Docker教程（二）：docker常用命令

本是古典何须时尚 2023-02-19 15:29 74阅读 0赞

# 前言 #

本文根据狂神说视频资料整理。https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?from=search&seid=16447684728895719563

# Docker常用命令 #

## 帮助命令 ##

docker version      # 显示docker的版本
    docker info         # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
    docker 命令 --help   # 帮助命令

帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/

## 镜像命令 ##

**docker images**

[root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        5 months ago        13.3kB
    
    #解释
    REPOSITORY   镜像的仓库
    TAG          镜像的标签
    IMAGE ID     镜像的ID
    CREATED      镜像的创建时间
    SIZE         镜像的大小
    
    #可选项
    -a, --all       #列出所有镜像
    -q, --quiet     #只显示镜像的id

**docker search 搜索镜像**

[root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# docker search mysql
    NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
    mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9645                [OK]                
    mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3506                [OK]   
    
    #可选项
    --filter=STARTS=3000
    # 搜索镜像就是stars数大于3000
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
    NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
    mysql               MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9645                [OK]                
    mariadb             MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3506                [OK]

**docker pull 下载镜像**

#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# docker pull mysql
    Using default tag: latest    #如果不写tag，默认就是 latest
    latest: Pulling from library/mysql
    8559a31e96f4: Pull complete  #分层下载，docker image的核心  联合文件系统
    d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete 
    c2344adc4858: Pull complete 
    fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete 
    16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete 
    b905d1797e97: Pull complete 
    4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete 
    c75914a65ca2: Pull complete 
    1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete 
    453ac13c00a3: Pull complete 
    9e680cd72f08: Pull complete 
    a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6   #签名
    Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
    docker.io/library/mysql:latest     # 真实地址
    
    #等价于它
    docker pull mysql
    docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
    
    #指定版本下载
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
    5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
    8559a31e96f4: Already exists       #有重复的文件就不会再下载了
    d51ce1c2e575: Already exists 
    c2344adc4858: Already exists 
    fcf3ceff18fc: Already exists 
    16da0c38dc5b: Already exists 
    b905d1797e97: Already exists 
    4b50d1c6b05c: Already exists 
    d85174a87144: Pull complete 
    a4ad33703fa8: Pull complete 
    f7a5433ce20d: Pull complete 
    3dcd2a278b4a: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:32f9d9a069f7a735e28fd44ea944d53c61f990ba71460c5c183e610854ca4854
    Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
    docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

**docker rmi 删除镜像**

docker rmi -f 容器id     #删除指定容器
    docker rmi -f 容器id  容器id  容器id  #删除多个指定容器
    docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)  #递归删除所有的容器
    
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    mysql               5.7                 9cfcce23593a        10 days ago         448MB
    mysql               latest              be0dbf01a0f3        10 days ago         541MB
    hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        5 months ago        13.3kB
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# docker rmi -f 9cfcce23593a
    Untagged: mysql:5.7
    Untagged: mysql@sha256:32f9d9a069f7a735e28fd44ea944d53c61f990ba71460c5c183e610854ca4854
    Deleted: sha256:9cfcce23593a93135ca6dbf3ed544d1db9324d4c40b5c0d56958165bfaa2d46a
    Deleted: sha256:98de3e212919056def8c639045293658f6e6022794807d4b0126945ddc8324be
    Deleted: sha256:17e8b88858e400f8c5e10e7cb3fbab9477f6d8aacba03b8167d34a91dbe4d8c1
    Deleted: sha256:c04c087c2af9abd64ba32fe89d65e6d83da514758923de5da154541cc01a3a1e
    Deleted: sha256:ab8bf065b402b99aec4f12c648535ef1b8dc954b4e1773bdffa10ae2027d3e00
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    mysql               latest              be0dbf01a0f3        10 days ago         541MB
    hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        5 months ago        13.3kB
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
    Untagged: mysql:latest
    Untagged: mysql@sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6
    Deleted: sha256:be0dbf01a0f3f46fc8c88b67696e74e7005c3e16d9071032fa0cd89773771576
    Deleted: sha256:086d66e8d1cb0d52e9337eabb11fb9b95960e2e1628d90100c62ea5e8bf72306
    Deleted: sha256:f37c61ee1973b18c285d0d5fcf02da4bcdb1f3920981499d2a20b2858500a110
    Deleted: sha256:e40b8bca7dc63fc8d188a412328e56caf179022f5e5d5b323aae57d233fb1069
    Deleted: sha256:339f6b96b27eb035cbedc510adad2560132925a835f0afddbcc1d311c961c14b
    Deleted: sha256:d38b06cdb26a5c98857ddbc6ef531d3f57b00e325c0c314600b712efc7ff6ab0
    Deleted: sha256:09687cd9cdf4c704fde969fdba370c2d848bc614689712bef1a31d0d581f2007
    Deleted: sha256:b704a4a65bf536f82e5d8b86e633d19185e26313de8380162e778feb2852011a
    Deleted: sha256:c37206160543786228aa0cce738e85343173851faa44bb4dc07dc9b7dc4ff1c1
    Deleted: sha256:12912c9ec523f648130e663d9d4f0a47c1841a0064d4152bcf7b2a97f96326eb
    Deleted: sha256:57d29ad88aa49f0f439592755722e70710501b366e2be6125c95accc43464844
    Deleted: sha256:b17c024283d0302615c6f0c825137da9db607d49a83d2215a79733afbbaeb7c3
    Deleted: sha256:13cb14c2acd34e45446a50af25cb05095a17624678dbafbcc9e26086547c1d74
    Untagged: hello-world:latest
    Untagged: hello-world@sha256:6a65f928fb91fcfbc963f7aa6d57c8eeb426ad9a20c7ee045538ef34847f44f1
    Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

## 容器命令 ##

先下载linux镜像，centos

docker run [可选参数] image
    
    #参数说明
    --name="NAME"  # 给容器起名字，作为区分
    -d             # 后台运行方式
    -it            # 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
    -p             # 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
         -p ip:主机端口：容器端口
         -p 主机端口：容器端口  （常用）
    -p             # 随机指定端口
    
    # 测试，启动并进入容器
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
    [root@86b18b591598 /]# ls
    bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
    [root@86b18b591598 /]# exit
    exit
    # 从容器中退回主机
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# ls
    bin  boot  dev  etc  home  install.sh  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  patch  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var  www

列出所有运行的容器

#docker ps 命令
          # 列出当前正在运行的容器
    -a    # 列出当前正在运行的容器以及历史运行过的容器
    -n=?  # 列出？个最近创建的容器
    -q    # 只显示容器的编号
    
    
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz /]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
    86b18b591598        centos              "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Exited (0) 8 minutes ago                       trusting_raman
    58384b6b7d03        centos              "/bin/bash/"        10 minutes ago      Created                                        festive_keller
    3e1ad830adeb        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                         peaceful_kepler
    47c61563f7fc        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            9 days ago          Exited (0) 9 days ago                          fervent_turing

**退出容器**

exit           # 直接容器退出并停止
    Ctrl + p + q   # 容器退出但不停止

**删除容器**

docker rm 容器id                    # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
    docker rm -f $(docker iamges -aq)  # 删除所有容器
    docker ps -a|xargs docker rm       # 删除所有容器

**启动和停止容器的操作**

docker start 容器id       # 启动容器
    docker restart 容器id     # 重启容器
    docker stop 容器id        # 停止容器
    docker kill 容器id        # 杀死容器

## 常用其它命令 ##

**后台启动容器**

# 命令 docker run -d centos
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz ~]# docker run -d centos
    
    # 问题docker ps 发现centos停止了
    
    # 常见问题：docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止。
    # Nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

**查看日志**

docker logs -tf --tail 行数 
    
    # 自己编写一个脚本
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo daodao;sleep 1;done"
    
    # 查看日志
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 78ccaf77e9c8 
    2020-06-19T12:48:24.567002546Z daodao
    2020-06-19T12:48:25.568855821Z daodao
    2020-06-19T12:48:26.570856905Z daodao
    2020-06-19T12:48:27.573024454Z daodao
    2020-06-19T12:48:28.575491721Z daodao

**查看容器中的id**

[root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz ~]# docker top 78ccaf77e9c8
    UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
    root                9359                9342                0                   20:47               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo daodao;sleep 1;done
    root                9692                9359                0                   20:51               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

**查看镜像的元数据**

[root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz ~]# docker inspect 78ccaf77e9c8
    [
        {
        
            "Id": "78ccaf77e9c8c1f5220728fe5894915dbce1b0b4e1ea1562d850cea55d2629c5",
            "Created": "2020-06-19T12:47:32.967578778Z",
            "Path": "/bin/sh",
            "Args": [
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo daodao;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "State": {
        
                "Status": "running",
                "Running": true,
                "Paused": false,
                "Restarting": false,
                "OOMKilled": false,
                "Dead": false,
                "Pid": 9359,
                "ExitCode": 0,
                "Error": "",
                "StartedAt": "2020-06-19T12:47:33.458508266Z",
                "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
            },
            "Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f",
            "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/78ccaf77e9c8c1f5220728fe5894915dbce1b0b4e1ea1562d850cea55d2629c5/resolv.conf",
            "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/78ccaf77e9c8c1f5220728fe5894915dbce1b0b4e1ea1562d850cea55d2629c5/hostname",
            "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/78ccaf77e9c8c1f5220728fe5894915dbce1b0b4e1ea1562d850cea55d2629c5/hosts",
            "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/78ccaf77e9c8c1f5220728fe5894915dbce1b0b4e1ea1562d850cea55d2629c5/78ccaf77e9c8c1f5220728fe5894915dbce1b0b4e1ea1562d850cea55d2629c5-json.log",
            "Name": "/stupefied_jones",
            "RestartCount": 0,
            "Driver": "overlay2",
            "Platform": "linux",
            "MountLabel": "",
            "ProcessLabel": "",
            "AppArmorProfile": "",
            "ExecIDs": null,
            "HostConfig": {
        
                "Binds": null,
                "ContainerIDFile": "",
                "LogConfig": {
        
                    "Type": "json-file",
                    "Config": {
        }
                },
                "NetworkMode": "default",
                "PortBindings": {
        },
                "RestartPolicy": {
        
                    "Name": "no",
                    "MaximumRetryCount": 0
                },
                "AutoRemove": false,
                "VolumeDriver": "",
                "VolumesFrom": null,
                "CapAdd": null,
                "CapDrop": null,
                "Capabilities": null,
                "Dns": [],
                "DnsOptions": [],
                "DnsSearch": [],
                "ExtraHosts": null,
                "GroupAdd": null,
                "IpcMode": "private",
                "Cgroup": "",
                "Links": null,
                "OomScoreAdj": 0,
                "PidMode": "",
                "Privileged": false,
                "PublishAllPorts": false,
                "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
                "SecurityOpt": null,
                "UTSMode": "",
                "UsernsMode": "",
                "ShmSize": 67108864,
                "Runtime": "runc",
                "ConsoleSize": [
                    0,
                    0
                ],
                "Isolation": "",
                "CpuShares": 0,
                "Memory": 0,
                "NanoCpus": 0,
                "CgroupParent": "",
                "BlkioWeight": 0,
                "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
                "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
                "CpuPeriod": 0,
                "CpuQuota": 0,
                "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
                "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
                "CpusetCpus": "",
                "CpusetMems": "",
                "Devices": [],
                "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
                "DeviceRequests": null,
                "KernelMemory": 0,
                "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
                "MemoryReservation": 0,
                "MemorySwap": 0,
                "MemorySwappiness": null,
                "OomKillDisable": false,
                "PidsLimit": null,
                "Ulimits": null,
                "CpuCount": 0,
                "CpuPercent": 0,
                "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
                "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
                "MaskedPaths": [
                    "/proc/asound",
                    "/proc/acpi",
                    "/proc/kcore",
                    "/proc/keys",
                    "/proc/latency_stats",
                    "/proc/timer_list",
                    "/proc/timer_stats",
                    "/proc/sched_debug",
                    "/proc/scsi",
                    "/sys/firmware"
                ],
                "ReadonlyPaths": [
                    "/proc/bus",
                    "/proc/fs",
                    "/proc/irq",
                    "/proc/sys",
                    "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
                ]
            },
            "GraphDriver": {
        
                "Data": {
        
                    "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/38121800db8ce62235a7ab5a8d4f0ff5b58c8916b59c76ef2cab6ee04d52fc0b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/032acbb5a63c70ee37c8e02d18c7b316363361ab4f13ee86bfb14278c9cd180d/diff",
                    "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/38121800db8ce62235a7ab5a8d4f0ff5b58c8916b59c76ef2cab6ee04d52fc0b/merged",
                    "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/38121800db8ce62235a7ab5a8d4f0ff5b58c8916b59c76ef2cab6ee04d52fc0b/diff",
                    "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/38121800db8ce62235a7ab5a8d4f0ff5b58c8916b59c76ef2cab6ee04d52fc0b/work"
                },
                "Name": "overlay2"
            },
            "Mounts": [],
            "Config": {
        
                "Hostname": "78ccaf77e9c8",
                "Domainname": "",
                "User": "",
                "AttachStdin": false,
                "AttachStdout": false,
                "AttachStderr": false,
                "Tty": false,
                "OpenStdin": false,
                "StdinOnce": false,
                "Env": [
                    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
                ],
                "Cmd": [
                    "/bin/sh",
                    "-c",
                    "while true;do echo daodao;sleep 1;done"
                ],
                "Image": "centos",
                "Volumes": null,
                "WorkingDir": "",
                "Entrypoint": null,
                "OnBuild": null,
                "Labels": {
        
                    "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611",
                    "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                    "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                    "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                    "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
                }
            },
            "NetworkSettings": {
        
                "Bridge": "",
                "SandboxID": "373bbf0ff7fab5236a8423586ead6ec1be67535ecb06561e107d15002d88d2ef",
                "HairpinMode": false,
                "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
                "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "Ports": {
        },
                "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/373bbf0ff7fa",
                "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
                "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
                "EndpointID": "204bd4d0eb570751e120713ffd2eb90392710a4194bc92eda3e8f8220377f764",
                "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                "IPv6Gateway": "",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                "Networks": {
        
                    "bridge": {
        
                        "IPAMConfig": null,
                        "Links": null,
                        "Aliases": null,
                        "NetworkID": "31ed304d052745b0a98f4d12f3b4215f3b3509bc2a1cad42764e05ad24b34435",
                        "EndpointID": "204bd4d0eb570751e120713ffd2eb90392710a4194bc92eda3e8f8220377f764",
                        "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                        "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                        "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                        "IPv6Gateway": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                        "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                        "DriverOpts": null
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    ]

**进入当前正在运行的容器**

# 我们的容器通常都是后台的方式运行的，需要进入容器进行一些配置的修改
    
    # 命令
    docker  exec -it 容器id bash
    
    #测试
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    78ccaf77e9c8        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                           stupefied_jones
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz ~]# docker exec -it 78ccaf77e9c8 /bin/bash
    [root@78ccaf77e9c8 /]# ls
    bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
    [root@78ccaf77e9c8 /]# ps -ef
    UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
    root         1     0  0 12:47 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo daodao;sleep 1;done
    root       779     0  0 13:00 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
    root       805     1  0 13:00 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
    root       806   779  0 13:00 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
    
    
    # 方式二
    docker attach 容器id
    # 测试
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    1489b57703f0        centos              "/bin/bash"         31 seconds ago      Up 30 seconds                           exciting_wescoff
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz ~]# docker attach 1489b57703f0
    
    # docker exec       # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
    # docker attach     # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！

**从容器拷贝文件到主机上**

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径  目的地主机路径
    
    # 进入到容器内部
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz home]# docker attach 6ddce6946291
    [root@6ddce6946291 /]# ls
    bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
    [root@6ddce6946291 /]# cd home
    [root@6ddce6946291 home]# ls
    # 新建一个test.java文件
    [root@6ddce6946291 home]# touch test.java
    [root@6ddce6946291 home]# ls
    test.java
    # 退出
    [root@6ddce6946291 home]# exit
    exit
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz home]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz home]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
    6ddce6946291        centos              "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Exited (0) 29 seconds ago                        elastic_nobel
    1489b57703f0        centos              "/bin/bash"         9 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                         exciting_wescoff
    c0bc380485c7        centos              "/bin/bash"         9 minutes ago       Exited (127) 9 minutes ago                       agitated_wilson
    6bc800b8b1c7        centos              "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Exited (0) 10 minutes ago                        wonderful_varahamihira
    05c890820c86        centos              "/bin/bash"         41 minutes ago      Exited (0) 41 minutes ago                        gracious_lalande
    4abe9a45eb5f        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 hours ago         Exited (127) 4 hours ago                         dazzling_noyce
    58384b6b7d03        centos              "/bin/bash/"        4 hours ago         Created                                          festive_keller
    3e1ad830adeb        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            6 hours ago         Exited (0) 6 hours ago                           peaceful_kepler
    47c61563f7fc        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            9 days ago          Exited (0) 9 days ago                            fervent_turing
    # 复制到主机中
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz home]# docker cp 6ddce6946291:/home/test.java /home
    [root@izbp1bbjc5qwrrd5z2ezayz home]# ls
    f2  test1  test.java  www

## 小结 ##

attach      Attach to a running container 	      # 当前shell下attach连接指定运行的镜像
    build       Build an image from a Dockerfile        # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
    commit      Create a new image from a container changes  #提交当前容器为新的镜像
    cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem #从容器中拷贝指定文件或目录到宿主机中
    create      Create a new container 		      # 创建一个新的容器，同run,但不启动容器
    diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem #查看docker容器的变化
    events      Get real time events from the server    # 从docker服务获取容器实时事件
    exec        Run a command in a running container    # 在已存在的容器上运行命令
    export      Export a container filesystem as a tar archive # 导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]
    history     Show the history of an image         # 展示一个镜像形成历史
    images      List images                          # 列出系统当前的镜像
    import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统镜像[对应export]
    info        Display system-wide information      # 显示系统相关信息
    inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects # 查看容器详细信息
    kill        Kill one or more running containers  # 杀死指定的docker容器
    load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN # 从一个tar包加载一个镜像[对应save]
    login       Log in to a Docker registry	   # 注册或者登录一个docker源服务器
    logout      Log out from a Docker registry	   # 从当前Docker registry退出
    logs        Fetch the logs of a container        # 输出当前容器日志信息
    pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers 	 # 暂停容器
    port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container # 查看映射端口对应容器内部源端口
    ps          List containers			   # 列出容器列表
    pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或库镜像
    push        Push an image or a repository to a registry   # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
    rename      Rename a container		   # 给docker容器重新命名
    restart     Restart one or more containers	   # 重启运行的容器
    rm          Remove one or more containers	   # 移除一个或者多个容器
    rmi         Remove one or more images		   # 移除一个或者多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像时才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]
    run         Run a command in a new container	   # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
    save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) # 保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应load]
    search      Search the Docker Hub for images     # 在docker hub中搜索镜像
    start       Start one or more stopped containers # 启动容器
    stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics # 实时显示容器资源使用统计
    stop        Stop one or more running containers  # 停止容器
    tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE # 给源中镜像打标签
    top         Display the running processes of a container   	  # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
    unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers # 取消暂停容器
    update      Update configuration of one or more containers	  # 更新一个或多个容器配置
    version     Show the Docker version information  # 查看docker版本号 
    wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值

**可视化**

*  portainer

docker run -d -p 9000:9000 \
    > --restart=always \
    > -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \ --name prtainer-test \docker.io/portainer/portainer

网站：http://112.124.16.77:8088

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zOTA4NTEwOQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]

设置用户和密码登入进去即可

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