程序员必须掌握哪些算法？

╰半橙微兮° 2023-06-17 08:55 35阅读 0赞

为了让你对数据结构和算法能有个全面的认识，我画了一张图，里面几乎涵盖了所有数据结构和算法书籍中都会讲到的知识点。

![v2-a014287de91757eb47bd0c2dfca38897\_b.jpg][v2-a014287de91757eb47bd0c2dfca38897_b.jpg]

这里面有10个数据结构：数组、链表、栈、队列、散列表、二叉树、堆、跳表、图、Trie 树；10个算法：递归、排序、二分查找、搜索、哈希算法、贪心算法、分治算法、回溯算法、动态规划、字符串匹配算法。

掌握了这些基础的数据结构和算法，再学更加复杂的数据结构和算法，就会非常容易、非常快。

### **1、复杂度分析** ###

[看动画轻松理解时间复杂度（一）][Link 1]

[看动画轻松理解时间复杂度（二）][Link 2]

[冰与火之歌：「时间」与「空间」复杂度][Link 3]

[每个程序员都应该收藏的算法复杂度速查表][Link 4]

### **2、基本算法思想** ###

[五分钟了解一下什么是「贪心算法 」][Link 5]

[有了四步解题法模板，再也不害怕动态规划！][Link 6]

[（进阶版）有了四步解题法模板，再也不害怕动态规划！][Link 7]

[（再进阶版）有了四步解题法模板，再也不害怕动态规划！][Link 8]

[浅谈什么是分治算法][Link 9]

[看动画轻松理解「递归」与「动态规划」][Link 10]

[浅谈什么是动态规划以及相关的「股票」算法题][Link 11]

[深度解析「正则表达式匹配」：从暴力解法到动态规划][Link 12]

### **3、排序算法** ###

[「多图警告」手撕排序算法 - iOS进阶必备][- iOS]

[十大经典排序算法动画与解析，看我就够了！（配代码完全版）][Link 13]

[这或许是东半球分析十大排序算法最好的一篇文章][Link 14]

### **4、搜索** ###

[几道和「广度优先搜索」有关的算法面试题][Link 15]

[初识广度优先搜索与解题套路][Link 16]

[从简单二叉树问题重新来看深度优先搜索][Link 17]

### **5、查找** ###

[二分查找算法详解][Link 18]

[一网打尽！二分查找解题模版与题型全面解析][Link 19]

[面试官，我会写二分查找法！对，没有 bug 的那种！][bug]

### **6、字符串匹配** ###

[动画：BM 算法中的坏字符规则与好后缀规则][BM]

[动画：七分钟理解什么是KMP算法][KMP]

[动画：什么是 BF 算法 ？][BF _]

[动态规划之 KMP 算法详解（配代码版）][KMP 1]

### **7、线性表** ###

[如何高效对有序数组/链表去重？][Link 20]

[超详细！详解一道高频算法题：数组中的第 K 个最大元素][K]

[一道简单的数组遍历题，加上四个条件后感觉无从下手][Link 21]

[数组特性的妙用！如何找到「缺失的第一个正数」][Link 22]

[剑指 offer 第一题：二维数组中的查找][offer]

[动画：什么是单调栈？][Link 23]

[在数据结构中穿针引线：链表实现栈和队列][Link 24]

[从简单的线性数据结构开始：栈与队列][Link 25]

[五分钟学算法小知识：用栈实现队列/用队列实现栈][Link 26]

[几道和「堆栈、队列」有关的面试算法题][Link 27]

[超详细！图解「合并 K 个排序链表」][K 1]

[动画：面试如何轻松手写链表？][Link 28]

[LeetCode 上最难的链表算法题，没有之一！][LeetCode]

[链表算法面试问题？看我就够了！][Link 29]

[看动画轻松理解「链表」实现「LRU缓存淘汰算法」][LRU]

[从简单的线性数据结构开始：穿针引线的链表（一）][Link 30]

[在数据结构中穿针引线：链表实现栈和队列][Link 24]

### **8、散列表** ###

[五分钟速读：什么是散列表（哈希表）？][Link 31]

[什么是哈希洪水攻击（Hash-Flooding Attack）？][Hash-Flooding Attack]

[几道和散列（哈希）表有关的面试题][Link 32]

[如何判断一个元素在亿级数据中是否存在？][Link 33]

### **9、树** ###

[面试前准备：二叉树高频面试题和答案][Link 34]

[懵逼树上懵逼果：学习二分搜索树][Link 35]

[LeetCode 二叉树问题小总结][LeetCode 1]

[从简单二叉树问题重新来看深度优先搜索][Link 17]

[几道和「二叉树」有关的算法面试题][Link 36]

[详解什么是平衡二叉树（AVL）（修订补充版）][AVL]

[【面试现场】为什么 MySQL 数据库要用B+树存储索引？][MySQL _B]

[字典树概念与题型解析][Link 37]

[面试官：为什么 MySQL 的索引要使用 B+ 树，而不是其它树？比如 B 树？][MySQL _ B_ _ B]

[心里没点 B 树。。。][B]

[数据结构与算法——最小生成树][Link 38]

[植树节，程序猿种的那些树][Link 39]

[数据结构与算法——2-3-4树][2-3-4]

[数据结构与算法——2-3树][2-3]

[看动画轻松理解「Trie树」][Trie]

### **10、图** ###

[浅谈什么是图拓扑排序][Link 40]

[数据结构与算法——图论基础与图存储结构][Link 41]

[数据结构与算法：三十张图弄懂「图的两种遍历方式」][Link 42]

[数据结构与算法——图最短路径][Link 43]

### **总结** ###

学习数据结构和算法的过程，是非常好的思维训练的过程，所以，千万不要被动地记忆，要多辩证地思考，多问为什么。

如果你一直这么坚持做，你会发现，等你学完之后，写代码的时候就会不由自主地考虑到很多性能方面的事情，时间复杂度、空间复杂度非常高的垃圾代码出现的次数就会越来越少。

你的编程内功就真正得到了修炼。大家加油：）

--------------------

**公众号：五分钟学算法（ID：CXYxiaowu）**

**博客：** [www.cxyxiaowu.com][]

![v2-10918b85f55709ac9ef0a7deff3c2e52\_b.jpg][v2-10918b85f55709ac9ef0a7deff3c2e52_b.jpg]

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[www.cxyxiaowu.com]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//www.cxyxiaowu.com
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