Appium-Web/Web Views-Mobile Web Testing(web视图移动测试)

忘是亡心i 2023-01-19 03:27 167阅读 0赞

### Automating mobile web apps ###

*   *   *   *   *  iOS mobile web automation
                 *  Mobile Safari on Simulator
                 *  Mobile Safari on a Real iOS Device
                 *   *  For \`XCUITest\`
                     *  For \`Instruments\`
                     *  Setup for an iOS real device
                 *  Running your test
                 *  Android mobile web automation
                 *   *  Troubleshooting Chromedriver

If you’re interested in automating your web app in Mobile Safari on iOS or Chrome on Android, Appium can help you. Basically, you write a normal WebDriver test, and use Appium as the Selenium server with a special set of desired capabilities.

如果你有兴趣让你的web app在Mobile Safri实现自动化
    或Chrome在Android上，
    Appium可以帮助你.
    总的来说，你编写一个普通的WebDriver test，
    并使用Appiun作为Selenium server带有一个特殊设置的期望能力.

##### iOS mobile web automation #####

Appium can automate the Safari browser on real and simulated iOS devices. It is accessed by setting the `browserName` desired capabilty to `"Safari"` while leaving the `app` capability empty.

Appium可以自动运行Safari浏览器在真机和模拟机的iOS设备上.
    通过将'browserName'所需性能设置为'Safari',
    同时将app capability设置为空值可以访问它.

You must run Safari on the device before attempting to use Appium, in order for the correct preferences to have been set.

在尝试使用Appium之前你必须运行Safari在device，
    以便于正确的设置首选项.

Then, use desired capabilities like these to run your test in mobile Safari:

然后，使用期望功能类似于在你的mobile Safari中运行你的测试：

<table> 
 <thead> 
 <tr> 
 <th align="left"></th> 
 <th align="left"></th> 
 </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">Java</td> 
 <td align="left">DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME, <code>"iOS"</code>); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION, <code>"13.2"</code>); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME, <code>"XCUITest"</code>); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, <code>"Safari"</code>); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, <code>"iPhone 11"</code>);</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">Python</td> 
 <td align="left">{ <code>'platformName'</code>: <code>'iOS'</code>, <code>'platformVersion'</code>: <code>'13.2'</code>, <code>'automationName'</code>: <code>'XCUITest'</code>, <code>'browserName'</code>: <code>'Safari'</code>, <code>'deviceName'</code>: <code>'iPhone 11'</code> }</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">Javascript</td> 
 <td align="left">{ platformName:<code>'iOS'</code> , platformVersion: <code>'13.2'</code> , automationName:<code>'XCUITest'</code> , browserName: <code>'Safari'</code> , deviceName:<code>'iPhone 11'</code> }</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">Ruby</td> 
 <td align="left">{ platformName:<code>'iOS'</code>, platformVersion: <code>'13.2'</code>, automationName:<code>'XCUITest'</code>, deviceName:<code>'iPhone 11'</code>, browserName: <code>'Safari'</code> }</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">PHP</td> 
 <td align="left">public static $browsers = array( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<code>'desiredCapabilities'</code> =&gt; array( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<code>'platformName'</code> =&gt; <code>'iOS'</code>, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<code>'platformVersion'</code> =&gt; <code>'13.2'</code>, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<code>'automationName'</code>=&gt; <code>'XCUITest'</code>, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<code>'browserName'</code>=&gt; <code>'Safari'</code>, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<code>'deviceName'</code> =&gt; <code>'iPhone 11'</code> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;) );</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

##### Mobile Safari on Simulator #####

First of all, make sure developer mode is turned on in your Safari preferences so that the remote debugger port is open.

首先，在你的Safari首选项确保打开了开发者模式
    以便使用远程调试器端口是开放的.

##### Mobile Safari on a Real iOS Device #####

###### For `XCUITest` ######

We use appium-ios-device to handle Safari since Appium 1.15. You no longer need to install additional dependencies.

我们使用appium-ios-device来控制Safari在Appium1.15以后.
    你不再需要安装其他依赖项.

###### For `Instruments` ######

For iOS 9.3 and below (pre-XCUITest), we use the `SafariLauncher` App app to launch Safari and run tests against mobile Safari. This is because Safari is an app that is owned by Apple, and Instruments cannot launch it on real devices. Once Safari has been launched by SafariLauncher, the Remote Debugger automatically connects using the `ios-webkit-debug-proxy`. When working with ios-webkit-debug-proxy, you have to trust the machine before you can can run tests against your iOS device.

对于iOS 9.3版本之前（pre-XCUITest），
    我们使用SafariLauncher App应用程序来启动Safari并对against moblie Safari运行测试.
    这是因为Safari是Apple的一个程序，
    并且一起不能再真机上启动它.
    一旦Safari由SafariLauncher启动,
    远程调试器使用'ios-webkit-debug-proxy'自动连接.
    当作业通过'ios-webkit-debug-proxy'，
    在你可以运行测试against your iOS device
    你必须信任计算机.

For instruction on how to install and run ios-webkit-debugger-proxy see iOS WebKit debug proxy documentation.

关于如何安装和运行参阅'ios-webkit-debugger-proxy'的操作说明参阅文档.

###### Setup for an iOS real device ######

Before you can run your tests against Safari on a real device you will need to:

你在可以运行你的测试against（针对） 
    Safari在一个真机上你将需要去做：

*  `XCUITest` and `Instruments`
    
     *  Turn on web inspector on iOS device (settings > safari > advanced)

在设备上启用web inspector在iOS设备上（settings > safari > advanced）

*  Only for `Instruments`
    
     *  Have the `ios-webkit-debug-proxy` installed, running and listening on port 27753 (see the hybrid docs for instructions)

安装'ios-webkit-debug-proxy'，
    运行并监听在27753端口.

*  Make sure that `SafariLauncher` will work (see the SafariLauncher docs for instructions)

确保'SafariLauncher'会正常工作

##### Running your test #####

To configure you test to run against safari simply set the “browserName” to be “Safari”.

去配置你的测试运行against safari,
    只需要将"browserName"设置为 "Safari".

<table> 
 <thead> 
 <tr> 
 <th align="left"></th> 
 <th align="left"></th> 
 </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">Java</td> 
 <td align="left">//setup the web driver and launch the webview app. DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(); desiredCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, <code>"Safari"</code>); desiredCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME,<code>"XCUITest"</code>); URL url = new URL(<code>"http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"</code>); AppiumDriver driver = new AppiumDriver(url, desiredCapabilities); // Navigate to the page and interact with the elements on the guinea-pig page using id. driver.get(<code>"http://saucelabs.com/test/guinea-pig"</code>); WebElement div = driver.findElement(By.id(<code>"i_am_an_id"</code>)); Assert.assertEquals(<code>"I am a div"</code>, div.getText()); //check the text retrieved matches expected value driver.findElement(By.id(<code>"comments"</code>)).sendKeys(<code>"My comment"</code>); //populate the comments field by id. //close the app. driver.quit();</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">Python</td> 
 <td align="left"># setup the web driver and launch the webview app. capabilities = { <code>'browserName'</code>: <code>'Safari'</code>, <code>'automationName'</code>: <code>'XCUITest'</code> } driver = webdriver.Remote(<code>'http://localhost:4723/wd/hub'</code>, capabilities) # Navigate to the page and interact with the elements on the guinea-pig page using id. driver.get(<code>'http://saucelabs.com/test/guinea-pig'</code>); div = driver.find_element_by_id(<code>'i_am_an_id'</code>) # check the text retrieved matches expected value assertEqual(<code>'I am a div'</code>, div.text) # populate the comments field by id driver.find_element_by_id(<code>'comments'</code>).send_keys(<code>'My comment'</code>) # close the driver driver.quit()</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">PHP</td> 
 <td align="left">class ContextTests extends PHPUnit_Extensions_AppiumTestCase { public static $browsers = array( array( <code>'desiredCapabilities'</code> =&gt; array( <code>'platformName'</code> =&gt; <code>'iOS'</code>, <code>'platformVersion'</code> =&gt; <code>'7.1'</code>, <code>'automationName'</code> =&gt; <code>'XCUITest'</code>, <code>'browserName'</code> =&gt; <code>'Safari'</code>, <code>'deviceName'</code> =&gt; <code>'iPhone 11'</code> ) ) ); public function <code>testThings</code>() { $this-&gt;get(<code>'http://saucelabs.com/test/guinea-pig'</code>); $div = $this-&gt;byId(<code>'i_am_an_id'</code>); $this-&gt;assertEquals(<code>'I am a div'</code>, $div-&gt;text()); $this-&gt;byId(<code>'comments'</code>)-&gt;sendKeys(<code>'My comment'</code>); } }</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

##### Android mobile web automation #####

Appium supports automating the Chrome browser both real and emulated Android devices.

Appium支持自动化Chrome浏览器包含真机和模拟机的Android devices.

Pre-requisites:

*  Make sure Chrome is installed on your device or emulator.

确保你的设备或虚拟机上安装了Chrome.

*  Chromedriver needs to be installed (a default version comes with Appium) and configured for automating the specific version of Chrome available on the device. See here for more information and details about compatibility.  
    Then, use desired capabilties like these to run your test in Chrome:

需要去安装Chromedriver（Appium附带的默认版本）
    并为支持Chrome在设备上运行为自动化配置特定版本.

<table> 
 <thead> 
 <tr> 
 <th align="left"></th> 
 <th align="left"></th> 
 </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">Java</td> 
 <td align="left">DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME, <code>"Android"</code>); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION, <code>"9.0"</code>); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, <code>"Android Emulator"</code>); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME, <code>"UIAutomator2"</code>); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, <code>"Chrome"</code>);</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">Python</td> 
 <td align="left">{ ‘platformName’: ‘Android’, ‘platformVersion’: ‘9.0’, ‘deviceName’: ‘Android Emulator’, ‘automationName’: ‘UIAutomator2’, ‘browserName’: ‘Chrome’ }</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">Javascript</td> 
 <td align="left">{ platformName:<code>'Android'</code> , platformVersion:<code>'9.0'</code> , deviceName: <code>'Android Emulator'</code> , automationName: <code>'UIAutomator2'</code> , browserName:<code>'Chrome'</code> };</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">Ruby</td> 
 <td align="left">{ platformName: <code>'Android'</code>, platformVersion: <code>'9.0'</code>, deviceName: <code>'Android Emulator'</code>, automationName:<code>'UIAutomator2'</code>, browserName:<code>'Chrome'</code> }</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">PHP</td> 
 <td align="left">public static $browsers = array( array( <code>'desiredCapabilities'</code>=&gt; array( <code>'platformName'</code>=&gt;<code>'Android'</code>, <code>'platformVersion'</code> =&gt; <code>'9.0'</code>, <code>'browserName'</code> =&gt;<code>'Chrome'</code>, <code>'automationName'</code> =&gt;<code>'UIAutomator2'</code>, <code>'deviceName'</code> =&gt;<code>'Android Emulator'</code> ) ) );</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

Note that on 4.4+ devices, you can also use the ‘Browser’ `browserName` cap to automate the built-in browser. On all devices you can use the ‘Chromium’ `browserName` cap to automate a build of Chromium which you have installed.

注意在4.4+以上版本上，
    你也可以使用'Browser'的`browserName`覆盖使浏览器自动化.
    在所有设备上你可以使用'Chromium'覆盖到自动生成你已安装的Chromium上.

###### Troubleshooting Chromedriver ######

If your test target requires newer Chromedriver version, chromedriver\_autodownload feature will help. It has been available since Appium 1.15.0 with the security option. Read the linked documentation to learn how to use it. `chromedriverExecutableDir` capability also helps when you need a specific Chromedriver version.

如果你的测试目标需要更新Chromedriver版本,
    'chromedriver_autodownload'会为你提供帮助.
    它从Appium 1.15.0开始带有了安全项.
    阅读链接文档去链接如何使用它.
    当你需要特定的Chromedriver version时，
    'chromedriverExecutableDir'也是对你有帮助的.

As of Chrome version 33, a rooted device is no longer required. If running tests on older versions of Chrome, devices needed to be rooted as Chromedriver required write access to the `/data/local` directory to set Chrome’s command line arguments.

从Chrome 33版本开始，不需要根设备.
    如果在Chrome上运行测试旧的版本,
    设备需要根目录因为Chromedriver需要
    编写`/data/local`目录去设置Chrome's命令行参数.

If testing on Chrome app prior to version 33, ensure `adb shell` has read/write access to `/data/local` directory on the device:

如果Chrome app在33版本之前进行测试，
    要保证adb shell对设备上的/data/local目录有读/写权限.

$ adb shell su -c chmod 777 /data/local

There is a desired capability `showChromedriverLog` which, when set to true, writes the Chromedriver logs inline with the Appium logs. This can be helpful for debugging.

showChromedriverLog显示了一个所需功能,
    当设置为true时，
    将Chromedriver日志与Appium日志内联写入.
    这有助于调试.

For more Chromedriver specific documentation see ChromeDriver documentation.