Linux下通过v4l2获取视频设备名、支持的编解码及视频size列表实现

水深无声 2023-06-13 11:14 6阅读 0赞

早些时候给出了在Windows下通过dshow获取视频设备信息的实现，包括获取视频设备名、获取每种视频设备支持的编解码格式列表、每种编解码格式支持的video size列表，见：[https://blog.csdn.net/fengbingchun/article/details/102806822][https_blog.csdn.net_fengbingchun_article_details_102806822]

下面给出在Linux下通过v4l2获取这些信息的实现，代码如下：

#include "funset.hpp"
    #include <string.h>
    #include <assert.h>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <set>
    
    #include <fcntl.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <errno.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <sys/time.h>
    #include <sys/mman.h>
    #include <sys/ioctl.h>
    #include <linux/videodev2.h>
    #include <dirent.h>
    
    #include "v4l2_common.hpp"
    
    namespace {
    
    //static const __u32 v4l2_pixel_format_map[4] = {875967048, 0, 1196444237, 1448695129};
    static const __u32 v4l2_pixel_format_map[] = {V4L2_PIX_FMT_H264, 0, V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV};
    
    int v4l2_is_v4l_dev(const char *name)
    {
    	return !strncmp(name, "video", 5) ||
    		!strncmp(name, "radio", 5) ||
    		!strncmp(name, "vbi", 3) ||
    		!strncmp(name, "v4l-subdev", 10);
    }
    
    int device_open(const char* device_path)
    {
    	int fd = open(device_path, O_RDWR, 0);
    	if (fd < 0) {
    		fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot open video device %s\n", device_path);
    		goto fail;
    	}
    
    	struct v4l2_capability cap;
    	if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) < 0) {
    		fprintf(stderr, "Error: cam_info: can't open device: %s\n", device_path);
    		goto fail;
    	}
    
    	if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE)) {
    		fprintf(stderr, "Error: Not a video capture device\n");
    		goto fail;
    	}
    
    	if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_STREAMING)) {
            	fprintf(stderr, "Error: The device does not support the streaming I/O method.\n");
    		goto fail;
    	}
    
    	return fd;
    
    fail:
    	close(fd);
    	return -1;
    }
    
    const struct fmt_map ff_fmt_conversion_table[] = {
    	//ff_fmt              codec_id              v4l2_fmt
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420  },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420  },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV422P },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV    },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_UYVY422, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY    },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_YUV411P, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV411P },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_YUV410P, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV410  },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_YUV410P, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU410  },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_RGB555LE,AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB555  },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_RGB555BE,AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB555X },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_RGB565LE,AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565  },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_RGB565BE,AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565X },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24,   AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24   },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24,   AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24   },
    #ifdef V4L2_PIX_FMT_XBGR32
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_BGR0,    AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_XBGR32  },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_0RGB,    AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_XRGB32  },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_BGRA,    AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_ABGR32  },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_ARGB,    AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_ARGB32  },
    #endif
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_BGR0,    AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR32   },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_0RGB,    AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB32   },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8,   AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_GREY    },
    #ifdef V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y16
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY16LE,AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y16     },
    #endif
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_NV12,    AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12    },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_NONE,    AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG,    V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG   },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_NONE,    AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG,    V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG    },
    #ifdef V4L2_PIX_FMT_H264
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_NONE,    AV_CODEC_ID_H264,     V4L2_PIX_FMT_H264    },
    #endif
    #ifdef V4L2_PIX_FMT_MPEG4
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_NONE,    AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4,    V4L2_PIX_FMT_MPEG4   },
    #endif
    #ifdef V4L2_PIX_FMT_CPIA1
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_NONE,    AV_CODEC_ID_CPIA,     V4L2_PIX_FMT_CPIA1   },
    #endif
    #ifdef V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB8
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_BGGR8, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8 },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_GBRG8, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG8 },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_GRBG8, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG8 },
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_RGGB8, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB8 },
    #endif
    	{ AV_PIX_FMT_NONE,    AV_CODEC_ID_NONE,     0                    },
    };
    
    enum AVCodecID ff_fmt_v4l2codec(uint32_t v4l2_fmt)
    {
    	for (int i = 0; ff_fmt_conversion_table[i].codec_id != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE; i++) {
    		if (ff_fmt_conversion_table[i].v4l2_fmt == v4l2_fmt) {
    			return ff_fmt_conversion_table[i].codec_id;
    		}
    	}
    
    	return AV_CODEC_ID_NONE;
    }
    
    enum AVPixelFormat ff_fmt_v4l2ff(uint32_t v4l2_fmt, enum AVCodecID codec_id)
    {
    	for (int i = 0; ff_fmt_conversion_table[i].codec_id != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE; i++) {
    		if (ff_fmt_conversion_table[i].v4l2_fmt == v4l2_fmt &&
    			ff_fmt_conversion_table[i].codec_id == codec_id) {
    			return ff_fmt_conversion_table[i].ff_fmt;
    		}
    	}
    
    	return AV_PIX_FMT_NONE;
    }
    
    }; // namespace
    
    int test_v4l2_get_device_list(std::map<std::string, std::string>& device_list)
    {
    	device_list.clear();
    
    	const char* dir_name = "/dev";
    	DIR* dir = opendir(dir_name);
    	if (!dir) {
    		fprintf(stderr, "Error: couldn't open the directory: %s\n", dir_name);
    		return -1;
    	}
    
    	struct dirent* entry = nullptr;
    	int fd;
    
    	while ((entry = readdir(dir))) {
    		char device_name[256];
    		if (!v4l2_is_v4l_dev(entry->d_name))
    			continue;
    		
    		snprintf(device_name, sizeof(device_name), "/dev/%s", entry->d_name);
    		if ((fd = device_open(device_name)) < 0)
    			continue;
    
    		struct v4l2_capability cap;
    		if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) < 0) {
    			fprintf(stderr, "Error: cam_info: can't open device: %s\n", device_name);
    			goto fail;
    		}
    
    		device_list[device_name] = reinterpret_cast<char*>(cap.card);
    
    		close(fd);
    		continue;
    
    		fail:
    			if (fd >= 0) close(fd);
    			break;
    	}
    
    	closedir(dir);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    int test_v4l2_get_codec_type_list(const std::string& device_name, std::vector<int>& codec_list)
    {
    	codec_list.clear();
    
    	int fd = device_open(device_name.c_str());
    	if (fd < 0) {
    		fprintf(stderr, "Error: fail to open device: %s\n", device_name.c_str());
    		return -1;
    	}
    
    	struct v4l2_capability cap;
    	if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) < 0) {
    		fprintf(stderr, "Error: cam_info: can't open device: %s\n", device_name.c_str());
    		return -1;
    	}
    
    	struct v4l2_fmtdesc vfd;
    	vfd.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    	vfd.index = 0;
    	
    	while(!ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT, &vfd)) {
    		enum AVCodecID codec_id = ff_fmt_v4l2codec(vfd.pixelformat);
    		enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt = ff_fmt_v4l2ff(vfd.pixelformat, codec_id);
    
    		vfd.index++;
    
    		if (!(vfd.flags & V4L2_FMT_FLAG_COMPRESSED)) {
    			if (pix_fmt != AV_PIX_FMT_NONE)
    				codec_list.emplace_back(VIDEO_CODEC_TYPE_RAWVIDEO);
    		} else if (vfd.flags & V4L2_FMT_FLAG_COMPRESSED) {
    			if (codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG)
    				codec_list.emplace_back(VIDEO_CODEC_TYPE_MJPEG);
    			else if (codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264)
    				codec_list.emplace_back(VIDEO_CODEC_TYPE_H264);
    			else if (codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H265)
    				codec_list.emplace_back(VIDEO_CODEC_TYPE_H265);
    			else
    				fprintf(stdout, "WARNING: support codec type: %d\n", codec_id);
    		}
    	}
    
    	std::sort(codec_list.begin(), codec_list.end());
    	close(fd);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    int test_v4l2_get_video_size_list(const std::string& device_name, int codec_type, std::vector<std::string>& size_list)
    {
    	size_list.clear();
    	if (codec_type < 0 || codec_type > 3) return -1;
    
    	int fd = device_open(device_name.c_str());
    	if (fd < 0) {
    		fprintf(stderr, "Error: fail to open device: %s\n", device_name.c_str());
    		return -1;
    	}
    
    	struct v4l2_capability cap;
    	if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) < 0) {
    		fprintf(stderr, "Error: cam_info: can't open device: %s\n", device_name.c_str());
    		return -1;
    	}
    
    	struct v4l2_frmsizeenum vfse;
    	vfse.pixel_format = v4l2_pixel_format_map[codec_type];
    	vfse.index = 0;
    
    	std::set<std::vector<unsigned int>> list;
    	while(!ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES, &vfse)) {
    		switch (vfse.type) {
    			case V4L2_FRMSIZE_TYPE_DISCRETE:
    			list.insert({vfse.discrete.width, vfse.discrete.height});
    			break;
    		}
    		vfse.index++;
       	}
    
    	for (auto it = list.cbegin(); it != list.cend(); ++it) {
    		std::string str = std::to_string((*it)[0]);
    		str +="x";
    		str += std::to_string((*it)[1]);
    		size_list.emplace_back(str);
    	}
    
    	close(fd);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    int test_v4l2_get_video_device_info()
    {
    	std::map<std::string, std::string> device_list;
    	test_v4l2_get_device_list(device_list);
    	fprintf(stdout, "device count: %d\n", device_list.size());
    	for (auto it = device_list.cbegin(); it != device_list.cend(); ++it) {
    		fprintf(stdout, "device name: %s, description: %s\n", (*it).first.c_str(), (*it).second.c_str());
    
    		std::vector<int> codec_list;
    		test_v4l2_get_codec_type_list((*it).first, codec_list);
    		for (auto it2 = codec_list.cbegin(); it2 != codec_list.cend(); ++it2) {
    			fprintf(stdout, " support codec type(0: h264; 1: h265; 2: mjpeg; 3: rawvideo):%d\n", (*it2));
    
    			std::vector<std::string> size_list;
    			test_v4l2_get_video_size_list((*it).first, (*it2), size_list);
    			fprintf(stdout, "  support video size(width*height):\n");
    			for (auto it3 = size_list.cbegin(); it3 != size_list.cend(); ++it3) {
    				fprintf(stdout, "   %s\n", (*it3).c_str());
    			}
    		}
    	}
    
    	return 0;
    }

以上代码参考了ffmpeg中libavdevice/v4l2.c的实现。

获取视频设备：在Linux下是通过遍历/dev目录下的所有文件来查找视频设备的，遍历目录是通过调用opendir和readdir函数，首先找出子目录名是video、radio、vbi、v4l-subden的目录。然后通过open函数打开此设备，如果打开成功并且通过调用ioctl函数获取结构体v4l2\_capability内容，判断其成员capabilities属于V4L2\_CAP\_VIDEO\_CAPTURE和V4L2\_CAP\_STREAMING，则最终判断此名字为视频设备。

获取支持的编解码格式列表：通过ioctl函数获取结构体v4l2\_fmtdesc内容，主要通过v4l2\_fmtdesc中的成员pixelformat来判断支持的编解码格式，这里有个映射，见ff\_fmt\_v4l2codec函数，即每个v4l2\_fmtdesc.pixelformat对应ffmpeg中的AVPixelFormat、AVCodecID。注意：test\_v4l2\_get\_codec\_type\_list函数中vfd.index=0，如果没有此语句，在同时存在多个视频设备时会获取不到后面设备的编解码格式列表。

获取video size列表：通过ioctl函数获取结构体v4l2\_frmsizeenum内容，然后成员discrete.width和discrete.height即为支持的video size，通过vfse.index++循环获取支持的列表。注意：test\_v4l2\_get\_video\_size\_list函数中的vfse.index=0，如果没有此语句，在同时存在多个视频设备时会获取不到后面设备的video size列表。

以上测试代码执行结果如下：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

**GitHub**：[https://github.com/fengbingchun/OpenCV\_Test][https_github.com_fengbingchun_OpenCV_Test]

[https_blog.csdn.net_fengbingchun_article_details_102806822]: https://blog.csdn.net/fengbingchun/article/details/102806822
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191116182029316.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[https_github.com_fengbingchun_OpenCV_Test]: https://github.com/fengbingchun/OpenCV_Test