在CentOS7上安装Python3.6

左手的ㄟ右手 2023-06-13 09:25 1阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  在CentOS7上安装Python3.6
 *   *  安装编译工具和依赖包
     *  下载和解压Python源文件包
     *  编译和安装Python
     *  其它后续步骤
     *  小结
     *  参考文档

# 在CentOS7上安装Python3.6 #

## 安装编译工具和依赖包 ##

yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
    yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel

## 下载和解压Python源文件包 ##

cd /usr/src
    wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tar.xz
    tar -xJf Python-3.6.8.tar.xz

## 编译和安装Python ##

cd Python-3.6.8
    # 准备一个干净的编译环境
    make clean
    # 检查和配置编译安装环境，并生成Makefile
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.6.8 --enable-optimizations
    # 编译
    make
    # 安装
    # 用altinstall避免替换系统默认的Python二进制文件
    make altinstall

## 其它后续步骤 ##

# 创建软连接
    ln -s /usr/local/python3.6.8/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
    ln -s /usr/local/python3.6.8/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip3
    
    # 检查版本
    python3 --version
    pip3 --version
    
    # 更新pip和setuptools
    pip3 install --upgrade pip setuptools

## 小结 ##

直接用`yum install`方式安装Python3.6可能会和系统自带的Python 2.7冲突:

> file /etc/rpm/macros.python from install of python-rpm-macros-3-32.el7.noarch conflicts with file from package python-devel-2.7.5-80.el7\_6.x86\_64

用源代码编译安装方式，如果编译时缺少了依赖的库文件，可能会安装成一个“不完整”的Python环境，且没有错误提示，会导致部分标准Python库无法使用。

## 参考文档 ##

*  [https://draculaservers.com/tutorials/install-python-3-centos-7/][https_draculaservers.com_tutorials_install-python-3-centos-7]
 *  [https://passingcuriosity.com/2015/installing-python-from-source/][https_passingcuriosity.com_2015_installing-python-from-source]
 *  [https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/76253402][https_zhuanlan.zhihu.com_p_76253402]

[https_draculaservers.com_tutorials_install-python-3-centos-7]: https://draculaservers.com/tutorials/install-python-3-centos-7/
[https_passingcuriosity.com_2015_installing-python-from-source]: https://passingcuriosity.com/2015/installing-python-from-source/
[https_zhuanlan.zhihu.com_p_76253402]: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/76253402