Git入门与使用 (三) 使用GitHub进行代码托管的相关操作

朱雀 2023-06-19 05:24 110阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  一、前言
     *  二、使用GitHub进行代码托管的相关操作
     *   *  1、推送本地仓库内容至远程仓库
         *  2、克隆远程仓库内容至本地仓库
         *  3、邀请他人加入项目团队
         *  4、拉取远程仓库修改的内容
         *  5、解决协同开发时产生的冲突
         *  6、跨团队协作开发
         *  7、GitHub设置SSH Key，实现SSH免密登录
         *   *  7.1、什么是密钥
             *  7.2、设置SSH Key

--------------------

## 一、前言 ##

在[上一篇文章][Link 1]中已经对Git相关命令的介绍与使用进行了讲解，下面正式进入到使用GitHub进行代码托管的相关操作的讲解。

## 二、使用GitHub进行代码托管的相关操作 ##

### 1、推送本地仓库内容至远程仓库 ###

**1.1、登录[GitHub][]，点击右上角的"+"，选择`New repository`，创建一个新的仓库**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

**1.2、进入到新建仓库页面，填写仓库的相关信息，点击`Create repository`按钮，创建远程仓库**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

**1.3、创建好远程仓库之后，会进入到GitHub的操作提示页面，同时页面也会给出远程库的地址(有Https和SSH两种类型的地址)**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

**1.4、在我们本地创建一个名为`git-test`的文件夹，并初始化使其成为`Git`本地仓库 (注意：本地仓库名称可以与远程仓库名称不一致，这里只是为了好区分，所以才命名一致)**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

**1.5、新建一个`data.txt`文件，并在文件中添加一些内容，然后提交至本地仓库**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

**1.6、在本地创建远程仓库地址的别名，由于远程仓库的地址太长，写起来太麻烦，所以我们可以为远程仓库地址设置一个别名，之后就可以直接使用别名来替代远程仓库地址**

//查看地址映射
    git remote -v
    
    //添加地址别名映射
    git remote add 别名 远程仓库地址

**1.6.1、点击复制按钮，复制远程仓库地址**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

**1.6.2、添加远程仓库地址别名映射**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]  
可以看到有两个相同的远程仓库地址别名映射，只是括号后面的内容不一致

*  `origin https://github.com/lemon-wubin/git-test.git (fetch)`：表示用来拉取远程仓库的内容到本地仓库时使用的地址
 *  `origin https://github.com/lemon-wubin/git-test.git (push)`：表示用来推送本地仓库内容到远程仓库时使用的地址

**1.7、推送本地仓库内容至远程仓库**

git push 远程仓库地址别名 本地仓库分支名

**1.7.1、执行推送命令后，需要输入GitHub的用户名和密码进行验证，才能推送至远程仓库**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

**1.7.2、推送成功，并查看GitHub远程仓库**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

### 2、克隆远程仓库内容至本地仓库 ###

**2.1、在我们本地另外创建一个名为`git-clone`的文件夹，并进入到`git-clone`文件夹下**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

**2.2、复制远程仓库地址**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

**2.3、克隆远程仓库内容至本地**

git clone 远程仓库地址

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]  
可以看到，我们把远程仓库中的内容克隆到了我们本地，同时克隆操作也帮我们`初始化了本地仓库` 和 `添加了远程仓库地址别名映射`

### 3、邀请他人加入项目团队 ###

**3.1、我们修改本地`git-clone/git-test`仓库下的`data.txt`文件，在`data.txt`文件中添加一行新的内容，并提交到本地仓库**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

**3.2、我们使用另外一个名为`lemon-jack`的`GitHub`账号进行远程提交**

**由于在演示推送本地仓库内容至远程仓库时，我们使用了名为`lemon-wubin`的`GitHub`账号登录并成功推送至远程仓库，这时`Windows10操作系统`会自动帮我们记住`GitHub`的用户名和密码，下次再推送时就会自动登录，而不需要我们再次输入`GitHub`的用户名和密码，为了演示用另外一个名为`lemon-jack`的`GitHub`账号进行远程提交操作，我们需要删除`Windows10操作系统`中`凭据管理器`中的`GitHub`的账号信息，重新使用其他`的GitHub`账号来进行登录**

**3.2.1、鼠标右键`此电脑`或者`我的电脑`，选择`属性(R)`进入到`Windows10`系统页面，并点击左上角的`控制面板主页`，进入到控制面板页面**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

**3.2.2、进入到控制面板页面之后，点击右上角的类别选项，将`类别`切换成`小图标`**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

**3.2.3、以小图标的方式进行查看之后，找到`凭据管理器`并点击，进入到凭据管理器页面**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]

**3.2.4、选择`Windows 凭据`，找到`GitHub`账号信息凭据，并点击删除即可**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]

**3.2.5、使用另外一个名为`lemon-jack`的`GitHub`账号进行远程提交**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20][]

**3.2.6、提示名为`lemon-jack`的`GitHub`账号，不能访问我们的远程仓库地址**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21][]

**这是因为其他人在未被加入到项目团队之前，是无法推送本地仓库内容至远程仓库，因为远程仓库是仓库拥有者创建的，所以其他人没有相关的权限，但仓库拥有者可以邀请其他人加入到项目团队，这样其他人就拥有了推送操作的权限。接下来我们来操作如何邀请他人加入项目团队。**

**3.3、在我们的`git-test`远程仓库页面中，点击`Settings`选项**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22][]

**3.4、点击`Collaborators`选项，输入被邀请人的GitHub账号的用户名，最后点击`Add collaborator`按钮**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23][]

**3.5、点击`Copy invite link`按钮，复制邀请链接，然后发送给被邀请人 (其实在我们上一步点击`Add collaborator`按钮时，`GitHub`会自动把邀请链接已邮箱的形式发送给被邀请人)**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24][]

**3.6、被邀请人登录到自己的`GitHub`账号后，访问邀请人 (即：远程仓库拥有者) 发送过来的邀请链接，然后点击`Accept invitation`按钮，接收邀请即可**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25][]

**3.7、我们再次使用名为`lemon-jack`的`GitHub`账号，进行推送操作，推送成功**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 26][]  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 27][]

### 4、拉取远程仓库修改的内容 ###

//pull(拉取)操作其实是fetch(抓取)和merge(合并)两个操作的合并，先fetch再merge
    git pull 远程仓库地址别名 远程仓库分支名
    
    等价于
    
    git fetch 远程仓库别名 远程仓库分支名
    git merge 远程仓库别名/远程仓库分支名 (需要先切换到被合并的分支)

**4.1、上一步我们已经把修改的内容推送到了远程仓库，接下来我们来拉取远程仓库修改的内容，此时我们所在位置是`git-clone/git-test`仓库下，我们先进入到另外一个`git-test`仓库下**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 28][]

**4.2、拉取远程仓库修改的内容**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 29][]

### 5、解决协同开发时产生的冲突 ###

**接下来我们就来模拟在协同开发时，如何解决产生的冲突**

**5.1、当前我们处于`git-test`仓库下，我们修改仓库下的`data.txt文件`，并提交到本地仓库**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 30][]

**5.2、使用名为`lemon-wubin`的`GitHub`账号，进行推送操作 (记得删除`凭据管理器`中的`GitHub`的账号信息)，推送成功**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 31][]  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 32][]

**5.3、此时我们所在位置是`git-test`仓库下，我们先进入到`git-clone/git-test`仓库下，修改仓库下的`data.txt文件`，并提交到本地仓库**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 33][]

**5.3、使用名为`lemon-jack`的`GitHub`账号，进行推送操作 (记得删除`凭据管理器`中的`GitHub`的账号信息)**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 34][]  
可以看到一条提示信息`error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/lemon-wubin/git-test.git'`，我们推送至远程仓库失败了，这是因为在`lemon-jack`用户之前，`lemon-wubin`用户已经把他的修改提交到了远程仓库中，而`lemon-jack`用户所进行的一系类操作，并不是基于`GitHub`远程仓库的最新版本所做修改的，所以`GitHub`禁止我们推送，所以我们需要先拉取远程仓库最新版本的内容到本地，然后再做相应的修改，最后推送至远程仓库。

**5.4、拉取远程仓库最新版本的内容到本地**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 35][]  
从上图可以看到一条提示信息`Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.`，系统告诉我们拉取远程仓库最新版本的内容失败了，原因是`lemon-jack`用户与`lemon-wubin`用户对`data.txt`文件的同一处地方都做了修改，Git拿不定主意。

**5.4、手动解决冲突，使用`Vim`编辑器打开产生冲突的`data.txt`文件，显示的内容如下所示：**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 36]  
`<<<<<<< HEAD`与`=======`之间的内容是我们当前本地仓库的内容，而`=======`与`>>>>>>> 60978c99fdfbd50efe0de22f351ea1c01c71c519`之间的内容是远程仓库的内容，我们将`data.txt`文件的内容修改成我们想要的内容，同时删除`<<<<<<< HEAD`、`=======`和 `>>>>>>> 60978c99fdfbd50efe0de22f351ea1c01c71c519`，修改完成之后的内容为：  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 37][]

**5.5、重新将`data.txt`文件提交到暂存区，然后提交到本地仓库中**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 38][]  
这样，冲突就被我们给解决了，不过需要注意的是，以往我们在进行提交操作时，都习惯在提交命令后带上文件名，即：`git commit -m "提交信息" filename`，但是在进行冲突的提交时，是不能够带上文件名的，即：`git commit -m "提交信息"`，不然会提示：`fatal：cannot do a partial commit during a merge.`的错误信息，这点需要特别注意。

**5.5、最后再次使用名为`lemon-jack`的`GitHub`账号，进行推送操作 (记得删除`凭据管理器`中的`GitHub`的账号信息)，推送成功**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 39][]  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 40][]

### 6、跨团队协作开发 ###

**在实际的开发项目中，有些项目功能公司团队内部人员无法实现，但是公司外的团队成员能够实现这一功能，这时我们就需要跨团队协作开发，接下来我们就来模拟跨团队协作开发**

**6.1、复制远程项目地址，发送给公司外名为`lemon-john`的团队成员**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

**6.2、`lemon-john`成员登录到`GitHub`，并访问该远程项目地址，然后点击`Fork`按钮(是以`lemon-john`成员的身份点击`Fork`按钮)，拷贝一份到自己的`GitHub`远程仓库下**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 41][]

**6.3、进入到`Forking`中，可以看到此时的仓库拥有者为`lemon-john`，同时指出了fork 来源自`lemon-wubin/git-test`**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 42][]

**6.4、复制`lemon-john`成员`fork`下来的远程仓库地址**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 43][]

**6.5、在本地新建一个`git-team`的文件夹，并克隆`lemon-john`成员`fork`下来的远程仓库内容到`git-team`文件夹下**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 44][]

**6.6、进入到`git-team/git-test`目录下，修改`data.txt`文件，并提交到本地仓库**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 45][]

**6.7、使用名为`lemon-john`的`GitHub`账号，推送到`lemon-john`用户的`GitHub`远程仓库中**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 46][]  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 47][]

**6.8、点击`Pull requests`选项，然后再点击`New pull request`按钮，发起`Pull requests`请求**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 48][]

**6.9、点击`Create pull request`按钮，同时可以看到红色方框中，文件内容的改动情况**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 49][]

**6.10、发起`Pull requests`请求通知，输入请求通知的标题和正文内容，最后点击`Create pull request`按钮**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 50][]  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 51][]

**6.11、使用名为`lemon-wubin`的公司团队内部人员登录到`GitHub`，点击`Pull requests`选项，查看`lemon-john`成员发起的`Pull requests`请求通知**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 52][]

**6.12、同时`lemon-wubin`成员也可以回复`lemon-john`成员发送过来的`Pull requests`请求通知消息**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 53][]  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 54][]

**6.14、审核`lemon-john`成员提交和修改的内容**

**点击`Commits`选项，查看提交了哪些内容**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 55][]

**点击`Files changed`选项，查看具体修改的内容**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 56][]

**6.15、审核通过之后，点击`Conversation`选项，然后点击`Merge pull request`按钮，进行合并操作**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 57][]

**6.16、添加合并操作日志，点击`Confirm merge`按钮进行合并**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 58][]  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 59][]

**6.17、此时我们所在位置是`git-team/git-test`仓库下，我们进入到`git-test`仓库下，拉取远程仓库合并后的最新内容**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 60][]

### 7、GitHub设置SSH Key，实现SSH免密登录 ###

**在使用远程仓库的`HTTPS`地址进行推送操作时，由于`Windows10系统`的`凭据管理器`会自动帮我们记录`GitHub`的账号信息，所以每次在进行远程推送操作时，我们不需要输入`GitHub`账号的用户名和密码 (首次推送时，我们需要输入`GitHub`账号的用户名和密码)，但是其他系统有可能没有`凭据管理器`，所以每次我们使用远程仓库的`HTTPS`地址进行推送操作时，都需要输入`GitHub`账号的用户名和密码，但是我们可以为远程仓库的`SSH`地址设置`SSH Key`，实现免密登录，接下来我们就来为GitHub设置SSH Key，实现SSH免密登录**

#### 7.1、什么是密钥 ####

**    密钥是一种参数，它是在明文转换为密文或将密文转换为明文的算法中输入的参数。密钥又分为对称密钥与非对称密钥，对称密钥加密又称私钥加密或会话密钥加密算法，非对称密钥加密系统又称公钥密钥加密。**

#### 7.2、设置SSH Key ####

**7.2.1、首先进入到用户的家目录 (即：~) 下，并删除`.ssh/`目录**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 61][]

**7.2.2、使用如下命令生成`SSH Key`，在生成`SSH Key`的过程中，需要我们确认相关信息，直接一路按下回车键即可**

ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "GitHub邮箱地址"

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 62][]

**7.2.3、进入到`.ssh/`目录下，查看生成的`id_rsa.pub`文件 (公钥) 和 `id_rsa`文件 (私钥)**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 63][]

**7.2.3、查看生成的`id_rsa.pub`文件 (公钥)内容，并复制`id_rsa.pub`文件中的内容，`注意`：复制`id_rsa.pub`文件中的内容时，内容开头或者末尾不要包含多余的空格**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 64][]

**7.2.4、登录到`GitHub`上，点击右上角的头像，并点击`Settings`选项，进入到设置页面**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 65][]

**7.2.5、进入到设置页面之后，点击`SSH and GPG keys`选项，然后点击`New SSH key`按钮，添加`SSH key`**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 66][]

**7.2.6、填写标题，并把之前复制`id_rsa.pub`文件中的内容粘贴到`Key文本框`中，然后点击`Add SSH key`按钮**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 67][]

**7.2.7、输入`GitHub`账号的密码，并点击`Confirm password`按钮**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 68][]

**7.2.8、添加`SSH key`成功**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 69][]

**7.2.9、测试`SSH key`是否配置成功，我们在`Git`终端输入`ssh -T git@github.com`命令，这时它会问我们是否确定要继续连接吗，这是我们输入`yes`，表示确定继续连接**  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 70][]  
当看到有`Hi lemon-wubin! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.`的提示信息时，则表示`GitHub`设置`SSH Key`成功。如果配置失败，请使用`ssh -vT git@github.com`命令查看具体出错信息，然后排查问题。

**Git入门与使用系列文章列表：**

> [Git入门与使用 (一) Git介绍与安装][Git_ _ Git]  
> [Git入门与使用 (二) Git相关命令的介绍与使用][Link 1]  
> [Git入门与使用 (三) 使用GitHub进行代码托管的相关操作][Git_ _ _GitHub]  
> [Git入门与使用 (四) IDEA集成Git，并通过图形化界面进行Git相关操作][Git_ _ IDEA_Git_Git]  
> [Git入门与使用 (五) GitLab介绍与安装][Git_ _ GitLab]

[Link 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39135287/article/details/103352107
[GitHub]: https://github.com/login
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[Git_ _ Git]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39135287/article/details/102871813
[Git_ _ _GitHub]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39135287/article/details/103389650
[Git_ _ IDEA_Git_Git]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39135287/article/details/103746369
[Git_ _ GitLab]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39135287/article/details/103837543