Hadoop单机版搭建

我不是女神ヾ 2023-02-09 14:11 67阅读 0赞

# 1. Jar包准备 #

在上一篇博客中已经准备好linux环境，看本篇博客之前请看楼主上一篇大数据简介博客，准备系统环境  
下载以下jar包，传入linux服务器的opt目录下  
hadoop-2.7.2-src.tar.gz ，apache-maven-3.6.0-bin.tar.gz，apache-ant-1.9.15-bin.tar.gz，protobuf-2.5.0.tar.gz

## 1.1 安装maven ##

# 1. 解压maven包
    tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.6.0-bin.tar.gz
    # 2. 修改profile文件
    vim /etc/profile
    # 3. 添加以下配置
    export MAVEN_HOME=/opt/apache-maven-3.6.0
    export PATH=$PATH:$MAVEN_HOME/bin
    # 4. 文件生效
    source /etc/profile
    # 5. 验证
    mvn -version

![在这里插入图片描述][20200519111604648.png]

## 1.2 安装ant ##

# 1. 解压ant包
    tar -zxvf apache-ant-1.9.15-bin.tar.gz
    # 2. 修改profile文件
    vim /etc/profile
    # 3. 添加以下配置
    export ANT_HOME=/opt/apache-ant-1.9.15
    export PATH=$PATH:$ANT_HOME/bin
    # 4. 文件生效
    source /etc/profile
    # 5. 验证
    ant -version

![在这里插入图片描述][20200519112652690.png]

## 1.3 安装glibc-headers和g++ ##

yum install -y glibc-headers
    yum install -y gcc-c++

## 1.4 安装make和cmake ##

yum install -y make
    yum install -y cmake

## 1.5 安装protobuf ##

# 1. 解压protobuf包
    tar -zxvf protobuf-2.5.0.tar.gz
    # 2. 进入目录
    cd protobuf-2.5.0
    # 3. 编译
    ./configure
    make
    make check
    make install
    ldconfig
    # 4. 修改profile文件
    vim /etc/profile
    # 5. 添加以下配置
    export PROTOBUF_PATH=/opt/protobuf-2.5.0
    export PATH=$PATH:$PROTOBUF_PATH
    # 6. 文件生效
    source /etc/profile
    # 5. 验证
    protoc --version

![在这里插入图片描述][20200519120256377.png]

## 1.6 安装openssl库 ##

yum install -y openssl-devel

## 1.7 安装ncurses库 ##

yum install -y ncurses-devel

## 1.8 编译Hadoop源码 ##

# 1. 回到opt目录
    cd /opt
    # 2. 解压hadoop
    tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.2-src.tar.gz
    # 3. 进入hadoop目录
    cd hadoop-2.7.2-src
    # 4. 编译打包源码
    mvn package -Pdist,native -DskipTests -Dtar
    或者
    mvn clean package -Pdist,native -DskipTests -Dtar
    # 5. 复制编译报到opt目录下
    cp hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz /opt/
    # 6. 解压
    tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz
    # 7. 修改profile文件
    vim /etc/profile
    # 8. 添加以下配置
    export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2
    export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
    export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin
    # 9. 配置生效
    source /etc/profile

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## 1.9 修改core-site.xml ##

vim etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

添加以下配置

<configuration>
    
    
            <property>
                    <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
                    <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
            </property>
       
            <property>
                    <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
                    <value>/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/data/tmp</value>
            </property>
    
    
    </configuration>

## 1.10 修改hdfs-site.xml ##

vim etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

添加以下配置

<configuration>
            <property>
                    <name>dfs.replication</name>
                    <value>1</value>
            </property>
    </configuration>

## 1.11 启动 ##

### 1.11.1 格式化namenode ###

第一次启动时格式化，以后就不要格式化了,如果之后再格式化则namenode为新生成的，就找不到DataNode

bin/hdfs namenode -format

### 1.11.2 启动namenode ###

sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

### 1.11.3 启动datanode ###

sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

### 1.11.4 查看系统进程 ###

jps

![在这里插入图片描述][20200519181507426.png]

### 1.11.5 测试是否启动成功 ###

访问 http://192.168.1.100:50070查看是否启动成功  
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# 2. 词频统计 #

安装完单机版hadoop之后，我们做一个词频统计，在一个文本中查看每个字母出现的次数

## 2.1 创建存储目录 ##

bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /user/root/input

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文件夹创建成功

## 2.2 上传文件资源 ##

创建一个wc.txt文件，在文件里写入任务英文字母  
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上传文件资源

bin/hdfs dfs -put wc.txt /user/root/input

查看是否上传成功  
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## 2.3 运行MapReduce程序 ##

这个是在单机版下本地版运行，并没有提交到yarn上。  
hadoop会给我们提供一些mapreduce程序，我们由于没写mapreduce程序，可以用hadoop的示例来进行演示  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Bqc2RzZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

执行命令

hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.2.jar wordcount /user/root/input /user/root/output

参数讲解  
share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.2.jar ：mapreduce程序  
wordcount : 词频统计  
/user/root/input : 测试文件目录  
/user/root/output : 结果输入目录，输出目录必须是一个不存在的文件夹  
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点击下载查看次词频统计结果cd  
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![在这里插入图片描述][20200520110429151.png]

## 2.4 删除输出结果 ##

# 删除文件
    hadoop dfs -rm -f /user/root/input/wc.txt
    # 递归删除全部
    hadoop dfs -rm -r /user/root/output

## 2.5 递归查看目录 ##

hadoop fs -lsr /

# 3. 在YARN上运行MapReduce程序 #

## 3.1 停止datanode和namenode ##

要先停止datanode再停止namenode

sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop datanode
    sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop namenode

## 3.2 yarn-env.sh 添加java环境变量 ##

cd /etc/hadoop/
    vim yarn-env.sh

添加以下配置  
![在这里插入图片描述][2020052012064299.png]

## 3.3 配置yarn-site.xml ##

vim yarn-site.xml

添加以下内容

<property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
    <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
    </property>
    
    
    <property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
    <value>hadoop1.com</value>
    </property>

## 3.4 配置mapred-site.xml ##

mapred-site.xml.template模板文件重命名mapred-site.xml

mv mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml

修改mapred-site.xml

vim mapred-site.xml

添加以下配置

<property>
    <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
    <value>yarn</value>
    </property>

## 3.5 启动namenode和datanode ##

启动时先启动namenode再启动datanode

sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
    sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

## 3.6 启动resourcemanager ##

sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager

## 3.7 启动nodemanager ##

sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start nodemanager

## 3.8 检查启动成功 ##

web浏览器中查看 ： http://192.168.1.100:8088  
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## 3.9 执行mapreduce程序(wordcount示例)(如果以前执行产生过output目录，先删除) ##

hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.2.jar wordcount /user/root/input /user/root/output

运行成功  
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# 4. 配置日志 #

MapReduce 的 JobHistory Server，这是一个独立的服务，可通过 web UI 展示历史作业日志，之所以将其独立出来，是为了减轻 ResourceManager 负担。JobHistory Server 将会分析作业 运行日志，并展示作业的启动时间、结束时间、各个任务的运行时间，各种Counter数据等，并产生一个指向作业和任务日志的链接，其默认端口号为 19888。通常可以启动在一台独立的机器上。

## 4.1 停止各项服务 ##

sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop datanode
    sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop namenode
    sbin/yarn-daemon.sh stop nodemanager
    sbin/yarn-daemon.sh stop resourcemanager

## 4.2 配置mapred-site.xml ##

在mapred-site.xml文件中添加以下配置

<property>
    <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
    <value>hadoop1.com:10020</value>
    </property>
    
    <property>
    <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>
    <value>hadoop1.com:19888</value>
    </property>

## 4.3 配置日志聚合 ##

在yarn-site.xml文件中添加以下配置

<property>
    <name>yarn.log-aggregation-enable</name>
    <value>true</value>
    </property>
    
    <property>
    <name>yarn.log-aggregation.retain-seconds</name>
    <value>604800</value>
    </property>

## 4.4 启动服务 ##

sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
    sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
    sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager
    sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start nodemanager
    mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver

![在这里插入图片描述][20200520135735265.png]

## 4.5 执行wordcount程序查看日志 ##

hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.2.jar wordcount /user/root/input /user/root/output

访问http://192.168.1.100:19888/jobhistory 查看日志  
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