RabbitMQ消息中间件使用

古城微笑少年丶 2023-06-19 04:18 24阅读 0赞

[GitHub源码][GitHub]

#### 一、介绍 ####

RabbitMQ是实现了高级消息队列协议（AMQP）的开源消息代理软件（亦称面向消息的中间件），RabbitMQ服务器是用Erlang语言编写的。 [RabitMQ官方网站][RabitMQ]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDgyNjM0OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

1.点对点模式（简单）

2.工作模式 （能者多劳）

3.发布订阅

4.路由模式

5.topic模式（通配符）

6.RPC模式

7.发布者确定模式

#### 二、安装 ####

> 1.下载并安装erlang,下载地址：http://www.erlang.org/download
> 
> 2.配置erlang环境变量信息
> 
> 新增环境变量ERLANG\_HOME=erlang的安装地址
> 
> 将%ERLANG\_HOME%\\bin加入到path中
> 
> 3.下载并安装RabbitMQ，下载地址：http://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html
> 
> 注意: RabbitMQ 它依赖于Erlang,需要先安装Erlang。

#### 三、管理平台 ####

> 管理平台地址 http://127.0.0.1:15672
> 
> 默认账号:guest/guest
> 
> Virtual Hosts：虚拟消息服务器，exchange、queue、message不能互通。像mysql有数据库的概念并且可以指定用户对库和表等操作的权限。
> 
> 默认的端口15672：rabbitmq管理平台端口号
> 
> 默认的端口5672： rabbitmq消息中间内部通讯的端口
> 
> 默认的端口号25672 rabbitmq集群的端口号

#### 四、快速入门 ####

##### 1.一对一（简单队列） #####

maven依赖：

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
            <version>3.6.5</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

连接工具类：

import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
    
    /** * @author: create by wangmh * @name: RabitMQConnection.java * @description: 获取连接 * @date:2019/12/4 **/
    public class RabitMQConnection { 
    
        public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException, TimeoutException { 
            //1.创建连接
            ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
            //2.设置连接地址
            factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
            //3.设置端口
            factory.setPort(5672);
            //4.设置账号密码
            factory.setUsername("karma");
            factory.setPassword("karma");
            //5.设置VirtualHost
            factory.setVirtualHost("/wmh");
            return factory.newConnection();
        }
    }

生产者：

package com.simple;
    
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
    import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
    
    /** * @author: create by wangmh * @name: Producer.java * @description: 生产者 * @date:2019/12/4 **/
    public class Producer { 
        private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "karma";
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 
            //1.创建连接
            Connection connection = RabitMQConnection.getConnection();
            //2.设置通道
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            //3.设置消息
            String msg = "RabbitMq 简单队列测试消息！！！";
            System.out.println("msg:" + msg);
            channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());
            channel.close();
            connection.close();
        }
    }

消费者：

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
    
    /** * @author: create by wangmh * @name: Consumer.java * @description: 消费者 * @date:2019/12/4 **/
    public class Consumer { 
        private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "karma";
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 
            //1.创建连接
            Connection connection = RabitMQConnection.getConnection();
            //2.设置通道
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { 
                @Override
                public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { 
                    String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("msg:" + msg);
                }
            };
            //3.监听队列 true为自动获取
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, defaultConsumer);
        }
    }

***RabbitMQ如何保证消息不丢失***

> 1.使用消息确定机制+持久化机制
> 
> a.消息确定收到消息机制
> 
>     channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, defaultConsumer);
> 
> 注：第二个参数值为false代表关闭RabbitMQ的自动应答机制，改为手动应答。
> 
> 在处理完消息时，返回应答状态，true表示为自动应答模式。
> 
>     channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
> 
> b.生产者确认投递消息成功 使用Confirm机制
> 
>     //3.开启消息确定机制
>     channel.confirmSelect();
>     //4.设置消息
>     String msg = "RabbitMq 简单队列测试消息！！！";
>     System.out.println("msg:" + msg);
>     channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());
>     if (channel.waitForConfirms()){ 
>     	System.out.println("消息发送成功！");
>     }else{ 
>     	System.out.println("消息发送失败！");
>     }
> 
> 2.RabbitMQ默认创建是持久化的  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDgyNjM0OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]
> 
> Durability是否持久化：durable为持久化、 Transient 不持久化
> 
> autoDelete 是否自动删除：当最后一个消费者断开连接之后队列是否自动被删除，可以通过RabbitMQ Management，查看某个队列的消费者数量，当consumers = 0时队列就会自动删除

###### 1.1 生成者确认消息投递到MQ ######

public class Producer { 
        private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "karma";
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException { 
            //1.创建连接
            Connection connection = RabitMQConnection.getConnection();
            //2.设置通道
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            //3.开启消息确定机制
            channel.confirmSelect();
            //4.设置消息
            String msg = "RabbitMq 简单队列测试消息！！！";
            System.out.println("msg:" + msg);
            channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());
            if (channel.waitForConfirms()){ 
                System.out.println("消息发送成功！");
            }else{ 
                System.out.println("消息发送失败！");
            }
            channel.close();
            connection.close();
        }
    }

###### 1.2 消费者确定消息消费成功 ######

public class Consumer { 
        private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "karma";
        private static int serviceTimeOut = 1000;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 
            //1.创建连接
            Connection connection = RabitMQConnection.getConnection();
            //2.设置通道
            final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { 
                @Override
                public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { 
                    String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("消费消息msg:" + msg);
                    //手动ack应答模式
                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
                    try { 
                        Thread.sleep(serviceTimeOut);
                    } catch (Exception e) { 
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            };
            //3.监听队列 true为自动获取 f
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, defaultConsumer);
        }
    }

##### 2.工作队列 #####

> 默认的传统队列是为均摊消费的，存在不公平性；如果每个消费者消费的速度不一样的话，均摊消费是不公平的，应该为能者多劳。
> 
> 只需在通道中设置basicQos为1即可，表示MQ服务器每次会给消费者推送一条消息，必须手动ack确定之后才回继续发送。
> 
> channel.basicQos(1);

##### 3.发布订阅 #####

> 生产者发送一条消息，经过交换机转发到多个不同的队列，多个不同的队列就多个不同的消费者。  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][20191206145207609.jpg]

生产者：

public class ProducerFanout { 
        /** * 定义交换机的名称 */
        private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "fanout_exchange";
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 
            Connection connection = RabitMQConnection.getConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            //通道关联交换机
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout", true);
            String msg = "发布订阅测试消息！！！！！！！";
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, msg.getBytes());
            channel.close();
            connection.close();
        }
    }

短信消费者：

public class SmsConsumer { 
        /** * 定义短信队列 */
        private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "consumerFanout_sms";
        /** * 定义交换机的名称 */
        private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "fanout_exchange";
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 
            System.out.println("短信消费者...");
            //1.创建连接
            Connection connection = RabitMQConnection.getConnection();
            //2.设置通道
            final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
            DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { 
                @Override
                public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { 
                    String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("短信消费消息msg:" + msg);
                }
            };
            //3.监听队列 true为自动获取 false手动应答
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, defaultConsumer);
        }
    }

邮件消费者：

public class MailConsumer { 
        /** * 定义短信队列 */
        private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "consumerFanout_email";
        /** * 定义交换机的名称 */
        private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "fanout_exchange";
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 
            System.out.println("邮件消费者...");
            //1.创建连接
            Connection connection = RabitMQConnection.getConnection();
            //2.设置通道
            final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
            DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { 
                @Override
                public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { 
                    String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("邮件消费消息msg:" + msg);
                }
            };
            //3.监听队列 true为自动获取 false手动应答
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, defaultConsumer);
        }
    }

***RabbitMQ交换机类型***

Direct exchange（直连交换机）

Fanout exchange（扇型交换机）

Topic exchange（主题交换机）

Headers exchange（头交换机）

##### 4.Direct路由模式 #####

> 当交换机类型为Direct类型时，根据队列绑定的路由键将消息转发到具体的队列。
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][20191215162258810.png]

生产者：

public class ProducerDirect { 
        /** * 定义交换机的名称 */
        private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_exchange";
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 
            System.out.println("生产者启动成功..");
            Connection connection = RabitMQConnection.getConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            //通道关联交换机
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct", true);
            String msg = "生产者发送消息内容" + System.currentTimeMillis();
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "sms", null, msg.getBytes());
            channel.close();
            connection.close();
        }
    
    }

邮件消费者：

public class EmailConsumer { 
        /*** * 定义邮件队列 */
        private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "direct_email";
        /** * 定义交换机的名称 */
        private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_exchange";
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 
            System.out.println("邮件消费者...");
            // 创建我们的连接
            Connection connection = RabitMQConnection.getConnection();
            // 创建我们通道
            final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            // 关联队列消费者关联队列
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "email"); //参数3为队列所绑定的路由键
            DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { 
                @Override
                public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { 
                    String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("邮件消费者获取消息:" + msg);
                }
            };
            // 开始监听消息 自动签收
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, defaultConsumer);
    
        }
    }

短信消费者：

public class SmsConsumer { 
        /** * 定义短信队列 */
        private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "direct_sms";
        /** * 定义交换机的名称 */
        private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_exchange";
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 
            System.out.println("短信消费者...");
            // 创建我们的连接
            Connection connection = RabitMQConnection.getConnection();
            // 创建我们通道
            final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            // 关联队列消费者关联队列
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "sms");
            DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { 
                @Override
                public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { 
                    String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("短信消费者获取消息:" + msg);
                }
            };
            // 开始监听消息 自动签收
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, defaultConsumer);
    
        }
    }

##### 5.Topic主题模式 #####

> 当交换机类型为topic类型时，根据队列绑定的路由键模糊转发到具体的队列中存放
> 
> \#表示支持匹配多个词
> 
> \*表示只能匹配一个词
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][20191215165731280.png]

生产者：

public class ProducerTopic { 
        private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange";
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 
            System.out.println("生产者启动成功..");
            Connection connection = RabitMQConnection.getConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            //通道关联交换机
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic", true);
            String msg = "生产者发送消息内容" + System.currentTimeMillis();
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "wmh.email", null, msg.getBytes());//参数2为路由键
            channel.close();
            connection.close();
        }
    }

消费者：

public class EmailConsumer { 
        private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "topic_email";
        private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange";
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { 
            System.out.println("邮件消费者...");
            Connection connection = RabitMQConnection.getConnection();
            final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            // 关联队列消费者关联队列
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "wmh.*");//参数3为队列所绑定的路由键
            DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { 
                @Override
                public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { 
                    String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("邮件消费者获取消息:" + msg);
                }
            };
            // 开始监听消息 自动签收
            channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, defaultConsumer);
        }
    }

#### 五、SpringBoot整合 ####

Maven依赖

<parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <dependencies>
    
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.49</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

application.yml

spring:
      rabbitmq:
        ####连接地址
        host: 192.168.75.130
        ####端口号
        port: 5672
        ####账号
        username: admin
        ####密码
        password: admin
        ### 地址
        virtual-host: /wmh

配置类：

public class RabbitMQConfig { 
        /** * 定义交换机 */
        private String EXCHANGE_SPRINGBOOT_NAME = "springboot_exchange";
    
    
        /** * 短信队列 */
        private String FANOUT_SMS_QUEUE = "fanout_sms_queue";
    
        /** * 邮件队列 */
        private String FANOUT_EMAIL_QUEUE = "fanout_email_queue";
    
        /*** * 创建短信队列 * @return */
        @Bean
        public Queue smsQueue() { 
            return new Queue(FANOUT_SMS_QUEUE);
        }
    
        /*** * 创建邮件队列 * @return */
        @Bean
        public Queue emailQueue(){ 
            return new Queue(FANOUT_EMAIL_QUEUE);
        }
    
    
        /*** * 创建交换机 * @return */
        @Bean
        public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){ 
            return new FanoutExchange(EXCHANGE_SPRINGBOOT_NAME);
        }
    
        /*** * 定义短信队列绑定交换机 * @param smsQueue * @param fanoutExchange * @return */
        @Bean
        public Binding smsBindingExchange(Queue smsQueue,FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){ 
            return BindingBuilder.bind(smsQueue).to(fanoutExchange);
        }
    
        /*** * 定义邮件队列绑定交换机 * @param emailQueue * @param fanoutExchange * @return */
        @Bean
        public Binding emailBindingExchange(Queue emailQueue,FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){ 
            return BindingBuilder.bind(emailQueue).to(fanoutExchange);
        }
    }

Controller层：（消费生产）

@RestController
    public class FanoutProducerController { 
        @Autowired
        private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
    
        /*** * 向rabbitmq中发送消息（发布订阅模式） * @param msg * @return */
        @RequestMapping("/sendMsg")
        public String sendMsg(String msg) { 
            //参数1 交换机名称 、参数2路由key 参数3 消息
            amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("springboot_exchange", "", msg);
            return "success";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("/sendMsg2")
        public String sendMsg(Integer msg) { 
            amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("springboot_exchange", "", msg);
            return "success";
        }
    
    
        /*** * 手动消费短信消息 * @return */
        @RequestMapping("/receiveMsg2")
        public String receiveMsg() { 
            String fanout_sms_queue = amqpTemplate.receiveAndConvert("fanout_sms_queue").toString();
            return "接收到消息："+fanout_sms_queue;
        }
    }

消息监听，有消息时则会进行接收并处理

@Component
    @RabbitListener(queues = { "fanout_email_queue"})//队列中有消息时则会进行接收并处理
    public class FanoutEmailConsumer { 
    
        //@RabbitListener 标注在类上面表示当有收到消息的时候，
        // 就交给 @RabbitHandler 的方法处理，具体使用哪个方法处理，
        // 根据 MessageConverter 转换后的参数类型
        @RabbitHandler
        public void process(String msg) { 
            System.out.println("邮件消费者消息String类型msg:" + msg);
        }
    
        @RabbitHandler
        public void process2(Integer msg) { 
            System.out.println("邮件消费者消息Integer类型msg:" + msg);
        }
    }

[GitHub]: https://github.com/karma521/Java_Learning/tree/master/08%20rabbitmq
[RabitMQ]: https://www.rabbitmq.com/
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDgyNjM0OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191206141638965.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDgyNjM0OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20191206145207609.jpg]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191206145207609.jpg
[20191215162258810.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191215162258810.png
[20191215165731280.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191215165731280.png