linux 磁盘分区

秒速五厘米 2023-05-31 10:22 4阅读 0赞

**1、 列出系统上所有磁盘列表**

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
    NAME            MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    sda               8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk 
    ├─sda1            8:1    0   200M  0 part /boot/efi
    ├─sda2            8:2    0   500M  0 part /boot
    └─sda3            8:3    0 930.8G  0 part 
      ├─centos-root 253:0    0    50G  0 lvm  /
      ├─centos-swap 253:1    0   7.8G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
      └─centos-home 253:2    0   873G  0 lvm  /home
    sr0              11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

**2、列出所有磁盘的UUID**

[root@localhost ~]# blkid
    /dev/sda1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="60B7-9F11" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI System Partition" PARTUUID="9adf58e9-3570-428d-a58a-2f7ff893a7f0" 
    /dev/sda2: UUID="dc643138-a2ff-4eab-84eb-d71af7c1f74d" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="c9c6c0e2-00ca-49fc-b152-7e90c0dec9f0" 
    /dev/sda3: UUID="JO0bNb-6Haq-CiyW-QZof-ZRRU-7tm3-Rd4x7t" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="2fb2663a-345a-4f7b-8516-1e5d7102e166" 
    /dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="0d5c41a3-bab1-4551-8cfb-5527fa4ad4bc" TYPE="xfs" 
    /dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="0ff3dece-11d7-4dfd-b08f-c8426cf851ca" TYPE="swap" 
    /dev/mapper/centos-home: UUID="2c2770ec-3653-4b4a-8e7b-a4a897f87275" TYPE="xfs"

**3、列出某个磁盘的分区类型与分区信息**

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda print
    Model: ATA WDC WD10EZEX-60W (scsi)
    Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
    Partition Table: gpt
    Disk Flags: 
    
    Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name                  标志
     1      1049kB  211MB   210MB  fat16        EFI System Partition  启动
     2      211MB   735MB   524MB  xfs
     3      735MB   1000GB  999GB                                     lvm

注：上面表示是gpt分区类型；

**4、磁盘分区 gdisk、fdisk**

**MBR分区类型使用 fdisk 进行磁盘分区，GPT分区类型使用 gdisk 进行磁盘分区；**

查看分区：

[root@localhost ~]# gdisk /dev/sda -l
    GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.6
    
    Partition table scan:
      MBR: protective
      BSD: not present
      APM: not present
      GPT: present
    
    Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
    Disk /dev/sda: 1953525168 sectors, 931.5 GiB
    Logical sector size: 512 bytes
    Disk identifier (GUID): 7D235CA9-AAC3-4F15-A580-23E3E8482CF2
    Partition table holds up to 128 entries
    First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1953525134
    Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
    Total free space is 3437 sectors (1.7 MiB)
    
    Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
       1            2048          411647   200.0 MiB   EF00  EFI System Partition
       2          411648         1435647   500.0 MiB   0700  
       3         1435648      1953523711   930.8 GiB   8E00

进入分区操作：

[root@localhost ~]# gdisk /dev/sda
    GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.6
    
    Partition table scan:
      MBR: protective
      BSD: not present
      APM: not present
      GPT: present
    
    Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
    
    Command (? for help): ?
    b       back up GPT data to a file # 将gpt分区数据备份到文件
    c       change a partition's name # 更改分区名称
    d       delete a partition # 删除一个分区
    i       show detailed information on a partition # 显示分区的详细信息
    l       list known partition types # 列出已知分区类型
    n       add a new partition # 添加一个分区
    o       create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT) # 创建新的空guid分区表（gpt）
    p       print the partition table # 打印分区表
    q       quit without saving changes # 不保存退出分区操作
    r       recovery and transformation options (experts only) # 
    s       sort partitions # 对分区排序
    t       change a partition's type code # 更改分区类型
    v       verify disk # 验证磁盘
    w       write table to disk and exit # 保存并退出
    x       extra functionality (experts only) 
    ?       print this menu

**5、格式化磁盘**

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda2 # 格式化为xfs文件系统
    
    [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2 # 格式化为ext4文件系统

**6、查看某个磁盘的所有信息**

[root@localhost ~]# dumpe2fs -h /dev/vda1

**7、文件系统检验**

**xfs 文件系统：**

xfs_repair /dev/sda2
    
    -d 通常在单用户维护模式下，针对"/"目录进行修复检验。很危险！！！

xfs\_repair 可以检验/修复 xfs 文件系统，**但检验的文件系统不能被挂载！**

**ext4 文件系统：**

fsck.ext4 /dev/sda2

**8、挂载**

mount、umount