Linux安装Mysql(丰富图文)

红太狼 2023-02-17 02:12 5阅读 0赞

> <table> 
>  <tbody> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td><strong>Java各种环境配置及服务搭建</strong></td> 
>    <td><strong><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/libusi001/article/details/100069839" rel="nofollow">https://blog.csdn.net/libusi001/article/details/100069839</a></strong></td> 
>   </tr> 
>  </tbody> 
> </table>
> 
> **目录**
> 
> 一、安装准备
> 
> 1、检查是否已经安装过mysql，执行命令
> 
> 2、查询所有Mysql对应的文件夹
> 
> 3、检查mysql用户组和用户是否存在，如果没有，则创建
> 
> 4、Mysql官网下载
> 
> 二、Mysql安装步骤
> 
> 1、上传安装包
> 
> 2、在/usr/local/mysql目录下创建data目录
> 
> 3、更改mysql目录下所有所属的用户组和用户，以及权限
> 
> 4、编译安装并初始化mysql，初始化输出日志末尾为临时登录密码
> 
> 5、常见错误
> 
> 6、编辑配置文件my.cnf
> 
> 7、启动服务器
> 
> 8、常见问题
> 
> 9、添加软连接，并重启mysql服务
> 
> 10、登录mysql，修改密码(密码为步骤4生成的临时密码)
> 
> 11、开放远程连接
> 
> 12、设置开机自动启动
> 
> 13、登录Mysql
> 
>     本文参考多个网博，图片皆为自己安装过程截图和添加讲解，以及3点问题规避，严格按照本文安装可一次性成功！
> 
> # 一、安装准备 #
> 
> ### **1、检查是否已经安装过mysql，执行命令** ###
> 
>     [root@localhost /]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
>     mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64
>     [root@localhost /]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64
>     [root@localhost /]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
>     [root@localhost /]#
> 
> ### ![20200611154802549.png][] ###
> 
> ### **2、查询所有Mysql对应的文件夹** ###
> 
>     [root@localhost /]# whereis mysql
>     mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /usr/include/mysql
>     [root@localhost lib]# find / -name mysql
>     /data/mysql
>     /data/mysql/mysql
> 
> **删除相关目录或文件**
> 
>     [root@localhost /]#  rm -rf /usr/bin/mysql /usr/include/mysql /data/mysql /data/mysql/mysql
> 
> **验证是否删除完毕**
> 
>     [root@localhost /]# whereis mysql
>     mysql:
>     [root@localhost /]# find / -name mysql
>     [root@localhost /]#
> 
> ### **3、检查mysql用户组和用户是否存在，如果没有，则创建** ###
> 
>     [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
>     [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql
>     [root@localhost /]# groupadd mysql
>     [root@localhost /]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
>     [root@localhost /]#
> 
> ### **4、[Mysql官网][Mysql]下载** ###
> 
> **（1）、[Mysql5.7版本][Mysql5.7]**
> 
> **命令下载：**
> 
>     [root@localhost /]#  wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
> 
> ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpYnVzaTAwMQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]
> 
> **选择对应版本**
> 
> ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpYnVzaTAwMQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]
> 
> **（2）、最新版本[Mysql8.0.2][]**
> 
> **（3）、下载的安装包**
> 
> ![20200610165906404.png][]
> 
> # 二、Mysql安装步骤 #
> 
> ### 1、上传安装包 ###
> 
> ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpYnVzaTAwMQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]
> 
>  *  **解压安装包mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64.tar.gz**
>  *  **移动该文件到/usr/local/下**
>  *  **将文件夹名称修改为mysql**
>  *  **注意：如果不移动到上述位置，后面初始化会报错：No such file or directory Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mys**
> 
> ![20200610174147409.png][]
> 
> ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpYnVzaTAwMQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]
> 
> ### 2、在**/usr/local/mysql**目录下创建data目录 ###
> 
> ![20200610174245732.png][]
> 
> ### 3、更改mysql目录下所有所属的用户组和用户，以及权限 ###
> 
>     [root@localhost /]# groupadd mysql
>     [root@localhost /]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
>     
>     [root@localhost /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
>     [root@localhost /]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql
> 
> ![20200610174411313.png][]
> 
> ### 4、编译安装并初始化mysql，**初始化输出日志末尾为临时登录密码** ###
> 
>     [root@localhost /]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
>     [root@localhost bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
> 
> ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpYnVzaTAwMQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]
> 
> ### 5、常见错误 ###
> 
> ![2020061017475517.png][]
> 
>     [root@localhost bin]# rpm -qa|grep libaio   
>     [root@localhost bin]# 
>     [root@localhost bin]#  yum install  libaio-devel.x86_64
> 
> ![20200610174844682.png][]
> 
>     [root@localhost bin]#  yum -y install numactl
> 
> ### 6、编辑配置文件my.cnf ###
> 
> vim /etc/my.cnf
> 
> ![20200610175110422.png][]
> 
> **配置替换为**
> 
>     [mysqld]
>     datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
>     port = 3306
>     sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
>     symbolic-links=0
>     max_connections=400
>     innodb_file_per_table=1
>     #表名大小写不明感，敏感为
>     lower_case_table_names=1
> 
> ![20200610175217252.png][]
> 
> ### 7、启动服务器 ###
> 
>     [root@localhost bin]# mysql -u root -p
>     -bash: mysql: command not found
>     [root@localhost bin]#  /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
>     Starting MySQL SUCCESS! 
>     [root@localhost bin]# 2020-06-16T07:21:48.372671Z mysqld_safe A mysqld process already exists
>     ^C
>     [root@localhost bin]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
>     [root@localhost bin]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
>     [root@localhost bin]# service mysql restart
>     Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
>     Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
> 
> ![20200610175403183.png][]
> 
> ### 8、常见问题 ###
> 
> **（1）Starting MySQL... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file**
> 
>     #查询服务
>     ps -ef|grep mysql
>     ps -ef|grep mysqld
>     
>     #结束进程
>     kill -9 PID
>     
>     #启动服务
>      /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
> 
> **（2） mysqld\_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'**
> 
>     [root@localhost bin]#  /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
>     Starting MySQL.2020-06-10T08:44:02.315128Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
>      ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid).
> 
>          **严格按照步骤6即可解决。**
> 
> **（3）Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart mysql.service Failed to restart mysql.**
> 
>     使用如下命令操作mysql即可：
>     systemctl restart mysqld.service
>     systemctl start mysqld.service
>     systemctl stop mysqld.service
> 
> ### 9、添加软连接，并重启mysql服务 ###
> 
>     [root@localhost bin]#  ln -s /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql 
>     [root@localhost bin]#  ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
>     [root@localhost bin]#  service mysql restart
> 
> ![20200610175804615.png][]
> 
> ### 10、登录mysql，修改密码(密码为步骤4生成的临时密码) ###
> 
>     [root@localhost /]#  mysql -u root -p
>     Enter password:
>     mysql>set password for root@localhost = password('mypass');
> 
> ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpYnVzaTAwMQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]
> 
> ### 11、开放远程连接 ###
> 
>     mysql>use mysql;
>     msyql>update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';
>     mysql>flush privileges;
> 
> ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpYnVzaTAwMQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]
> 
> ### 12、设置开机自动启动 ###
> 
>     mysql> flush privileges;
>     Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
>     
>     mysql> exit;
>     Bye
>     
>     1、将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql
>     [root@localhost bin]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
>     2、赋予可执行权限
>     [root@localhost bin]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
>     3、添加服务
>     [root@localhost bin]# chkconfig --add mysqld
>     4、显示服务列表
>     [root@localhost bin]# chkconfig --list
>     
>     Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
>           systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
>           systemd configuration.
>     
>           If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
>           To see services enabled on particular target use
>           'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
>     
>     mysqld         	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
>     netconsole     	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:off	4:off	5:off	6:off
>     network        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
>     [root@localhost bin]# mysql -u root -p
>     Enter password:
> 
> ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpYnVzaTAwMQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]
> 
> ### 13、登录Mysql ###
> 
>     [root@localhost bin]# mysql -u root -p
>     Enter password: 
>     mysql> show databases;
> 
> ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpYnVzaTAwMQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]
> 
>  
> 
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> 
> **疑问、交流、鼓励请留言！**
> 
>

--------------------

[20200611154802549.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200611154802549.png
[Mysql]: https://dev.mysql.com/
[Mysql5.7]: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html
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[Mysql8.0.2]: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/8.0.html
[20200610165906404.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200610165906404.png
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[20200610174245732.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200610174245732.png
[20200610174411313.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200610174411313.png
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[20200610175110422.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200610175110422.png
[20200610175217252.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200610175217252.png
[20200610175403183.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200610175403183.png
[20200610175804615.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200610175804615.png
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