QML QtQuick 2 TableView的使用：展示表格数据

秒速五厘米 2023-06-22 10:24 307阅读 0赞

（更新日期：2020-2-7）

# 1.写在前面 #

在Qt5.12中，QtQuick 2 添加了 TableView 组件，功能和 QtQuick Control 1 中的 TableView 类似，但是接口大不一样（QtQuick Control 1已经处于弃用状态，不建议使用）。

Qt Creator中有两个 QtQuick 2 TableView 的示例，但是都不是数据类型的，参考起来不大方便，我也是别人的 Demo 以及 Qt 文档学习了下（参考链接 [https://github.com/yuriyoung/qml-examples][https_github.com_yuriyoung_qml-examples]）。文本主要是用代码演示TableView的基本操作，即数据的展示和编辑。下面是效果图（样式随意写的，不同的颜色便于调试时区分）：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9nb25namlhbmJvMTk5Mi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

代码主要由两部分，一是自定义 TableView（包括 item 的 delegate ，滚动条、列宽拖动等），二是使用C++定义一个TableModel（数据通过 json 格式转换）。这里面比较有意思的就是 TableView 用 xxxWidthProvider 使用JS函数来做回调，用于设置行列宽高。

# 2.实现代码 #

话不多说，直接上代码：

（git链接：[https://github.com/gongjianbo/QmlModelView.git][https_github.com_gongjianbo_QmlModelView.git]）

（先是QML部分）

//TableWidget.qml
    import QtQuick 2.12
    import QtQuick.Controls 2.12
    import EasyModel 1.0
    
    //自定义QtQuick 2中的TableView
    Item {
        id: control
        implicitHeight: 300
        implicitWidth: 500
    
        //行表头-竖向的
        property int verHeaderHeight: 30
        property int verHeaderWidth: 30
        //列表头-横向的
        property int horHeaderHeight: 30
        //property int horHeaderWidth: 30
        //滚动条
        property color scrollBarColor: "cyan"
        property int scrollBarWidth: 6
        //列宽
        property variant columnWidthArr: [100,100,100,200]
    
        EasyTableModel{
            id: table_model
            horHeader: ["Id","Name","Age","Note"]
            initData: [
                {"id":1,"name":"gonge","age":20,"note":"test model view"},
                {"id":2,"name":"gonge","age":21,"note":"test model view"},
                {"id":3,"name":"gonge","age":22,"note":"test model view"},
                {"id":4,"name":"gonge","age":23,"note":"test model view"},
                {"id":5,"name":"gonge","age":24,"note":"test model view"},
                {"id":6,"name":"gonge","age":25,"note":"test model view"},
                {"id":7,"name":"gonge","age":26,"note":"test model view"},
                {"id":8,"name":"gonge","age":27,"note":"test model view"}
            ]
        }
    
        //表格内容（不包含表头）
        TableView{
            id: table_view
            anchors{
                fill: parent
                leftMargin: control.verHeaderWidth
                topMargin: control.horHeaderHeight
            }
    
            clip: true
            boundsBehavior: Flickable.StopAtBounds
            columnSpacing: 1
            rowSpacing: 1
            //视图的高度
            //contentHeight: rowHeightProvider(0) * rows + rowHeightProvider(rows-1)
            //视图的宽度
            //contentWidth:
            //content内容区域边距，但是不影响滚动条的位置
            //leftMargin:
            //topMargin:
            //此属性可以包含一个函数，该函数返回模型中每行的行高
            rowHeightProvider: function (row) {
                return control.verHeaderHeight;
            }
            //此属性可以保存一个函数，该函数返回模型中每个列的列宽
            columnWidthProvider: function (column) {
                return control.columnWidthArr[column];
                //return Math.max(1, (table_view.width - leftMargin) / table_view.columns)
            }
            ScrollBar.vertical: ScrollBar {
                id: scroll_vertical
                anchors.right: parent.right
                anchors.rightMargin: 2
                //active: table_view.ScrollBar.vertical.active
                //policy: ScrollBar.AsNeeded
                contentItem: Rectangle{
                    visible: (scroll_vertical.size<1.0)
                    implicitWidth: control.scrollBarWidth
                    color: control.scrollBarColor
                }
            }
    
            ScrollBar.horizontal: ScrollBar {
                id: scroll_horizontal
                anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
                anchors.bottomMargin: 2
                //active: table_view.ScrollBar.vertical.active
                //policy: ScrollBar.AsNeeded
                contentItem: Rectangle{
                    visible: (scroll_horizontal.size<1.0)
                    implicitHeight: control.scrollBarWidth
                    color: control.scrollBarColor
                }
            }
            //model是在C++中定义的，和QtC++是类似的
            model: table_model
            delegate: Rectangle{
                color: (model.row%2)?"orange":Qt.darker("orange")
                TextInput{
                    anchors.fill: parent
                    verticalAlignment: Text.AlignVCenter
                    horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter
                    //elide: Text.ElideRight
                    selectByMouse: true
                    selectedTextColor: "black"
                    selectionColor: "white"
    
                    //获取单元格对应的值
                    text: model.value
                    onEditingFinished: {
                        model.edit=text;
                        console.log("edit",model.value)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    
        //横项表头
        Item{
            id: header_horizontal
            anchors{
                left: parent.left
                right: parent.right
                leftMargin: control.verHeaderWidth
            }
            height: control.horHeaderHeight
            z: 2
            //暂存鼠标拖动的位置
            property int posXTemp: 0
            MouseArea{
                anchors.fill: parent
                onPressed: header_horizontal.posXTemp=mouseX;
                onPositionChanged: {
                    if(table_view.contentX+(header_horizontal.posXTemp-mouseX)>0){
                        table_view.contentX+=(header_horizontal.posXTemp-mouseX);
                    }else{
                        table_view.contentX=0;
                    }
                    header_horizontal.posXTemp=mouseX;
                }
            }
            Row {
                id: header_horizontal_row
                anchors.fill: parent
                leftPadding: -table_view.contentX
                clip: true
                spacing: 0
    
                Repeater {
                    model: table_view.columns > 0 ? table_view.columns : 0
    
                    Rectangle {
                        id: header_horizontal_item
                        width: table_view.columnWidthProvider(index)+table_view.columnSpacing
                        height: control.horHeaderHeight
                        color: "purple"
    
                        Text {
                            anchors.centerIn: parent
                            text: table_model.headerData(index, Qt.Horizontal)
                        }
                        Rectangle{
                            width: 1
                            height: parent.height
                            anchors.right: parent.right
                            color: "black"
                            opacity: 0.5
                        }
                        MouseArea{
                            width: 3
                            height: parent.height
                            anchors.right: parent.right
                            cursorShape: Qt.SplitHCursor
                            onPressed: header_horizontal.posXTemp=mouseX;
                            onPositionChanged: {
                                if((header_horizontal_item.width-(header_horizontal.posXTemp-mouseX))>10){
                                    header_horizontal_item.width-=(header_horizontal.posXTemp-mouseX);
                                }else{
                                    header_horizontal_item.width=10;
                                }
                                header_horizontal.posXTemp=mouseX;
                                control.columnWidthArr[index]=(header_horizontal_item.width-table_view.columnSpacing);
                                //刷新布局，这样宽度才会改变
                                table_view.forceLayout();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    
        //竖向表头
        Column {
            id: header_verical
            anchors{
                top: parent.top
                bottom: parent.bottom
                topMargin: control.horHeaderHeight
            }
            topPadding: -table_view.contentY
            z: 2
            clip: true
            spacing: 1
            Repeater {
                model: table_view.rows > 0 ? table_view.rows : 0
                Rectangle {
                    width: control.verHeaderWidth
                    height: table_view.rowHeightProvider(index)
                    color: "green"
                    Text {
                        anchors.centerIn: parent
                        text: table_model.headerData(index, Qt.Vertical)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    
    }

//main.qml
    import QtQuick 2.12
    import QtQuick.Window 2.12
    
    Window {
        visible: true
        width: 640
        height: 480
        title: qsTr("QQ群：647637553")
    
        Rectangle{
            anchors.fill: parent
            anchors.margins: 20
            color: "gray"
    
            TableWidget{
                anchors.fill: parent
            }
        }
    }

（接下来是C++定义的TableModel）

//EasyTableModel.h
    #ifndef EASYTABLEMODEL_H
    #define EASYTABLEMODEL_H
    
    #include <QAbstractTableModel>
    #include <QQmlParserStatus>
    #include <QHash>
    #include <QList>
    #include <QJsonArray>
    #include <QJsonObject>
    #include <QJsonValue>
    
    //tableview的简易model
    class EasyTableModel : public QAbstractTableModel, public QQmlParserStatus
    {
        Q_OBJECT
        Q_INTERFACES(QQmlParserStatus)
        Q_PROPERTY(QStringList horHeader READ getHorHeader WRITE setHorHeader NOTIFY horHeaderChanged)
        Q_PROPERTY(QJsonArray initData READ getInitData WRITE setInitData NOTIFY initDataChanged)
    
    public:
        explicit EasyTableModel(QObject *parent = nullptr);
    
        QStringList getHorHeader() const;
        void setHorHeader(const QStringList &header);
    
        QJsonArray getInitData() const;
        void setInitData(const QJsonArray &jsonArr);
    
        // QQmlParserStatus：构造前
        void classBegin() override;
        // QQmlParserStatus：构造后
        void componentComplete() override;
        // 自定义role
        QHash<int,QByteArray> roleNames() const override;
    
        // 表头
        QVariant headerData(int section, Qt::Orientation orientation, int role = Qt::DisplayRole) const override;
        bool setHeaderData(int section, Qt::Orientation orientation, const QVariant &value, int role = Qt::EditRole) override;
    
        // 数据，这三个必须实现
        int rowCount(const QModelIndex &parent = QModelIndex()) const override;
        int columnCount(const QModelIndex &parent = QModelIndex()) const override;
        QVariant data(const QModelIndex &index, int role = Qt::DisplayRole) const override;
    
        // 编辑
        bool setData(const QModelIndex &index, const QVariant &value,
                     int role = Qt::EditRole) override;
        Qt::ItemFlags flags(const QModelIndex& index) const override;
    
    
    private:
        void loadData(const QJsonArray &data);
    
    signals:
        void horHeaderChanged();
        void initDataChanged();
    
    private:
        // 组件是否初始化完成
        bool _completed=false;
        // 加载的数据
        QJsonArray _initData;
        // 数据，我一般纯展示，用vector就行了
        QVector<QVector<QVariant>> _modelData;
        // 横项表头
        QList<QString> _horHeaderList;
    };
    
    #endif // EASYTABLEMODEL_H

//EasyTableModel.cpp
    #include "EasyTableModel.h"
    
    #include <QDebug>
    
    EasyTableModel::EasyTableModel(QObject *parent)
        : QAbstractTableModel(parent)
    {
    }
    
    QStringList EasyTableModel::getHorHeader() const
    {
        return _horHeaderList;
    }
    
    void EasyTableModel::setHorHeader(const QStringList &header)
    {
        _horHeaderList=header;
        emit horHeaderChanged();
    }
    
    QJsonArray EasyTableModel::getInitData() const
    {
        return _initData;
    }
    
    void EasyTableModel::setInitData(const QJsonArray &jsonArr)
    {
        _initData=jsonArr;
        if(_completed){
            loadData(_initData);
        }
        emit initDataChanged();
    }
    
    void EasyTableModel::classBegin()
    {
        qDebug()<<"EasyTableModel::classBegin()";
    }
    
    void EasyTableModel::componentComplete()
    {
        qDebug()<<"EasyTableModel::componentComplete()";
        _completed=true;
        if(!_initData.isEmpty()){
            loadData(_initData);
        }
    }
    
    QHash<int, QByteArray> EasyTableModel::roleNames() const
    {
        //value表示取值，edit表示编辑
        return QHash<int,QByteArray>{
            { Qt::DisplayRole,"value" },
            { Qt::EditRole,"edit" }
        };
    }
    
    QVariant EasyTableModel::headerData(int section, Qt::Orientation orientation, int role) const
    {
        //返回表头数据，无效的返回None
        if(role==Qt::DisplayRole){
            if(orientation==Qt::Horizontal){
                return _horHeaderList.value(section,QString::number(section));
            }else if(orientation==Qt::Vertical){
                return QString::number(section);
            }
        }
        return QVariant();
    }
    
    bool EasyTableModel::setHeaderData(int section, Qt::Orientation orientation, const QVariant &value, int role)
    {
        if (value != headerData(section, orientation, role)) {
            if(orientation==Qt::Horizontal&&role==Qt::EditRole){
                _horHeaderList[section]=value.toString();
                emit headerDataChanged(orientation, section, section);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    
    int EasyTableModel::rowCount(const QModelIndex &parent) const
    {
        if (parent.isValid())
            return 0;
        return _modelData.count();
    }
    
    int EasyTableModel::columnCount(const QModelIndex &parent) const
    {
        if (parent.isValid())
            return 0;
        return _horHeaderList.count();
    }
    
    QVariant EasyTableModel::data(const QModelIndex &index, int role) const
    {
        if (!index.isValid())
            return QVariant();
        switch (role) {
        case Qt::DisplayRole:
        case Qt::EditRole:
            return _modelData.at(index.row()).at(index.column());
        default:
            break;
        }
        return QVariant();
    }
    
    bool EasyTableModel::setData(const QModelIndex &index, const QVariant &value, int role)
    {
        if (value.isValid()&&index.isValid()&&(data(index, role) != value)) {
            if(Qt::EditRole==role){
                _modelData[index.row()][index.column()]=value;
                emit dataChanged(index, index, QVector<int>() << role);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    Qt::ItemFlags EasyTableModel::flags(const QModelIndex &index) const
    {
        if (!index.isValid())
            return Qt::NoItemFlags;
        return Qt::ItemIsEnabled|Qt::ItemIsSelectable|Qt::ItemIsEditable;
    }
    
    void EasyTableModel::loadData(const QJsonArray &data)
    {
        //如果要区分类型的话，可以用role，
        //这样ui中就能使用model.role来获取对应index的参数
        QVector<QVector<QVariant>> newData;
        QJsonArray::const_iterator iter;
        for(iter=data.begin();iter!=data.end();++iter){
            QVector<QVariant> newRow;
            const QJsonObject itemRow=(*iter).toObject();
            newRow.append(itemRow.value("id"));
            newRow.append(itemRow.value("name"));
            newRow.append(itemRow.value("age"));
            newRow.append(itemRow.value("note"));
            newData.append(newRow);
        }
    
        emit beginResetModel();
        _modelData=newData;
        emit endResetModel();
    }

//main.cpp
    #include <QGuiApplication>
    #include <QQmlApplicationEngine>
    
    #include "EasyTableModel.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
        QCoreApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_EnableHighDpiScaling);
    
        QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
    
        QQmlApplicationEngine engine;
    
        qmlRegisterType<EasyTableModel>("EasyModel",1,0,"EasyTableModel");
    
        const QUrl url(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml"));
        QObject::connect(&engine, &QQmlApplicationEngine::objectCreated,
                         &app, [url](QObject *obj, const QUrl &objUrl) {
            if (!obj && url == objUrl)
                QCoreApplication::exit(-1);
        }, Qt::QueuedConnection);
        engine.load(url);
    
        return app.exec();
    }

[https_github.com_yuriyoung_qml-examples]: https://github.com/yuriyoung/qml-examples
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9nb25namlhbmJvMTk5Mi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191216001645674.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9nb25namlhbmJvMTk5Mi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[https_github.com_gongjianbo_QmlModelView.git]: https://github.com/gongjianbo/QmlModelView.git