软件测试原理_测试原理软件工程

约定不等于承诺〃 2023-03-05 12:41 1阅读 0赞

软件测试原理

Software testing means to check the software for its correctness, to check whether it is producing the expected results or not. The main aim of the testing is to find and detect the faults and errors produced by the software. Software testing is performed in different ways at different phases of software development. However, there are some stated principles for the testing process of any software. There are seven principles of software testing which are as follows:

软件测试是指检查软件的正确性，检查软件是否产生了预期的结果。 测试的主要目的是发现并检测软件产生的故障和错误。 在软件开发的不同阶段以不同的方式执行软件测试。 但是，对于任何软件的测试过程，都有一些明确的原则。 软件测试有以下七个原则：

**The seven principles of software testing:**

**软件测试的七个原则：**

1.  Testing shows the presence of defects
    
    测试表明存在缺陷
2.  Exhaustive testing is not possible
    
    不可能进行详尽的测试
3.  Early testing
    
    早期测试
4.  Defect clustering
    
    缺陷聚类
5.  Pesticide paradox
    
    农药悖论
6.  Testing is context-dependent
    
    测试是取决于上下文的
7.  Absence of errors fallacy
    
    没有错误谬误

Now, let us try to elaborate and understand each of these principles...

现在，让我们尝试阐述和理解这些原则中的每一个...

1.  **Testing shows the presence of defects**:
    
    **测试表明存在缺陷** ：
    
    The main aim of the software testing is to detect the presence of defects in it. Therefore, the test suite on which the software is tested is chosen in such a way that it covers all the possible input ranges. The test cases are chosen in such a way that the behavior of the software in the most complex conditions is also analyzed, and this makes sure that the errors in the software up to every extent are detected. However, it should be noted that even if the software passes all the test cases successfully, it cannot be said that the software is 100 percent error-free. Some errors may still be there which may occur in the future with the use. However, testing ensures that the errors in the software are detected to its maximum extent.
    
    软件测试的主要目的是检测其中是否存在缺陷。 因此，选择测试软件的测试套件时应覆盖所有可能的输入范围。 选择测试用例时，应同时分析软件在最复杂条件下的行为，以确保可以检测到软件在各个方面的错误。 但是，应该指出，即使软件成功通过所有测试用例，也不能说该软件是100％无错误的。 某些错误可能仍然存在，将来可能会随着使用而发生。 但是，测试可确保最大程度地检测到软件中的错误。
2.  **Exhaustive testing is not possible**:
    
    **不可能进行详尽的测试** ：
    
    Exhaustive testing means to check the software for every possible input case. However, this is not possible, because the inputs and conditions that the software will be facing in the future when made available to the user cannot be predicted. Yes they can be estimated up to some extent and the worst-case scenarios can also be analyzed, but still, there is scope for many such inputs for which the software might not produce correct results. Therefore, it is impossible to perform exhaustive testing for any software.
    
    详尽的测试意味着针对每种可能的输入情况检查软件。 但是，这是不可能的，因为无法预测软件在将来提供给用户时将面对的输入和条件。 是的，可以对它们进行某种程度的估计，也可以对最坏的情况进行分析，但是仍然有很多此类输入的空间，软件可能无法针对这些输入产生正确的结果。 因此，不可能对任何软件进行详尽的测试。
3.  **Early Testing**:
    
    **早期测试** ：
    
    This principle states that to minimize the complexity of occurring errors and to make the software cost and time effective, it is better to start testing in the early phases of software development itself. The early the error in the software gets detected, the easier it becomes to correct it and also problems like piling up of errors for the final testing gets reduced by this practice.
    
    该原则指出，为了最大程度地减少发生错误的复杂性并提高软件成本和时间效率，最好在软件开发本身的早期阶段就开始进行测试。 这种做法越早发现软件中的错误，就越容易纠正它，并且还减少了诸如为最终测试积累错误之类的问题。
4.  **Defect clustering**:
    
    **缺陷聚类** ：
    
    It is seen that if there is an error in the module, then I may cause a lot more errors to other modules also. Apart from this, it is also observed that most of the errors come from a single module. This principle is based on the Pareto Principle to software testing which states that 80% of software defect comes from 20% of modules.
    
    可以看出，如果模块中有错误，那么我可能还会对其他模块造成更多错误。 除此之外，还可以观察到大多数错误来自单个模块。 该原则基于软件测试的帕累托原理，该原则指出80％的软件缺陷来自20％的模块。
5.  **Pesticide paradox**:
    
    **农药悖论** ：
    
    Pests are usually seen in the fields. It is a common practice that the pesticides used to treat the pests if repeated for a very long time turns out to be ineffective to the pests. In software testing also, if you check the software again and again for the same test case, then no new bug can be detected. Hence it is important to keep changing the test suite while testing the software.
    
    通常在田间看到害虫。 常见的做法是，如果长时间重复使用，用于处理害虫的农药对害虫无效。 同样在软件测试中，如果您针对同一测试用例反复检查软件，则不会检测到新的错误。 因此，重要的是在测试软件时不断更改测试套件。
6.  **Testing is context-dependent**:
    
    **测试是取决于上下文的** ：
    
    The testing of any software is dependent on the context of the software because the test cases and the run time environment for every software are decided according to the software's context.
    
    任何软件的测试都取决于软件的上下文，因为每个软件的测试用例和运行时环境都是根据软件的上下文确定的。
7.  **Absence of errors fallacy**:
    
    **没有错误谬误** ：
    
    According to this principle, it is not much important to produce a 100 percent error-free software, rather the software must fulfill the user's needs. The errors occurred can still be handled later, but all the user's requirements must be met by the software.
    
    根据此原理，生产100％无错误的软件并不是很重要，而是该软件必须满足用户的需求。 发生的错误以后仍可以处理，但是软件必须满足所有用户的要求。

> 翻译自: [https://www.includehelp.com/basics/principles-of-testing.aspx][https_www.includehelp.com_basics_principles-of-testing.aspx]

软件测试原理

[https_www.includehelp.com_basics_principles-of-testing.aspx]: https://www.includehelp.com/basics/principles-of-testing.aspx