接口鉴权

喜欢ヅ旅行 2023-02-12 15:28 15阅读 0赞

一、问题说明：接口如果是被同一个项目的前端项目调用，一般都是加了各种鉴权的，比如springsercurity+token安全机制，shiro          等框架都可以控制接口访问权限。但是如果接口是提供给外部调用，肯定是不需要登录的，所以需要在自身的权限控制中放开          该接口的token校验，这样就会造成安全问题，我们一般采取拦截器的方式，和第三方做个鉴权；

二、鉴权方法：

鉴权采用固定参数同样存在安全问题，容易被抓包获取到。所以一般带入动态的时间戳来鉴权，常用的鉴权逻辑是：两边各存一     份appId和appecret，采用post请求，

1、调用处：传入appId参数，header中再传入两个参数，一个是时间戳，一个是appId、appSecret、时间戳三个参数排序后拼接的字符串的MD码；如：

String  url = thirdUrl += "?appId="+appId;
                Map<String, String> header = new HashMap<>();
                long timestamp = new Date().getTime();
                List<String> paramList = new ArrayList<>();
                paramList.add(appKey);
                paramList.add(timestamp);
                paramList.add(appSecret);
                Collections.sort(paramList, new Comparator<String>() {
                   @Override
                   public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
                      return o1.compareTo(o2);
                 }
                 });
               StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
               for (String str : paramList) {
                  builder.append(str);
               }
                String md5 = EncryptionUtil.getMD5(builder );
                header.put("sign",md5 );
                header.put("timestamp",String.valueOf(timestamp));
                String res = HttpUtil.postWithHeader(url,header,null);

附上请求util和md5生成util：

/**
    	 * 发送post请求
    	 * 
    	 * @param url
    	 * @param header
    	 * @param body
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	public static String postWithHeader(String url, Map<String, String> header, String body) {
    		String result = "";
    		BufferedReader in = null;
    		PrintWriter out = null;
    		try {
    			// 设置 url
    			URL realUrl = new URL(url);
    			URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
    			// 设置 header
    			for (String key : header.keySet()) {
    				connection.setRequestProperty(key, header.get(key));
    			}
    			// 设置请求 body
    			connection.setDoOutput(true);
    			connection.setDoInput(true);
    			out = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
    			// 保存body
    			out.print(body);
    			// 发送body
    			out.flush();
    			// 获取响应body
    			in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
    			String line;
    			while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
    				result += line;
    			}
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
    			return null;
    		}
    		return result;
    	}

import java.security.MessageDigest;
    import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
    
    public class EncryptionUtil {
    
        /***
         * MD5加码 生成32位md5码
         */
        public static String string2MD5(String inStr) {
            MessageDigest md5 = null;
            try {
                md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println(e.toString());
                e.printStackTrace();
                return "";
            }
            char[] charArray = inStr.toCharArray();
            byte[] byteArray = new byte[charArray.length];
    
            for (int i = 0; i < charArray.length; i++)
                byteArray[i] = (byte) charArray[i];
            byte[] md5Bytes = md5.digest(byteArray);
            StringBuffer hexValue = new StringBuffer();
            for (int i = 0; i < md5Bytes.length; i++) {
                int val = ((int) md5Bytes[i]) & 0xff;
                if (val < 16){
                    hexValue.append("0");
                }
                hexValue.append(Integer.toHexString(val));
            }
            return hexValue.toString();
    
        }
    
    
        /**
         * 加密解密算法 执行一次加密，两次解密
         */
        public static String convertMD5(String inStr) {
    
            char[] a = inStr.toCharArray();
            for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
                a[i] = (char) (a[i] ^ 't');
            }
            String s = new String(a);
            return s;
    
        }
    
        public static String getMD5(String sha){
            try {
                MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
                md.reset();
                md.update(sha.getBytes());
                byte[] result = md.digest();
                StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
                int len = result.length;
                for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                    int v = result[i] & 0XFF;
                    if(v < 16)
                        sb.append("0");
                    sb.append(Integer.toString(v, 16).toLowerCase());
                }
                return sb.toString();
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }
    
    
    }

2、被调用处：判断时间戳是否超过多长时间；再根据传过来的appId查询appSecret，然后这三个参数根据同样的算法生成md5，比较和第三方传过来的sign是否相等即可：

package com.demo.interceptor;
    
    import com.alibaba.druid.util.StringUtils;
    import com.demo.service.UserService;
    import com.demo.util.EncryptionUtil;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.util.DigestUtils;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.Comparator;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class ApiInterCeptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
        
        @Autowired
        private UserService userService;
        
        /**
         * 原接口post请求：1、header传入timestamp时间戳；
         *         2、header传入sign,值为appId、appSecret、timestamp排序后生成的md5码
         * @param request
         * @param response
         * @param o
         * @return
         * @throws Exception
         */
        @Override
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o) throws Exception {
            //1、校验header中的时间戳，时差不超过5分钟
            String timestamp = "";
            String sign = "";
            try {
                timestamp = request.getHeader("timestamp");
                sign = request.getHeader("sign");
                if ((Math.abs(System.currentTimeMillis() - Long.valueOf(timestamp)) / 1000 / 60) > 5) {
                    response.getWriter().print("访问失效");
                    return false;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                response.getWriter().print("参数错误");
                return false;
            }
            //2、校验参数
            // （1）. 将参数进行字典序排序
            List<String> paramList = new ArrayList<>();
            String appId = request.getParameter("appId");
            paramList.add(appId);
            paramList.add(timestamp);
            String appSercret = userService.getAppSecretById(appId);
            paramList.add(appSecret);
            Collections.sort(paramList, new Comparator<String>() {
                @Override
                public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
                    return o1.compareTo(o2);
                }
            });
            // （2）. 将参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行MD5
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
            for (String str : paramList) {
                builder.append(str);
            }
            String md5 = EncryptionUtil.getMD5(builder.toString());
            //(3).与带入的sign比较是否相等
            if (!StringUtils.equals(sign, md5)) {
                response.getWriter().print("sign不一致");
                return false;
            }
            return false;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
    
        }
    }