腾讯云CentOS 7.6 安装MySQL 5.7

今天药忘吃喽~ 2023-06-13 06:20 10阅读 0赞

### 一、卸载MariaDB数据库 ###

**1、查询系统默认安装的MariaDB数据库**

rpm -qa | grep mariadb
    mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

**2、卸载系统安装的MariaDB数据库**

rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

### 二、安装MySQL ###

**1、下载yum repo**

CentOS 的yum源中没有mysql，需要到mysql的官网下载yum repo配置文件，官方地址：[https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/][https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_repo_yum]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5nY2hhb3lhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5nY2hhb3lhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
2、下载MySQL yum源

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

3、安装yum源

yum -y install mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

4、查看yum源中的MySQL安装包

yum repolist all | grep mysql
    [root@jeespring ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
    mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community   disabled
    mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - disabled
    mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community   disabled
    mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - disabled
    mysql-cluster-8.0-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community   disabled
    mysql-cluster-8.0-community-source MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community - disabled
    mysql-connectors-community/x86_64  MySQL Connectors Community    enabled:    131
    mysql-connectors-community-source  MySQL Connectors Community -  disabled
    mysql-tools-community/x86_64       MySQL Tools Community         enabled:    100
    mysql-tools-community-source       MySQL Tools Community - Sourc disabled
    mysql-tools-preview/x86_64         MySQL Tools Preview           disabled
    mysql-tools-preview-source         MySQL Tools Preview - Source  disabled
    mysql55-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.5 Community Server    disabled
    mysql55-community-source           MySQL 5.5 Community Server -  disabled
    mysql56-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.6 Community Server    disabled
    mysql56-community-source           MySQL 5.6 Community Server -  disabled
    mysql57-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.7 Community Server    disabled
    mysql57-community-source           MySQL 5.7 Community Server -  disabled
    mysql80-community/x86_64           MySQL 8.0 Community Server    enabled:    145
    mysql80-community-source           MySQL 8.0 Community Server -  disabled

yum源中默认启用的安装包版本为MySQL 8.0，如果安装MySQL 5.7，需要手动切换到 5.7

yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
    yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community

查看MySQL 5.7安装的相关依赖

[root@jeespring ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql.*
    mysql-connectors-community/x86_64    MySQL Connectors Community              131
    mysql-tools-community/x86_64         MySQL Tools Community                   100
    mysql57-community/x86_64             MySQL 5.7 Community Server              384
    [root@jeespring ~]#

# 三、安装MySQL服务器 #

**1、安装MySQL服务**

yum -y install mysql-community-server

MySQL的相关依赖就会列出来，MySQL版本和文件的 **下载路径**。  
![安装MySQL服务器][MySQL]  
**2、腾讯云下载MySQL依赖过慢解决方案（如果感觉下载太慢，可以参考下面解决方案，如果速度还行，可以略过此步骤。）**  
  通过yum安装MySQL的时候，mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86\_64比较大，大约190M左右，腾讯云下载可能比较慢，可以通过下面网址进行手动下载：

MySQL软件下载：[https://centos.pkgs.org/7/mysql-5.7-x86\_64/2/][https_centos.pkgs.org_7_mysql-5.7-x86_64_2]

找到上面安装MySQL的版本：  
mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86\_64.rpm  
![MySQL安装版本][MySQL 1]  
![MySQL下载][MySQL 2]  
文件下载完，上传到MySQL默认下载的目录（上面MySQL安装目录）

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/

这个目录可以在第一步图片里面找到  
这个下载目录存储MySQL相关的下载软件，把下载完的软件上传到这个目录，将原来的替换即可。

[root@jeespring packages]# ll /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/
    total 94664
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 45109364 Oct 11 00:06 mysql-community-client-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   318768 Oct 11 00:06 mysql-community-common-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4374364 Oct 11 00:07 mysql-community-libs-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47112642 Nov 15 10:01 mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    [root@jeespring packages]#

覆盖腾讯云未下载完成的mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86\_64.rpm  
![替换mysql-community-server][mysql-community-server]  
**替换完成后，重新执行安装命令**

yum -y install mysql-community-server

安装成功Complete!  
![MySQL安装Complete][MySQL_Complete]  
**3、启动MySQL服务**

systemctl start  mysqld.service

运行一下命令查看一下运行状态

systemctl status mysqld.service

### 四、初始化数据库密码 ###

**1、登录MySQL**  
第一次安装完没有设置密码，所以只能使用MySQL安装时生成的密码进行登录，查看MySQL安装时的初始密码

grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

[root@jeespring ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
    2019-11-15T02:44:18.428256Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Bg//CX=fB7#%
    [root@jeespring ~]#

复制临时密码，登录MySQL

mysql -uroot -p

**2、修改MySQL初始密码**

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '新密码';

修改密码报错提示：

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '新密码';
    ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

如果仅仅修改简单密码，可以依次执行以下操作步骤:

set global validate_password_policy=0;
    set global validate_password_length=1;

然后进行密码更改

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

至此密码修改完成，可以使用新密码登录MySQL服务器。

**3、MySQLvalidate\_password\_policy策略介绍，不感兴趣可以直接略过**

MySQL默认安装了密码安全检查插件（validate\_password），默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位。修改密码时新密码是否符合当前的策略，不满足则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误

**validate\_password\_policy**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="left">Policy</th> 
   <th align="left">Tests Performed</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">0 or LOW</td> 
   <td align="left">Length</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">1 or MEDIUM</td> 
   <td align="left">Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">2 or STRONG</td> 
   <td align="left">Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**0 or LOW** ：校验级别最低，只校验密码长度，只要长度跟validate\_password\_length一样即可，默认长度是8位。  
**1 or MEDIUM**：满足validate\_password\_policy=0，并且必须含有数字，小写或大写字母，特殊字符。  
**2 or STRONG**：满足0，1的要求，且密码中任意连续4个(或4个让上)字符不得是字典中的单词

修改validate\_password\_policy

set global validate_password_policy=0;

查询修改后的validate\_password\_policy

mysql> select @@validate_password_policy;
    +----------------------------+
    | @@validate_password_policy |
    +----------------------------+
    | LOW                        |
    +----------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

判断密码的长度由validate\_password\_length参数来决定。  
查看validate\_password\_length的值

mysql> select @@validate_password_length;
    +----------------------------+
    | @@validate_password_length |
    +----------------------------+
    |                          8 |
    +----------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

validate\_password\_length参数默认为8，它有最小值的限制，最小值为：  
validate\_password\_number\_count

*  validate\_password\_special\_char\_count
 *  validate\_password\_mixed\_case\_count \* 2

不管设置 validate\_password\_length=1，还是2，3，4 ,密码长度实际值都是4。超过4后为设置的值。

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select @@validate_password_length;
    +----------------------------+
    | @@validate_password_length |
    +----------------------------+
    |                          4 |
    +----------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7.x中密码控制的变量

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="left">Policy</th> 
   <th align="left">Tests Performed</th> 
   <th align="left">默认值</th> 
   <th align="left">说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">1</td> 
   <td align="left">validate_password_policy</td> 
   <td align="left">MEDIUM</td> 
   <td align="left">用于控制validate_password的验证策略</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">2</td> 
   <td align="left">validate_password_length</td> 
   <td align="left">8</td> 
   <td align="left">密码长度的最小值(最小值4)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">3</td> 
   <td align="left">validate_password_number_count</td> 
   <td align="left">1</td> 
   <td align="left">密码中数字最小个数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">4</td> 
   <td align="left">validate_password_mixed_case_count</td> 
   <td align="left">1</td> 
   <td align="left">大小写字符最小个数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">5</td> 
   <td align="left">validate_password_special_char_count</td> 
   <td align="left">1</td> 
   <td align="left">特殊字符最小个数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">6</td> 
   <td align="left">validate_password_dictionary_file</td> 
   <td align="left"></td> 
   <td align="left">字典文件</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 五、数据库授权 ###

数据库没有授权，只支持localhost本地访问

mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
    
    mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

### 六、设置自动启动 ###

systemctl enable mysqld
    
    systemctl daemon-reload

### 七、修改MySQL字符编码 ###

**1、查看MySQL字符集**

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
    +--------------------------------------+----------------------------+
    | Variable_name                        | Value                      |
    +--------------------------------------+----------------------------+
    | character_set_client                 | utf8                       |
    | character_set_connection             | utf8                       |
    | character_set_database               | latin1                     |
    | character_set_filesystem             | binary                     |
    | character_set_results                | utf8                       |
    | character_set_server                 | latin1                     |
    | character_set_system                 | utf8                       |
    | character_sets_dir                   | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
    | validate_password_special_char_count | 1                          |
    +--------------------------------------+----------------------------+
    9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

**2、修改MySQL字符集**

修改MySQL的配置文件my.cnf，文件默认位置：/etc/my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

在\[mysqld\]结束位置添加：character\_set\_server=utf8

[mysqld]
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    symbolic-links=0
    
    log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
    pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    
    character_set_server=utf8

**3、重新启动mysql服务。**  
停止命令：

systemctl stop mysqld.service

启动命令：

systemctl start mysqld.service

查询修改后的MySQL字符集

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | Variable_name            | Value                      |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | character_set_client     | utf8                       |
    | character_set_connection | utf8                       |
    | character_set_database   | utf8                       |
    | character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
    | character_set_results    | utf8                       |
    | character_set_server     | utf8                       |
    | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
    | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

[https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_repo_yum]: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5nY2hhb3lhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191114174300193.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5nY2hhb3lhbmc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5nY2hhb3lhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191114174312323.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5nY2hhb3lhbmc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[MySQL]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115094135569.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5nY2hhb3lhbmc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[https_centos.pkgs.org_7_mysql-5.7-x86_64_2]: https://centos.pkgs.org/7/mysql-5.7-x86_64/2/
[MySQL 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115102520289.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5nY2hhb3lhbmc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[MySQL 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115102536545.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5nY2hhb3lhbmc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[mysql-community-server]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115103315780.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5nY2hhb3lhbmc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[MySQL_Complete]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115104246836.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5nY2hhb3lhbmc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70

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