https+nginx1.8+tomcat7+Memcached1.4.4集群session共享以及负载均衡环境搭建（window版本）

快来打我* 2023-02-13 11:55 10阅读 0赞

上学的时候一直有个梦想，就是拥有自己的网站，这个梦想在2015年10份经过自己的学习和在同事的帮助下已经实现了，同时部署阿里云ECS服务器完成备案，现在已经正式上线，后来一直听同事说nginx负载均衡能实现高并发。 于是利用下班时间搭建了Nginx和tomcat集群服务器，利用Memcached实现session共享，同时支持HTTP请求和HTTPS请求，整理了一下，分享给大家，如果存在问题，希望大家多多指点。( nginx指向两个tomcat )  
 一.搭建服务器环境前期准备：  
               1.1 安装jdk(如果没有安装包自己可以在网上下载)。  
               1.2需要下载 Tomcat7(win64位)  《点击下载》  
               1.3 需要下载 Nginx1.8.0(win64位)   《点击下载》   
               1.4 需要下载  Memcached1.4 (win64位) 《点击下载》  
        二.jdk配置环境变量 ：  
                2.1 把jdk安装在 C:\\Java\\jdk1.7.0  
                        2.1.1.新建环境变量 JAVA\_HOME 值  C:\\Java\\jdk1.7.0  
                        2.1.2.新建环境变量 classpath 值  .;%JAVA\_HOME%\\lib\\dt.jar;%JAVA\_HOME%\\lib\\tools.jar  (注意不要丢失"  .  " 符号)   
                        2.1.3.在path环境变量后面加  ;%JAVA\_HOME%\\bin;%JAVA\_HOME%\\jre\\bin;%CATALINA\_HOME%\\lib;%CATALINA\_HOME%\\bin  
       三.tomcat7配置安装 ：  
                         3.1 对于tomcat大家都很熟悉，只需要修改server.xml配置文件即可，这里我们以apache-tomcat-7.0.40为例，分别在server目录，解压缩并命名为：apache-tomcat-7.0.40\_1、apache-tomcat-7.0.40\_2。  
第一处端口修改：

<Server port="18002" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

第二处端口修改：

<Connector port="8082" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000"  redirectPort="8443" />

第三处端口修改：

第四处 Engine元素增加jvmRoute属性：（如果两个tomcat在同一个机器上，需要配置这个）

两个tomcat的端口别重复，保证能启动起来，tomcat端口分别位 8082(jvm2) 和8081(jvm1)

访问8082端口  如下图

![Center][]

访问8081端口如下图

![Center 1][]

3.2使用memcached-session-manager这个开源项目(http://download.csdn.net/detail/lhl18330580828/9502743,下面简称msm) 配置Tomcat和memcached实现session共享。  
                     首先将下面的包下载到Tomcat的lib目录下，这些包都是msm所依赖的包。  
                             javolution-5.5.1.jar  
                             kryo-1.03.jar  
                             kryo-serializers-0.10.jar  
                             memcached-2.5.jar  
                             memcached-session-manager-1.5.1.jar  
                             memcached-session-manager-tc7-1.5.1.jar  
                             minlog-1.2.jar  
                             msm-javolution-serializer-1.5.1.jar  
                             msm-kryo-serializer-1.6.4.jar  
                             reflectasm-0.9.jar  
                             spymemcached-2.7.3.jar   
                     把上述jar包放到tomcat/lib 目录下,修改每个tomcat的配置文件tomcat\\conf\\context.xml

<Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager"  
                            memcachedNodes="n1:127.0.0.1:11211"  
                            sticky="false"  
                            sessionBackupAsync="false"  
                            lockingMode="uriPattern:/path1|/path2"  
                            requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$"  
                            transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory" />

说明： 这里的memcachedNodes是填写memcached节点,多个节点时可以以空隔分开，如:   
                                                n1:localhost:11211 n2:localhost:11212       
                                                /localhost改为安装memcached的服务器的IP    
         四.Memcached 配置安装 ：  
                 4.1 在cmd控制台切换到memcached.exe所在目录，我的是在C:\\memcached   
                  4.2 输入命令memcached.exe -d install，enter后，即可完成memcached 安装 如下图：  
![Center 2][]

**4.3 ** 我习惯在服务里启动并把memcached 设为手动

![Center 3][]

4.4  右键开启 memcached 后重新启动两个 tomcat，至此tomcat+memcached 搭建完毕。  
        五.Nginx1.8.0 配置 ：  
                 5.1通过我的域名指定到nginx 端口上，分发到上面配置好的两个tomcat 端口 8081和8082上实现负载均衡    
                 5.2  实现https 需要开启 nginx 的443端口，我实现的是域名证书单向认证，如果是为了学习可以在沃通可以申请免费 域名证书 ，如果你想申请的话，我可以帮你（前提是自己得购买域名和服务器）。

#user  nobody;
    worker_processes  1;
     
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
     
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
     
     
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
     
     
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
     
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
     
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
     
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
     
        #keepalive_timeout  0;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
     
        #gzip  on;
        upstream localhost {  
          #根据ip计算将请求分配各那个后端tomcat，许多人误认为可以解决session问题，其实并不能。  
          #同一机器在多网情况下，路由切换，ip可能不同  
          # ip_hash;   
          server localhost:8081  ;  
          server localhost:8082  ;
       
         }  
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
     
            #charset koi8-r;
     
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
     
            #location / {
            #    root   html;
            #    index  index.html index.htm;
            #}
    	    rewrite ^(.*$) https://$host$1 permanent; 
    		location /ngx_status 
            {
            stub_status on;
            access_log off;
            #allow 127.0.0.1;
            #deny all;
            }
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
     
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
     
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
            #}
     
            # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    root           html;
            #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
            #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            #    include        fastcgi_params;
            #}
     
            # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
            # concurs with nginx's one
            #
            #location ~ /\.ht {
            #    deny  all;
            #}
        }
     
     
        # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       8000;
        #    listen       somename:8080;
        #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
     
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
     
     
        # HTTPS server
        #
          server {
              listen 443;
    	 	 server_name localhost;
    	 		 ssl on;
    	 		 ssl_certificate sslkey/1_www.tslhl.com_bundle.crt;  
    	  		 ssl_certificate_key sslkey/2_www.tslhl.com.key;   
    	 		 ssl_session_timeout 5m;
    	 		 ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    	  		 ssl_ciphers ALL:!DH:!EXPORT:!RC4:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:-LOW:!aNULL:!eNULL;
    	 		 ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    	 
    	         location / {
    	                proxy_connect_timeout   1;  
                        proxy_send_timeout      30;  
                        proxy_read_timeout      30;  
           	                proxy_pass http://localhost;  
    					 
    			 }
          } 
     
    }

** 5.2** 该项目下新建一个index.jsp文件，编辑该文件内容如下：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
    <%  
    String path = request.getContextPath();  
    String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";  
    %>  
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">  
    <html>  
      <head>  
        <base href="<%=basePath%>">    
        <title>My JSP 'session.jsp' starting page</title>  
        <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">  
        <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">  
        <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">      
        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">  
        <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">  
          
      </head>  
      <body>  
        <%  
         System.out.println(session.getId());  
         out.println("<br> This is (TOMCAT1|TOMCAT2), SESSION ID:" + session.getId()+"<br>");  
        %>  
      </body>  
    </html>

**5.3** 双击nginx.exe 开启nginx 服务，这时我可以访问我的 域名

![Center 4][]

** 5.4 **重复刷新发现session的值不变如下所示，session共享成功

**5.5 **我把关闭nginx做成了批处理closeNginx.bat 这样更方便内容为 ( taskkill /f /im nginx.exe)。

[Center]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160427200842856?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQv/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 1]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160427201205760?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQv/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 2]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160427203147083?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQv/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 3]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160427203817149?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQv/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 4]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160427211014803?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQv/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center