_image = pygame.image.load(ck_settings.black_chess).convert_alpha() # convert_alpha背景透明
        			self.white_image = pygame.image.load(ck_settings.white_chess).convert_alpha()
        			self.chess_rect = self.black_image.get_rect()
        		except Exception as e:
        			print('error:', e)
        			sys.exit()
        
        	def draw_board(self):		
        		# 存储棋子坐标		
        		for i in range(self.ck_settings.number):
        			self.checkerboard.append([])
        			for j in range(self.ck_settings.number):
        				self.checkerboard[i].append(self.position(self.ck_settings.bd_left + i * self.ck_settings.bd_space, self.ck_settings.bd_top + j * self.ck_settings.bd_space))
        		# 绘制棋盘坐标
        		for i in range(0, self.ck_settings.number):
        			# ord返回字符的ASCII数值，chr再返回字符
        			x_text = self.font.render(chr(ord('A') + i), True, self.text_color) # A-O
        			y_text = self.font.render(str(i + 1), True, self.text_color) # 1-15
        
        			# 绘制xy轴坐标（在棋盘背景图绘制）
        			self.bg_image.blit(x_text, (self.checkerboard[i][0].x - x_text.get_width() / 2, self.checkerboard[i][0].y - 20))
        			self.bg_image.blit(y_text, (self.checkerboard[0][i].x - 20, self.checkerboard[0][i].y - y_text.get_height() / 2))
        						
        			# 绘制横竖线（在棋盘背景图绘制）
        			pygame.draw.line(self.bg_image, self.text_color, self.checkerboard[0][i], self.checkerboard[self.ck_settings.number-1][i])
        			pygame.draw.line(self.bg_image, self.text_color, self.checkerboard[i][0], self.checkerboard[i][self.ck_settings.number-1])
        		# 绘制棋盘背景图
        		self.screen.blit(self.bg_image, (0, 0))
    
     
3.  新建文件infopanel.py，主要用来绘制棋盘右边提示信息（暂时只有显示下棋方和获胜信息）；
    
        import pygame.font
        class Infopanel():
        	def __init__(self, ck_settings, screen):
        		"""初始化属性"""
        		self.settings = ck_settings
        		self.screen = screen
        		self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
        		# 设置文字颜色和字体大小
        		self.info_color = (217, 8, 10)
        		self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(ck_settings.fonttype, 16)
        		
        	def draw_info(self, info):
        		"""将文字渲染为图像，并定位到右边水平居中"""
        		self.info_image = self.font.render(info, True, self.info_color)
        		self.info_image_rect = self.info_image.get_rect()
        		self.info_image_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - (self.screen_rect.width - 536 - self.info_image_rect.width) / 2
        		self.info_image_rect.top = 50
        		# 绘制到屏幕
        		self.screen.blit(self.info_image, self.info_image_rect)
    
     
4.  新建文件“game\_functions.py”，存放跟游戏有关的所有业务逻辑函数；
    
        import sys
        import pygame
         
        # 棋
        def update_board(ck_settings, cb, index_coordinates, position):
        	"""更新棋盘信息"""
        	# 判断棋手（黑棋或白棋）
        	if ck_settings.chess_player == 1:
        		ck_settings.prompt_info = '当前棋手：白棋'
        		img = cb.black_image
        		chess_type = 'black'
        	else:
        		ck_settings.prompt_info = '当前棋手：黑棋'
        		img = cb.white_image
        		chess_type = 'white'
         
        	"""落棋"""
        	dropState = check_at(ck_settings, index_coordinates)
        	if dropState:
        		i, j = index_coordinates
        		chess_x = cb.checkerboard[j][i].x - cb.chess_rect.width / 2
        		chess_y = cb.checkerboard[j][i].y - cb.chess_rect.height / 2
        		# 累计步数（两边合计）
        		ck_settings.win_number += 1
        		# 落子并转换棋手
        		ck_settings.move_chess.append({'type': chess_type, 'coord': position(i, j)})
        		cb.bg_image.blit(img, (chess_x, chess_y))
        		ck_settings.chess_player *= -1
        		# 合计9步开始校验输赢
        		if ck_settings.win_number >= 9:
        			check_stats(ck_settings, (i, j))			
        	else:
        		ck_settings.prompt_info = '已经有其他棋子'
        		
        
        # 检查(i,j)位置是否已占用	
        def check_at(ck_settings, index_coordinates):
        	for item in ck_settings.move_chess:
        		if index_coordinates == item['coord']:
        			return False
        	return True
         
        def check_stats(ck_settings, pos):
        	"""校验四个方向，是否有了输赢"""
        	pos_i, pos_j = pos
        	directs = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)]	# 横、竖、斜、反斜 四个方向检查	
        	for direct in directs:
        		line_checkerboard = []
        		d_x, d_y = direct
         
        		last = ck_settings.move_chess[-1]
        		line_ball = []	# 存放在一条线上的棋子
        		for ball in ck_settings.move_chess:
        			# 跟最后落子判断
        			if ball['type'] == last['type']:
        				x = ball['coord'].x - last['coord'].x 
        				y = ball['coord'].y - last['coord'].y
        				if d_x == 0:
        					if x == 0:
        						line_ball.append(ball['coord'])
        				if d_y == 0:
        					if y == 0:
        						line_ball.append(ball['coord'])
        				if x * d_y == y * d_x:
        					line_ball.append(ball['coord'])
         
        		if len(line_ball) >= 5:	# 只有5子及以上才继续判断
        			sorted_line = sorted(line_ball)
        			for i, item in enumerate(sorted_line): 
        				index = i + 4
        				if index < len(sorted_line):
        					if d_x == 0:
        						y1 = item.y
        						y2 = sorted_line[index].y
        						# 此点和第5个点比较y值，如相差为4则连成5子
        						if abs(y1 - y2) == 4:
        							ck_settings.prompt_info = '黑棋获胜' if last['type'] == 'black' else '白棋获胜'
        					else:
        						x1 = item.x
        						x2 = sorted_line[index].x
        						# 此点和第5个点比较x值，如相差为4则连成5子
        						if abs(x1 - x2) == 4:
        							ck_settings.prompt_info = '黑棋获胜' if last['type'] == 'black' else '白棋获胜'
        				else:
        					break
        		
        # 事件
        def check_events(ck_settings, cb, position):
        	"""监听事件"""
        	for event in pygame.event.get():
        		if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
        			sys.exit()
        		elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
        			# 点击左键
        			if event.button == 1:
        				pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos() # 获取点击实际坐标
        				# 判断是否溢出
        				x_first = cb.checkerboard[0][0].x
        				x_last = cb.checkerboard[ck_settings.number - 1][ck_settings.number - 1].x
        				y_first = cb.checkerboard[0][0].y
        				y_last = cb.checkerboard[ck_settings.number - 1][ck_settings.number - 1].y
        				if pos[0] < x_first or pos[0] > x_last or pos[1] < y_first or pos[1] > y_last:
        					ck_settings.prompt_info = '落子位置不正确！'
        				else:
        					index_coordinates = to_index(ck_settings, pos)
        					update_board(ck_settings, cb, index_coordinates, position)
         
        def to_index(ck_settings, pos):
        	"""实际坐标转换为棋盘下标"""
        	i = round((pos[1] - ck_settings.bd_top) / ck_settings.bd_space)
        	j = round((pos[0] - ck_settings.bd_left) / ck_settings.bd_space)
        	return (i, j)
    
     
5.  新建文件gobang.py，主函数用来初始化程序，并同步更新程序的信息；
    
        import pygame
        from settings import Settings
        from checkerboard import Checkerboard
        from collections import namedtuple
        import game_functions as gf
        from infopanel import Infopanel
        
        def run_game():
        	"""运行游戏"""
        	# 初始化游戏屏幕
        	pygame.init()
        	# 创建时钟对象 (可以控制游戏循环频率)
        	clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        	# 配置实例化
        	ck_settings = Settings()	
        	screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ck_settings.width, ck_settings.height))
        	pygame.display.set_caption('五子棋游戏')
        	# namedtuple创建类似于元组的数据类型，除了可以用索引访问，能够迭代，还能用属性名访问数据
        	position = namedtuple('Position', ['x', 'y'])
        	# 创建实例
        	cb = Checkerboard(ck_settings, screen, position)
        	
        	# 实例化面板信息
        	infopanel = Infopanel(ck_settings, screen)
        
        	while ck_settings.game_active:
        		# 绘制棋盘
        		cb.draw_board()
        		# 绘制面板信息
        		infopanel.draw_info(ck_settings.prompt_info)
        		# 检查玩家事件并更新棋盘
        		gf.check_events(ck_settings, cb, position)
        		# 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
        		pygame.display.flip()
        
        		# 通过时钟对象指定循环频率
        		clock.tick(60) # 每秒循环60次
        
        run_game()
    
     
6.  在文件gobang.py目录路径下，执行命令“python gobang.py”弹出窗口，即可对其操作游玩。

### 结语 ###

该游戏只是实现了基础功能，还有很多可优化的功能：

1.根据实际情况加上更详细的面板信息（比如倒计时等）；

2.加上开始游戏按钮，可参考前面python实例；

3.胜负榜单等，可参考前面python实例。

[20200117102812249.gif]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200117102812249.gif