Spring boot Shiro 用户认证

浅浅的花香味﹌ 2023-02-26 07:24 144阅读 0赞

在Spring Boot中集成Shiro进行用户的认证过程主要可以归纳为以下三点：

1、定义一个ShiroConfig，然后配置SecurityManager Bean，SecurityManager为Shiro的安全管理器，管理着所有Subject；

2、在ShiroConfig中配置ShiroFilterFactoryBean，其为Shiro过滤器工厂类，依赖于SecurityManager；

3、自定义Realm实现，Realm包含`doGetAuthorizationInfo()`和`doGetAuthenticationInfo()`方法，因为本文只涉及用户认证，所以只实现`doGetAuthenticationInfo()`方法。

## 引入依赖 ##

首先可搭建一个Spring Boot Web程序，然后引入Shiro、MyBatis、数据库和thymeleaf依赖：

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
        <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.0</version>
    </dependency>
    
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
        <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId>
        <version>6.0</version>
    </dependency>
    
    
    <dependency>
       <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
       <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
       <version>1.1.6</version>
    </dependency>

## ShiroConfig ##

定义一个Shiro配置类，名称为ShiroConfig：

@Configuration
    public class ShiroConfig {
        @Bean
        public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(SecurityManager securityManager) {
            ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
            // 设置securityManager
            shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
            // 登录的url
            shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login");
            // 登录成功后跳转的url
            shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSuccessUrl("/index");
            // 未授权url
            shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/403");
            
            LinkedHashMap<String, String> filterChainDefinitionMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
            
            // 定义filterChain，静态资源不拦截
            filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/css/**", "anon");
            filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/js/**", "anon");
            filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/fonts/**", "anon");
            filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/img/**", "anon");
            // druid数据源监控页面不拦截
            filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/druid/**", "anon");
            // 配置退出过滤器，其中具体的退出代码Shiro已经替我们实现了 
            filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/logout", "logout");
            filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/", "anon");
            // 除上以外所有url都必须认证通过才可以访问，未通过认证自动访问LoginUrl
            filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/**", "authc");
            
            shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterChainDefinitionMap);
            return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
        }
    	
        @Bean  
        public SecurityManager securityManager(){  
            // 配置SecurityManager，并注入shiroRealm
            DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager =  new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
            securityManager.setRealm(shiroRealm());
            return securityManager;  
        } 
    	
        @Bean  
        public ShiroRealm shiroRealm(){  
            // 配置Realm，需自己实现
            ShiroRealm shiroRealm = new ShiroRealm();  
            return shiroRealm;  
        }  
    }

需要注意的是filterChain基于短路机制，即最先匹配原则，如：

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <pre><code>/user/**=anon
/user/aa=authc 永远不会执行
</code></pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

其中`anon`、`authc`等为Shiro为我们实现的过滤器，具体如下表所示：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Filter Name</th> 
   <th>Class</th> 
   <th>Description</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>anon</td> 
   <td><a href="http://shiro.apache.org/static/current/apidocs/org/apache/shiro/web/filter/authc/AnonymousFilter.html" rel="nofollow">org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.AnonymousFilter</a></td> 
   <td>匿名拦截器，即不需要登录即可访问；一般用于静态资源过滤；示例<code>/static/**=anon</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>authc</td> 
   <td><a href="http://shiro.apache.org/static/current/apidocs/org/apache/shiro/web/filter/authc/FormAuthenticationFilter.html" rel="nofollow">org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.FormAuthenticationFilter</a></td> 
   <td>基于表单的拦截器；如<code>/**=authc</code>，如果没有登录会跳到相应的登录页面登录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>authcBasic</td> 
   <td><a href="http://shiro.apache.org/static/current/apidocs/org/apache/shiro/web/filter/authc/BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter.html" rel="nofollow">org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter</a></td> 
   <td>Basic HTTP身份验证拦截器</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>logout</td> 
   <td><a href="http://shiro.apache.org/static/current/apidocs/org/apache/shiro/web/filter/authc/LogoutFilter.html" rel="nofollow">org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.LogoutFilter</a></td> 
   <td>退出拦截器，主要属性：redirectUrl：退出成功后重定向的地址（/），示例<code>/logout=logout</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>noSessionCreation</td> 
   <td><a href="http://shiro.apache.org/static/current/apidocs/org/apache/shiro/web/filter/session/NoSessionCreationFilter.html" rel="nofollow">org.apache.shiro.web.filter.session.NoSessionCreationFilter</a></td> 
   <td>不创建会话拦截器，调用<code>subject.getSession(false)</code>不会有什么问题，但是如果<code>subject.getSession(true)</code>将抛出<code>DisabledSessionException</code>异常</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>perms</td> 
   <td><a href="http://shiro.apache.org/static/current/apidocs/org/apache/shiro/web/filter/authz/PermissionsAuthorizationFilter.html" rel="nofollow">org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.PermissionsAuthorizationFilter</a></td> 
   <td>权限授权拦截器，验证用户是否拥有所有权限；属性和roles一样；示例<code>/user/**=perms["user:create"]</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>port</td> 
   <td><a href="http://shiro.apache.org/static/current/apidocs/org/apache/shiro/web/filter/authz/PortFilter.html" rel="nofollow">org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.PortFilter</a></td> 
   <td>端口拦截器，主要属性<code>port(80)</code>：可以通过的端口；示例<code>/test= port[80]</code>，如果用户访问该页面是非80，将自动将请求端口改为80并重定向到该80端口，其他路径/参数等都一样</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rest</td> 
   <td><a href="http://shiro.apache.org/static/current/apidocs/org/apache/shiro/web/filter/authz/HttpMethodPermissionFilter.html" rel="nofollow">org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.HttpMethodPermissionFilter</a></td> 
   <td>rest风格拦截器，自动根据请求方法构建权限字符串；示例<code>/users=rest[user]</code>，会自动拼出user:read,user:create,user:update,user:delete权限字符串进行权限匹配（所有都得匹配，isPermittedAll）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>roles</td> 
   <td><a href="http://shiro.apache.org/static/current/apidocs/org/apache/shiro/web/filter/authz/RolesAuthorizationFilter.html" rel="nofollow">org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.RolesAuthorizationFilter</a></td> 
   <td>角色授权拦截器，验证用户是否拥有所有角色；示例<code>/admin/**=roles[admin]</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ssl</td> 
   <td><a href="http://shiro.apache.org/static/current/apidocs/org/apache/shiro/web/filter/authz/SslFilter.html" rel="nofollow">org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.SslFilter</a></td> 
   <td>SSL拦截器，只有请求协议是https才能通过；否则自动跳转会https端口443；其他和port拦截器一样；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>user</td> 
   <td><a href="http://shiro.apache.org/static/current/apidocs/org/apache/shiro/web/filter/authc/UserFilter.html" rel="nofollow">org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.UserFilter</a></td> 
   <td>用户拦截器，用户已经身份验证/记住我登录的都可；示例<code>/**=user</code></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

配置完ShiroConfig后，接下来对Realm进行实现，然后注入到SecurityManager中。

## Realm ##

自定义Realm实现只需继承AuthorizingRealm类，然后实现doGetAuthorizationInfo()和doGetAuthenticationInfo()方法即可。这两个方法名乍看有点像，authorization发音\[ˌɔ:θəraɪˈzeɪʃn\]，为授权，批准的意思，即获取用户的角色和权限等信息；authentication发音\[ɔ:ˌθentɪ’keɪʃn\]，认证，身份验证的意思，即登录时验证用户的合法性，比如验证用户名和密码。

public class ShiroRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
    
        @Autowired
        private UserMapper userMapper;
        
        /**
        * 获取用户角色和权限
        */
        @Override
        protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principal) {
            return null;
        }
    
        /**
         * 登录认证
         */
        @Override
        protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
    
        	// 获取用户输入的用户名和密码
            String userName = (String) token.getPrincipal();
            String password = new String((char[]) token.getCredentials());
            
            System.out.println("用户" + userName + "认证-----ShiroRealm.doGetAuthenticationInfo");
    
            // 通过用户名到数据库查询用户信息
            User user = userMapper.findByUserName(userName);
            
            if (user == null) {
                throw new UnknownAccountException("用户名或密码错误！");
            }
            if (!password.equals(user.getPassword())) {
                throw new IncorrectCredentialsException("用户名或密码错误！");
            }
            if (user.getStatus().equals("0")) {
                throw new LockedAccountException("账号已被锁定,请联系管理员！");
            }
            SimpleAuthenticationInfo info = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, password, getName());
            return info;
        }
    }

因为本节只讲述用户认证，所以`doGetAuthorizationInfo()`方法先不进行实现。

其中`UnknownAccountException`等异常为Shiro自带异常，Shiro具有丰富的运行时`AuthenticationException`层次结构，可以准确指出尝试失败的原因。你可以包装在一个`try/catch`块，并捕捉任何你希望的异常，并作出相应的反应。例如：

try {
        currentUser.login(token);
    } catch ( UnknownAccountException uae ) { ...
    } catch ( IncorrectCredentialsException ice ) { ...
    } catch ( LockedAccountException lae ) { ...
    } catch ( ExcessiveAttemptsException eae ) { ...
    } ... catch your own ...
    } catch ( AuthenticationException ae ) {
        //unexpected error?
    }

虽然我们可以准确的获取异常信息，并根据这些信息给用户提示具体错误，但最安全的做法是在登录失败时仅向用户显示通用错误提示信息，例如“用户名或密码错误”。这样可以防止数据库被恶意扫描。

在Realm中UserMapper为Dao层，标准的做法应该还有Service层，但这里为了方便就不再定义Service层了。接下来编写和数据库打交道的Dao层。

## 数据层 ##

首先创建一张用户表，用于存储用户的基本信息（基于Oracle 11g）：

-- ----------------------------
    -- Table structure for T_USER
    -- ----------------------------
    CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T_USER" (
    "ID" NUMBER NOT NULL ,
    "USERNAME" VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) NOT NULL ,
    "PASSWD" VARCHAR2(128 BYTE) NOT NULL ,
    "CREATE_TIME" DATE NULL ,
    "STATUS" CHAR(1 BYTE) NOT NULL 
    );
    
    COMMENT ON COLUMN "SCOTT"."T_USER"."USERNAME" IS '用户名';
    COMMENT ON COLUMN "SCOTT"."T_USER"."PASSWD" IS '密码';
    COMMENT ON COLUMN "SCOTT"."T_USER"."CREATE_TIME" IS '创建时间';
    COMMENT ON COLUMN "SCOTT"."T_USER"."STATUS" IS '是否有效 1：有效 0：锁定';
    
    -- ----------------------------
    -- Records of T_USER
    -- ----------------------------
    INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."T_USER" VALUES ('2', 'test', '7a38c13ec5e9310aed731de58bbc4214', TO_DATE('2017-11-19 17:20:21', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '0');
    INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."T_USER" VALUES ('1', 'mrbird', '42ee25d1e43e9f57119a00d0a39e5250', TO_DATE('2017-11-19 10:52:48', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '1');
    
    -- ----------------------------
    -- Primary Key structure for table T_USER
    -- ----------------------------
    ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."T_USER" ADD PRIMARY KEY ("ID");

数据源的配置这里就不贴出来了，具体可参考源码，或者参考[https://mrbird.cc/Spring-Boot%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8Mybatis.html][https_mrbird.cc_Spring-Boot_E4_B8_AD_E4_BD_BF_E7_94_A8Mybatis.html]。

库表对应的实体类：

public class User implements Serializable{
    
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5440372534300871944L;
    
    private Integer id;
    private String userName;
    private String password;
    private Date createTime;
    private String status;
    
    // get,set略
    }

定义接口UserMapper：

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <pre><code>@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
    User findByUserName(String userName);
}
</code></pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

xml实现：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="com.springboot.dao.UserMapper">
        <resultMap type="com.springboot.pojo.User" id="User">
            <id column="id" property="id" javaType="java.lang.Integer" jdbcType="NUMERIC"/>
            <id column="username" property="userName" javaType="java.lang.String" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
            <id column="passwd" property="password" javaType="java.lang.String" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
            <id column="create_time" property="createTime" javaType="java.util.Date" jdbcType="DATE"/>
            <id column="status" property="status" javaType="java.lang.String" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
        </resultMap>
        <select id="findByUserName" resultMap="User">
            select * from t_user where username = #{userName}
        </select>
    </mapper>

数据层准备完了，接下来编写login.html和index.html页面。

## 页面准备 ##

编写登录页面login.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>登录</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/css/login.css}" type="text/css">
        <script th:src="@{/js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js}"></script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="login-page">
            <div class="form">
                <input type="text" placeholder="用户名" name="username" required="required"/>
                <input type="password" placeholder="密码" name="password" required="required"/>
                <button onclick="login()">登录</button>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>
    <script th:inline="javascript"> 
        var ctx = [[@{/}]];
        function login() {
            var username = $("input[name='username']").val();
            var password = $("input[name='password']").val();
            $.ajax({
                type: "post",
                url: ctx + "login",
                data: {"username": username,"password": password},
                dataType: "json",
                success: function (r) {
                    if (r.code == 0) {
                        location.href = ctx + 'index';
                    } else {
                        alert(r.msg);
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    </script>
    </html>

主页index.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>首页</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p>你好！[[${user.userName}]]</p>
        <a th:href="@{/logout}">注销</a>
    </body>
    </html>

页面准备完毕，接下来编写LoginController。

## Controller ##

LoginController代码如下：

@Controller
    public class LoginController {
    
        @GetMapping("/login")
        public String login() {
            return "login";
        }
    
        @PostMapping("/login")
        @ResponseBody
        public ResponseBo login(String username, String password) {
        	// 密码MD5加密
            password = MD5Utils.encrypt(username, password);
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);
            // 获取Subject对象
            Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
            try {
                subject.login(token);
                return ResponseBo.ok();
            } catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
                return ResponseBo.error(e.getMessage());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
                return ResponseBo.error(e.getMessage());
            } catch (LockedAccountException e) {
                return ResponseBo.error(e.getMessage());
            } catch (AuthenticationException e) {
                return ResponseBo.error("认证失败！");
            }
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("/")
        public String redirectIndex() {
            return "redirect:/index";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("/index")
        public String index(Model model) {
        	// 登录成后，即可通过Subject获取登录的用户信息
            User user = (User) SecurityUtils.getSubject().getPrincipal();
            model.addAttribute("user", user);
            return "index";
        }
    }

登录成功后，根据之前在ShiroConfig中的配置`shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSuccessUrl("/index")`，页面会自动访问/index路径。

## 测试 ##

最终项目目录如下图所示：

![QQ截图20171213095352.png][QQ_20171213095352.png]

启动项目，分别访问：

*  [http://localhost:8080/web/][http_localhost_8080_web]
 *  [http://localhost:8080/web/index][http_localhost_8080_web_index]
 *  [http://localhost:8080/web/aaaaaaa][http_localhost_8080_web_aaaaaaa]
 *  [http://localhost:8080/web][http_localhost_8080_web 1]

可发现页面都被重定向到[http://localhost:8080/web/login][http_localhost_8080_web_login]：

![QQ截图20171213095706.png][QQ_20171213095706.png]

当输入错误的用户信息时：

![QQ截图20171213095803.png][QQ_20171213095803.png]

用test的账户登录（test账户的status为0，已被锁定）：

![QQ截图20171213095938.png][QQ_20171213095938.png]

当输入正确的用户名密码时候：

![QQ截图20171213100035.png][QQ_20171213100035.png]

点击注销连接，根据ShiroConfig的配置`filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/logout", "logout")`，Shiro会自动帮我们注销用户信息，并重定向到`/`路径。

### 结束! ###

[https_mrbird.cc_Spring-Boot_E4_B8_AD_E4_BD_BF_E7_94_A8Mybatis.html]: https://mrbird.cc/Spring-Boot%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8Mybatis.html
[QQ_20171213095352.png]: /images/20230209/810ffe68914946248f2ccbab4139e68d.png
[http_localhost_8080_web]: http://localhost:8080/web/
[http_localhost_8080_web_index]: http://localhost:8080/web/index
[http_localhost_8080_web_aaaaaaa]: http://localhost:8080/web/aaaaaaa
[http_localhost_8080_web 1]: http://localhost:8080/web
[http_localhost_8080_web_login]: http://localhost:8080/web/login
[QQ_20171213095706.png]: /images/20230209/ab3e4b915c7b4276a1883218c510032e.png
[QQ_20171213095803.png]: /images/20230209/f61ec6a84d59403b957af2e66876227e.png
[QQ_20171213095938.png]: /images/20230209/c38daf5e2e2f41cdad7d3efd429842b6.png
[QQ_20171213100035.png]: /images/20230209/5f9618a51e2740fcb73647f19b767dae.png