centos 7 安装 mysql（yum安装）

红太狼 2023-06-23 13:22 7阅读 0赞

> CentOS7 一般yum安装包中有自带的mariadb，不过想必大家更喜欢用mysql。  
> 记录一下我在centos7系统上安装mysql5.7的步骤。

### 1.卸载原系统中的mariadb…… ###

首先执行命令 `rpm -qa|grep mariadb `查看是否有mariadb的安装包，没有可以无视

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接下来，执行  `rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs `删除它。。。

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打开防火墙端口和关闭selinux

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
    setenforce 0

### 2. 下载mysql5.7安装包 ###

1.前往官方网站复制yum源链接[Mysql官网][Mysql]

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执行`wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm`（即你复制的下载链接）进行下载

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2.进行yum源安装

执行 `rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm `命令

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接下来可以通过`yum repolist all | grep mysql `查看yum源中的mysql安装包

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3.进行mysql安装

> 可以看到yum源中默认启用的安装包版本为MySQL8.0，如果需要切换为5.7，需要运行以下命令；

yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
    yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community

注意：`yum-config-manager`默认使用的是python2版本环境，如果用户使用这个命令时报错，可能是因为当前默认python版本为python3版本。需要在`/bin/yum-config-manager`文件中修改文件头`#!/usr/bin/python -tt`为`#!/usr/bin/python2 -tt`

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接下来可以开始进行安装步骤，执行命令

yum -y install mysql-community-server

进行安装，需要依赖安装时选择`y`就ok

修改配置文件

# For advice on how to change settings please see
    # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
    
    [mysqld]
    #
    # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
    # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
    # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
    #
    # Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
    # Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
    # default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
    # disable_log_bin
    #
    # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
    # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
    # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
    # join_buffer_size = 128M
    # sort_buffer_size = 2M
    # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    #
    # Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin,
    # this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see:
    # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin
    # default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
    
    [mysqld]
    # 设置3306端口
    port=3306
    # 设置mysql的安装目录
    basedir=/usr
    # 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    # 允许最大连接数
    max_connections=200
    # 允许连接失败的次数。
    max_connect_errors=10
    # 服务端使用的字符集默认为utf8mb4
    character-set-server=utf8mb4
    collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci
    # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
    default-storage-engine=INNODB
    # 默认使用“mysql_native_password”插件认证
    #mysql_native_password
    default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
    #导出限制
    secure-file-priv=""
    #事件开启
    event_scheduler=on
    
    #二进制
    log_bin=/var/log/mysql/binlog
    binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 4860000
    max_binlog_size = 100M
    binlog_format=statement
    
    #通用日志
    general_log=1
    general_log_file=/var/log/mysql/pc.log
    
    #慢查询日志
    slow_query_log = on
    slow_query_log_file=/var/log/mysql/slow.log
    long_query_time = 300
    log_queries_not_using_indexes = on
    
    lower_case_table_names = 1
    
    socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
    pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    
    #跳过外部锁定
    skip-external-locking
    
    #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
    #innodb_log_file_size = 32M
    #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    
    #key_buffer_size = 32M
    #max_allowed_packet = 1024M
    #sort_buffer_size = 8M
    #read_buffer_size = 768K
    #read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
    
     
    [mysql]
    # 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
    default-character-set=utf8mb4
     
    [client]
    # 设置mysql客户端连接服务端时默认使用的端口
    port=3306
    #default-character-set=utf8mb4

创建目录

mkdir -p /var/log/mysql

授权

chown mysql:mysql -R /var/log/mysql
    chmod 755 -R /var/log/mysql

4. 启动mysql服务

执行命令`systemctl start mysqld.service` 来启动mysql服务，`systemctl status mysqld.service` 可查看mysql服务运行状态

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MySQL服务器初始化（从MySQL 5.7开始）：在服务器初始启动时，如果服务器的数据目录为空，则会发生以下情况：

*  服务器已初始化。
 *  在数据目录中生成SSL证书和密钥文件。
 *  该[validate\_password插件][validate_password]安装并启用。
 *  将`'root'@'localhost'` 创建一个超级用户帐户。设置超级用户的密码并将其存储在错误日志文件中。要显示它，请使用以下命令：

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log

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通过使用生成的临时密码登录并为超级用户帐户设置自定义密码，尽快更改root密码：

mysql -u root -p

输入以上临时密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '您的密码';

如果临时密码登不进去，则

1.  修改配置文件my.cnf

在[mysqld]  下 加上 skip-grant-tables

2.重启mysql

service mysqld restart

3.直接登陆mysql不需要密码

mysql -uroot    (直接enter)

4.在mysql中输入

flush privileges

5.然后更改密码

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '新密码';

成功

最后设置开机启动

systemctl enable mysqld

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[Mysql]: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
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[validate_password]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/validate-password.html
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