SpringMVC--参数验证--实例

布满荆棘的人生 2023-02-23 03:57 59阅读 0赞

原文网址：[SpringMVC--参数验证--实例\_IT利刃出鞘的博客-CSDN博客\_springmvc参数校验][SpringMVC--_--_IT_-CSDN_springmvc]

# 其他网址 #

[使用@Valid+BindingResult进行controller参数校验\_\_再见阿郎\_的专栏-CSDN博客\_@valid bindingresult][Valid_BindingResult_controller_-CSDN_valid bindingresult]

# 简介 #

> JSR：Java Specification Requests的缩写，意思是Java 规范提案。是指向JCP(Java Community Process)提出新增一个标准化技术规范的正式请求。任何人都可以提交JSR，以向Java平台增添新的API和服务。JSR已成为Java界的一个重要标准。

**@Valid与@Validated**

> <table> 
> <tbody> 
> <tr> 
> <td>项</td> 
> <td>@Valid</td> 
> <td>@Validated</td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td>简介</td> 
> <td>Hibernate-validator实现了java的JSR303声明了@Valid这类接口。（此处的Hibernate 不是 Hibernate ORM）</td> 
> <td>对@Valid进行了二次封装</td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td>所属依赖/包</td> 
> <td> 依赖：org.hibernate.validator:hibernate-validator 包名： javax.validation.Valid javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank... </td> 
> <td> 依赖：org.springframework.spring-context 包名： org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated 没有NotBlank、NotNull等注解。也需要引入org.hibernate.validator.hibernate-validator </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td>使用位置</td> 
> <td> 方法、参数、构造函数、成员属性（field）。 不能用于类。 </td> 
> <td> 类、方法、参数。 不能用于构造函数与成员属性（field）。 </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td>功能</td> 
> <td> 可用于嵌套验证。 没有分组功能。 </td> 
> <td> 不能用于嵌套验证。 有分组功能。 </td> 
> </tr> 
> </tbody> 
> </table>
> 
> 所需依赖（有的地方说，springboot已经有@Valid，但我发现并没有）：
> 
> 
> <dependency>
> <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
> <version>6.1.2.Final</version>
> </dependency>

> 字段注解（所属包：javax.validation.constraints.\*）
> 
> <table> 
> <tbody> 
> <tr> 
> <td> 字段注解 </td> 
> <td> 说明 </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @AssertFalse </td> 
> <td> 限制必须为false </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @AssertTrue </td> 
> <td> 限制必须为true </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @DecimalMax(value) </td> 
> <td> 限制必须为一个不大于指定值的数字 </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @DecimalMin(value) </td> 
> <td> 限制必须为一个不小于指定值的数字 </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @Digits(integer,fraction) </td> 
> <td> 限制必须为一个小数，且整数部分的位数不能超过integer， 小数部分的位数不能超过fraction </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @Email </td> 
> <td> 验证注解的元素值是Email，也可以通过正则表达式和flag指定自定义的email格式 </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @Future </td> 
> <td> 限制必须是一个将来的日期 </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @Max(value) </td> 
> <td> 限制必须为一个不大于指定值的数字 </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @Min(value) </td> 
> <td> 限制必须为一个不小于指定值的数字 </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @Past </td> 
> <td> 限制必须是一个过去的日期 </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @Pattern(value) </td> 
> <td> 限制必须符合指定的正则表达式 </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @NotEmpty </td> 
> <td> 验证注解的元素值不为null或者空（isEmpty()方法）。 可用于字符串,Collection,Map,数组。 </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @NotBlank </td> 
> <td> 验证注解的元素值不为null且包含除了空格之外至少一个字符。 只用于字符串。 </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @Null </td> 
> <td> 限制只能为null </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @NotNull </td> 
> <td> 限制必须不为null </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @Past </td> 
> <td> 验证注解的元素值（日期类型）比当前时间早 </td> 
> </tr> 
> <tr> 
> <td> @Size(max,min) </td> 
> <td> 限制字符长度必须在min到max之间 </td> 
> </tr> 
> </tbody> 
> </table>

**@Validated**

> spring-boot-starter-web中已有rg.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated。但没有NotBlank、NotNull等注解。也需要引入org.hibernate.validator.hibernate-validator。

# 创建SpringBoot工程 #

gitee地址：[https://gitee.com/shapeless/demo/tree/master/demo\_springboot\_mvc\_validation][https_gitee.com_shapeless_demo_tree_master_demo_springboot_mvc_validation]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

# Entity #

## 不分组的Entity ##

package com.example.demo.entity;
 
 import com.example.demo.validatation.IGroupA;
 import com.example.demo.validatation.IGroupB;
 
 import javax.validation.Valid;
 import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
 import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
 import javax.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
 import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
 import java.util.List;
 
 public class User {
 @NotBlank(message = "名字不能为空")
 private String name;
 private Integer age;
 
 @NotEmpty(message = "密码不能为空")
 private String[] password;
 
 @NotEmpty(message = "分数不能为空")
 private List<Integer> scoreArray;
 
 @Valid
 @NotNull(message = "账户不能为null")
 private Account account;
 
 public String getName() {
 return name;
 }
 
 public void setName(String name) {
 this.name = name;
 }
 
 public String[] getPassword() {
 return password;
 }
 
 public void setPassword(String[] password) {
 this.password = password;
 }
 
 public Integer getAge() {
 return age;
 }
 
 public void setAge(Integer age) {
 this.age = age;
 }
 
 public List<Integer> getScoreArray() {
 return scoreArray;
 }
 
 public void setScoreArray(List<Integer> scoreArray) {
 this.scoreArray = scoreArray;
 }
 
 public Account getAccount() {
 return account;
 }
 
 public void setAccount(Account account) {
 this.account = account;
 }
 }

package com.example.demo.entity;
    
    import javax.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    public class Account implements Serializable {
        @NotEmpty(message = "电话号码不能为空")
        private String phoneNum;
    
        private String[] emails;
    
        public String getPhoneNum() {
            return phoneNum;
        }
    
        public void setPhoneNum(String phoneNum) {
            this.phoneNum = phoneNum;
        }
    
        public String[] getEmails() {
            return emails;
        }
    
        public void setEmails(String[] emails) {
            this.emails = emails;
        }
    }

## 分组的Entity ##

有修改：

package com.example.demo.entity;
 
 import com.example.demo.validatation.IGroupA;
 import com.example.demo.validatation.IGroupB;
 
 import javax.validation.Valid;
 import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
 import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
 import javax.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
 import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
 import java.util.List;
 
 public class User {
 @NotBlank(message = "名字不能为空")
 private String name;
 private Integer age;
 
 @NotEmpty(message = "密码不能为空", groups = {IGroupA.class})
 private String[] password;
 
 @NotEmpty(message = "分数不能为空", groups = {IGroupB.class})
 private List<Integer> scoreArray;
 
 @Valid
 @NotNull(message = "账户不能为null")
 private Account account;
 
 public String getName() {
 return name;
 }
 
 public void setName(String name) {
 this.name = name;
 }
 
 public String[] getPassword() {
 return password;
 }
 
 public void setPassword(String[] password) {
 this.password = password;
 }
 
 public Integer getAge() {
 return age;
 }
 
 public void setAge(Integer age) {
 this.age = age;
 }
 
 public List<Integer> getScoreArray() {
 return scoreArray;
 }
 
 public void setScoreArray(List<Integer> scoreArray) {
 this.scoreArray = scoreArray;
 }
 
 public Account getAccount() {
 return account;
 }
 
 public void setAccount(Account account) {
 this.account = account;
 }
 }

无修改

新加的

package com.example.demo.validatation;
    
    public interface IGroupA {
    }

package com.example.demo.validatation;
    
    public interface IGroupB {
    }

package com.example.demo.validatation;
    
    import javax.validation.GroupSequence;
    import javax.validation.groups.Default;
    
    @GroupSequence({Default.class, IGroupA.class, IGroupB.class})
    public interface IGroupAll {
    }

# @valid #

引入hibernate-validator依赖

<dependency>
 <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
 <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
 <version>6.1.2.Final</version>
 </dependency>

## Controller ##

ValidController.java

package com.example.demo.controller;
 
 import com.example.demo.entity.User;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
 import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
 
 import javax.validation.Valid;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 
 @Controller
 @RequestMapping("/valid")
 public class ValidController {
 @RequestMapping("/1")
 @ResponseBody
 public User test1(@Valid @RequestBody User user, BindingResult bindingResult) {
 if (bindingResult.hasErrors()){
 List<ObjectError> list = bindingResult.getAllErrors();
 for (ObjectError objectError : list) {
 System.out.println(objectError.getDefaultMessage());
 }
 //System.out.println(bindingResult.getFieldError().getDefaultMessage());
 }
 System.out.println();
 
 //printUser(user);
 return user;
 }
 
 @RequestMapping("/2")
 @ResponseBody
 public User test2(@Valid User user, BindingResult bindingResult) {
 if (bindingResult.hasErrors()){
 List<ObjectError> list = bindingResult.getAllErrors();
 for (ObjectError objectError : list) {
 System.out.println(objectError.getDefaultMessage());
 }
 //System.out.println(bindingResult.getFieldError().getDefaultMessage());
 }
 System.out.println();
 
 //printUser(user);
 return user;
 }
 
 @RequestMapping("/3")
 @ResponseBody
 public User test3(@Valid User user, List<Integer> scoreArray, BindingResult bindingResult) {
 //System.out.println(scoreArray);
 if (bindingResult.hasErrors()){
 List<ObjectError> list = bindingResult.getAllErrors();
 for (ObjectError objectError : list) {
 System.out.println(objectError.getDefaultMessage());
 }
 //System.out.println(bindingResult.getFieldError().getDefaultMessage());
 }
 System.out.println();
 
 //printUser(user);
 return user;
 }
 
 private void printUser(User user){
 System.out.println("name : " + user.getName());
 System.out.println("password : " + Arrays.asList(user.getPassword()));
 System.out.println("scoreArray : " + user.getScoreArray());
 System.out.println("acount.phoneNum : " + user.getAccount().getPhoneNum());
 System.out.println("account.emails : " + Arrays.asList(user.getAccount().getEmails()));
 }
 }

不分组的Entity

## 测试（不分组） ##

**测试1**：**最外层对象（User）包含空的子对象成员（account）**

postman访问：[http://localhost:8080/valid/1][http_localhost_8080_valid_1]

请求体

{
       
        "age": 18,
        "password": [
            
        ],
        
        "account": {
            
        }
    }

后端结果

电话号码不能为空
    分数不能为空
    密码不能为空
    名字不能为空

postman结果

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

**测试2**：**最外层对象（User）不包含子对象成员（account）**

postman访问：[http://localhost:8080/valid/1][http_localhost_8080_valid_1]

请求体

{
        "age": 18,
        "password": [
            
        ]
    }

后端结果

名字不能为空
    账户不能为null
    密码不能为空
    分数不能为空

postman结果

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

## 测试（分组） ##

**测试1：IGroupA和IGroupB都没有验证。相当于@Valid对应Default.class的验证**

postman访问：[http://localhost:8080/valid/1][http_localhost_8080_valid_1]

postman的请求体

{
        "age": 18,
        "password": [
            
        ],
        
        "account": {
            
        }
    }

后端结果

名字不能为空
    电话号码不能为空

postman结果

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

**测试3**：**form-data测试（成功）：最外层对象（User）包含子对象成员（account）**

postman访问：[http://localhost:8080/valid/2][http_localhost_8080_valid_2]

postman：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

后端结果

名字不能为空
    电话号码不能为空

**测试4：form-data测试（结果如下）：最外层对象（User）不包含子对象成员（account）**

postman：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

后端结果

Field error in object 'user' on field 'account.phoneNum': rejected value [null]; codes [NotEmpty.user.account.phoneNum,NotEmpty.account.phoneNum,NotEmpty.phoneNum,NotEmpty.java.lang.String,NotEmpty]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [user.account.phoneNum,account.phoneNum]; arguments []; default message [account.phoneNum]]; default message [电话号码不能为空]
    Field error in object 'user' on field 'name': rejected value [null]; codes [NotBlank.user.name,NotBlank.name,NotBlank.java.lang.String,NotBlank]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [user.name,name]; arguments []; default message [name]]; default message [名字不能为空]]

# @Validated #

引入hibernate-validator依赖

## Controller ##

package com.example.demo.controller;
 
 import com.example.demo.entity.User;
 import com.example.demo.validatation.IGroupA;
 import com.example.demo.validatation.IGroupB;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
 import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError;
 import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 
 @Controller
 @RequestMapping("/validated")
 public class ValidatedController {
 @RequestMapping("/1")
 @ResponseBody
 public User test1(@Validated @RequestBody User user, BindingResult bindingResult) {
 if (bindingResult.hasErrors()){
 List<ObjectError> list = bindingResult.getAllErrors();
 for (ObjectError objectError : list) {
 System.out.println(objectError.getDefaultMessage());
 }
 //System.out.println(bindingResult.getFieldError().getDefaultMessage());
 }
 System.out.println();
 return user;
 }
 
 @RequestMapping("/2")
 @ResponseBody
 public User test2(@Validated({IGroupA.class}) @RequestBody User user, BindingResult bindingResult) {
 if (bindingResult.hasErrors()){
 List<ObjectError> list = bindingResult.getAllErrors();
 for (ObjectError objectError : list) {
 System.out.println(objectError.getDefaultMessage());
 }
 //System.out.println(bindingResult.getFieldError().getDefaultMessage());
 }
 System.out.println();
 
 return user;
 }
 
 @RequestMapping("/3")
 @ResponseBody
 public User test3(@Validated({IGroupB.class}) @RequestBody User user, BindingResult bindingResult) {
 if (bindingResult.hasErrors()){
 List<ObjectError> list = bindingResult.getAllErrors();
 for (ObjectError objectError : list) {
 System.out.println(objectError.getDefaultMessage());
 }
 //System.out.println(bindingResult.getFieldError().getDefaultMessage());
 }
 System.out.println();
 
 return user;
 }
 
 @RequestMapping("/4")
 @ResponseBody
 public User test4(@Validated({IGroupA.class, IGroupB.class}) @RequestBody User user, BindingResult bindingResult) {
 if (bindingResult.hasErrors()){
 List<ObjectError> list = bindingResult.getAllErrors();
 for (ObjectError objectError : list) {
 System.out.println(objectError.getDefaultMessage());
 }
 //System.out.println(bindingResult.getFieldError().getDefaultMessage());
 }
 System.out.println();
 
 return user;
 }
 
 private void printUser(User user){
 System.out.println("name : " + user.getName());
 System.out.println("password : " + Arrays.asList(user.getPassword()));
 System.out.println("scoreArray : " + user.getScoreArray());
 System.out.println("acount.phoneNum : " + user.getAccount().getPhoneNum());
 System.out.println("account.emails : " + Arrays.asList(user.getAccount().getEmails()));
 }
 }

## 测试（不分组） ##

**测试1：相对于@Valid的测试，只将Controller的@Valid改为@Validated。结果：跟@Valid一样效果**

postman访问：[http://localhost:8080/validated/1][http_localhost_8080_validated_1]

后端结果

分数不能为空
    电话号码不能为空
    密码不能为空
    名字不能为空

postman结果

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

## 测试（分组） ##

**测试1：IGroupA**

postman访问：[http://localhost:8080/validated/2][http_localhost_8080_validated_2]

postman的请求体

{
        "age": 18,
        "password": [
            
        ],
        
        "account": {
            
        }
    }

后端结果

密码不能为空

postman结果

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

**测试2：IGroupB**

postman访问：[http://localhost:8080/validated/3][http_localhost_8080_validated_3]

postman的请求体

{
        "age": 18,
        "password": [
            
        ],
        
        "account": {
            
        }
    }

后端结果

分数不能为空

postman结果

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

**测试3：IGroupA + IGroupB**

postman访问：[http://localhost:8080/validated/4][http_localhost_8080_validated_4]

postman的请求体

{
        "age": 18,
        "password": [
            
        ],
        
        "account": {
            
        }
    }

后端结果

密码不能为空
    分数不能为空

postman结果

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

## 测试（组序列） ##

**测试1：Default.class, IGroupA.class, IGroupB.class（Default.class检测到了错误，后边的两个都不再验证了）**

postman访问：[http://localhost:8080/validated/5][http_localhost_8080_validated_5]

postman的请求体

{
        "age": 18,
        "password": [
            
        ],
        
        "account": {
            
        }
    }

后端结果

电话号码不能为空
    名字不能为空

postman结果

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

[SpringMVC--_--_IT_-CSDN_springmvc]: https://knife.blog.csdn.net/article/details/107136744
[Valid_BindingResult_controller_-CSDN_valid bindingresult]: https://blog.csdn.net/FU250/article/details/80247930
[https_gitee.com_shapeless_demo_tree_master_demo_springboot_mvc_validation]: https://gitee.com/shapeless/demo/tree/master/demo_springboot_mvc_validation
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200705194811795.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[http_localhost_8080_valid_1]: http://localhost:8080/valid/1
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200705183121726.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
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[http_localhost_8080_valid_2]: http://localhost:8080/valid/2
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[http_localhost_8080_validated_1]: http://localhost:8080/validated/1
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[http_localhost_8080_validated_2]: http://localhost:8080/validated/2
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[http_localhost_8080_validated_3]: http://localhost:8080/validated/3
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[http_localhost_8080_validated_4]: http://localhost:8080/validated/4
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[http_localhost_8080_validated_5]: http://localhost:8080/validated/5
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